全国生英语竞赛历年真题2008年样题级及答案

PartIListeningComprehension(25minutes,30SectionA(5ofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbereadonlyonce.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthethreechoicesmarkedA,BandC,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughtheA.ThemanisnotsuitablefortheB.ThejobhasbeengiventosomeoneC.Shehadn'treceivedtheman'sA.HeisgoingtoseehissectionB.HeisgoingtohaveajobC.HeisgoingtoseehisA.Asktoseetheman'sIDB.GetthebriefcasefortheC.ShowthemanherA.ThedormroomistooB.ThereisnokitchenintheC.NoonelooksafterthedormA.ShewasalwaysingoodB.ShestoppedexercisingoneyearC.Shelostalotofweightinoneyear.SectionB(10marks)Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Eachconversationwillbereadonlyonce.Attheendofeachconversation,therewillbeaone-minutepause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefivebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.ConversationWhatissoontoopeninTheFrenchMovieTheFrenchCulturalTheFrenchFoodHowmanyexhibitionswillbeheldforthis200.B.20.C.WhatwillbeheldatthefootoftheGreatTheCityTheOpeningTheGreatWhichofthefollowingcitiesisnotincludedinthisWhatwillcertainlymakegreatcontributionstothisTVConversationTwoWhatsoundmorelikeanativespeakerinacasual B. C.WhichofthefollowingsoundsmoreinformalandmoreGet B. C.WhichofthefollowingmeansthatyoucannotinterruptI'mtiedIhavealotonmyI'mInAmericanculture,whatisconsideredimportantinaUsingproperMakingeyeLookingatyourownInbusiness,howmightAmericansfeelaboutyouifyouarelookingYou'refeelingYou'retellingtheYou'retellingalie.SectionC(5marks)Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear5shortnewsitems.Aftereachitem,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthequestionandthenthethreechoicesmarkedA,BandC,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Howlongwillittakefornewforeststogrow65 B.20 C.40WhatdidJimmyCarterplantofocushiseffortsonafterleavingtheWhiteHousein1981?ApresidentialCampWinningasecondWhatwasregardedasthelifebloodofthecountryofthe B. C.WhatisresponsibleforthedeathofmanypeopleindevelopingThedevelopmentofresistancetoThedifficultytocurenewemergingTheinabilityofthepoortoaffordWhatreleasedanestimated8.7milliontonsoftheglobalwarming B.Wildfires. SectionD(10marks)Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearashortpassage.Therearetenmissingwordsorphrasesinit.Fillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhearonthetape.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Aresearchersaysleadintheenvironmentcouldbeamajorcauseofviolencebyyoungpeople.DoctorHerbertNeedlemanisa(21) theUniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicineinPennsylvaniaandhe(22)hisfindingsattheyearlymeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.DoctorNeedlemansaysthepresenceofleadinthe(23) changestheneuronsthatcontrolactionsandthatcancauseapersontoactinantisocialand(24) Inthe1970s,DoctorNeedlemanfoundlowerscoresoneveninchildrenwhodidnothavesuchsignsofleadpoisoning.Afterthat,leadwas(26) gasolineandpaintintheUnitedStates.Yetmanyhomesstillhaveoldleadpaint.Leadwasalsousedinolder(27) fact,officialsjustannouncedstrongertestingandreportingrequirementsasfromnextyearforleadinAmericandrinkingwater.Thenewestresearchshowsthatevenverysmallamountsofleadinbonescanaffectbraindevelopment.Asimple(28) leadexceptthatanX-rayprocessisneededtomeasurelevelsinbone.2004,suchtestsweredoneon190youngpeoplewhowereandthefindingsshowedthattheiraveragelevelswerehigherthannormal.And,in1998,threehundredchildrenwerestudiedandthetestscoresshowedhigherlevelsof(30) problemsinthosewithincreasedlevelsoflead.Yettheselevelswerestillconsideredsafebythegovernment.PartIIVocabularyandStructure(10minutes,15Directions:Thereare15incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.So thatshedidn'tknowhowtostarthersinceshewouldshethatshedidshe anothercareerbut,atthetime,hejustwantedtoearnmoneytostudyabroad.mighthave B.mightC.hadto D.musthaveThesecondreportwas byAugust2005,butoneyearlateritwasstillnowhereinsight. B.tohaveC.to D.tohavebeenInthisexperiment,thestudentsstudiedarestoppedseveraltimesduringthelisteningtestandaskedtoreportwhatthey pausebeforeansweringthequestions.hadjustbeenthinking B.havejustbeenthinkingC.arejustthinking D.hadjustthoughtIwasalwaystaughtthatit toA. B. C. D.Smallboysare questioners.TheyaskquestionsalltheA. B. C. D.Weregrettoinformyouthatthematerialsyouordered.A.outof B.outof C.outof D.outofThebomb themomentitisA.go B.go C.go D.goThecar ;I'vetrieditseveraltimes,butitwon'tA. B. C. D. A. B. C. D.Inyourfirstfewdaysatschoolyou'llbegivenatesttohelptheteachersto youtoaclassatyourlevel.A. B. C. D.Chinaonlystarteditsnuclearpowerindustryinrecentyears,and notimeincatchingup. C. D.—Youdidanexcellentjobyesterday,Jim!Ireallyenjoyedyour—Ohyeah,itwasfabulous.ItseemstheEnglishprogramisagreatwaytopracticeEnglish.Yeah.ItisfunandDidyouOh,thankyou.YouaresoReally?WhataboutNotatall.My—WhatkindofmusicdoyouWell,Ilikedifferent—Er,IespeciallylikepunkIbegyour B.AreyouC.Anyin D.Whydoyouthink—Howdidyoulikethefashionshowlast—Ididn'tseeanythingwrongwiththeclothes;theylookedprettyniceDoyoureallythinkpeoplecanwearthatstuffandwalkaroundImpressive.It'sagoodwaytoshowoffwomen'ssenseofstyleandItwascool.TheclothesaremorebeautifulthanthepeoplewearingNothingserious.It'sonlyashowtoattracttheeyesoffashionItwasdumb.Ithinkit'sstupidforwomentowearclotheslikePartIIIReadingComprehension(20minutes,40SectionA(4Directions:Thereisonepassageinthissectionwith4questions.Foreachquestion,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions46-49arebasedonthefollowingTheabilityto“see”oneselfinthefutureisaremarkablehumantrait-somewouldsayunique-thatisnotwellunderstood.That'sdespitethefactthatweprobablyspendasmuchtimethinkingaboutthefutureaswedothinkingaboutthepresent.NownewresearchfromWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louissuggeststhatit'spreciselybecausewecanrememberthepastthatwecanvisualizethefuture.“Ourfindingsprovideconvincingsupportfortheideathatmemoryandfuturethoughtarehighlyinterrelatedandhelpexplainwhyfuturethoughtmaybeimpossiblewithoutmemories,”saysdoctoralcandidateKarlSzpunar.Thefindingsareconsistentwithotherresearchshowingthatpersonswithlittlememoryofthepast,suchasyoungchildrenorindividualssufferingfromlossofmemory,arelessabletoseethemselvesintheTheresearchersbasetheirconclusionsonbrainscansof21collegethesameeventinthefuture,likeabirthdayorgettinglost.Theexperimentwascarriedoutaseachstudentlayontheirstomachinamagneticresonanceimagingmachine,adreadfulbutveryusefulpieceofequipmentthatcanshowwhichareasofthebrainarestimulatedduringspecificthoughtThestudentswerealsoaskedtopictureformerPresidentBillClintoninapastandfuturesetting.Clintonwaschosenbecausehewaseasilyrecognizedandfamiliartoallthestudents.Theresearchersfounda“surprisinglycompleteoverlap”amongregionsofthebrainusedforrememberingthestudent'spastandthoseusedforinanticipatingthefuture.Inshort,theresearchersisolatedtheareaofthebrainthat“litup”whenthatsamearealitupagainwhentheythoughtaboutasimilareventintheirfuture.Infact,theresearchersreportthatthebrainactivitywassosimilarinbothcasesthatitwas“indistinguishable.”ThefindingswerereinforcedwhenstudentsimaginedBillClinton.SinceAndthebrainscansshowed“significantlyless”correlationbetweenmemoriesofhavingseenpicturesofClintonintheWhiteHouseandprojectinghimintothefuture.Sothis“timemachine,”astheresearchersdescribeit,allowsustousethepasttoseeourselvesinthefuture,andbothourmemoriesandouranticipationareinterdependent.Aremarkablehumantraitthatisnotwellunderstoodisthe.tothinkaboutthepastB.toseethefutureC.toremembertheD.tocontroltheThefindingssupport futuregoalswillgreatlyinfluenceaperson'spresentaperson'spresentperformanceisdeterminedbyhis/herpastfuturethoughtdependstoagreatdegreeonthememoryofthepresentthoughtisimpossiblewithouttheabilitytoimaginetheTheconclusionoftheexperimentonstudentswas thestudentscouldpicturethemselvesbetterthanBillClintoninapastandfuturesettingthestudentscouldimaginethemselvesaswellasBillClintoninapastandfuturesettingthestudentscouldanticipateBillClintonbetterthanthemselvesinapastandfuturesettingthestudentscouldonlypicturethemselvesinapastandfuturesettingbutnotBillClintonThis“timemachine”inthelastparagraphmostprobablyrefers.A.clockB.brainscanningC.magneticresonanceimagingD.memorySectionB(14marks)Directions:Thereisonepassageinthissectionwith10questions.GooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsontheAnswerSheet.Forquestions50-55,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictsthegiveninthepassage.Forquestions56-59,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.VisitingtheWhiteWhiteHouseToursPublictoursoftheWhiteHouseareavailableforgroupsof10ormorepeople.Requestsmustbesubmittedthroughone'sMemberofareavailablefrom7:30a.m.to12:30p.m.TuesdaythroughSaturday,andarescheduledonafirstcome,firstservedbasisapproximatelyonemonthinadvanceoftherequesteddate.Weencourageyoutosubmityourrequestasearlyaspossiblesincealimitednumberoftoursareavailable.AllWhiteHousetoursarefreeofcharge.Forthemostcurrenttourinformation,pleasecallthe24-hourlineat202-456-7041.PleasenotethatWhiteHousetoursmaybesubjecttolastminutecancellation.WhiteHouseVisitorAlltoursaresignificantlyenhancedifvisitorsstopbytheWhiteHouseVisitorCenterlocatedatthesoutheastcornerof15thandEStreets,beforeoraftertheirtour.TheCenterisopensevendaysaweekfrom7:30a.m.until4:00p.m.andfeaturesmanyaspectsoftheWhiteHouse,includingitsarchitecture,furnishings,firstfamilies,socialevents,andrelationswiththepressandworldleaders,aswellasathirty-minutevideo.Allowbetween20minutestoonehourtoexploretheexhibits.TheWhiteHouseHistoricalAssociationalsosponsorsasalesarea.Pleasenotethatrestroomsareavailable,butfoodserviceisnot.Mobility-Impaired/UsingaGuestsrequiringtheloanofawheelchairshouldnotifytheofficerattheVisitorsEntranceBuildinguponarrival.Wheelchairsloansareofferedonafirst-come,first-servedReservationsarenotVisitorsinwheelchairs,orwithothermobilitydisabilities,ontheCongressionalguidedorself-guidedtours,between8:00a.m.and12noon,usethesameVisitorentranceand,withuptofourmembersoftheirparty,areadmittedwithoutwaitinginlineandwithouttickets.Visitorsinwheelchairsareescortedbyrampfromtheentranceleveltothegroundfloor,andbyelevatorfromthegroundtothestatefloor.Guestsgenerallywaitinlinewiththeirfamilyorgroup.Toursforhearing-impairedgroupsmaybearrangedinadvancebywritingtotheVisitorsOffice,WhiteHouse,Washington,DC20502.Toursareusuallyscheduledat9:30a.m.,betweentheCongressionalandpublictourtimes.ParticipantsenterattheEastAppointmentgate.AU.S.SecretService/UniformedDivisionTourOfficerconductsthetourinsignlanguage.Signedtoursareavailabletogroupsof8to20.Groupsarealsoencouragedtobringtheirowninterpreters.notice.ACongressionalofficefirstissuesguidedtourticketstoaguestwhoishearing-impairedandthencontactstheVisitorsOfficeatleast2weeksinadvancetorequestinterpreterservice.TheVisitorsOfficeTDD(telephonedeviceforthedeaf)is202-456-MessagesmaybeleftoutsidenormalbusinessToursforvisually-impairedgroupsmaybearrangedinadvancebywritingtotheVisitorsOffice,WhiteHouse,Washington,DC20502.Thetoursareusuallyscheduledat9:30a.m.,betweentheCongressionalandpublictourtimes.ParticipantsenterattheEastAppointmentgate.AU.S.SecretService/UniformedDivisionTourOfficerpermitsvisitorstotouchspecificobjectsintheHouse.Touchtoursarecurrentlyavailableonlytogroupsof8to20,nottoindividualvisitors.GuideanimalsarepermittedintheWhiteGeneralTourmadebecauseofofficialevents.Noticemaynotbegivenuntilthatmorning.TheVisitorsOffice24-hourInformationLinerecordingat202-456-7041shouldconfirmtourschedulesbycallingtheinformationlinethenightbeforeandthemorningthattheyplantovisit.Itisoccasionallynecessarytocloseindividualroomsonthetour;however,noticeaboutclosedroomsisnotProhibitedProhibiteditemsinclude,butarenotlimitedto,thefollowing:handbags,bookbags,backpacks,purses,foodandbeveragesofanykind,strollers,cameras,videorecordersoranytypeofrecordingdevice,tobaccoproducts,personalgroomingitems(make-up,hairbrushorcomb,liporhandetc.),anypointedobjects(pens,knittingneedles,etc.),aerosolcontainers,guns,ammunition,fireworks,electricstunguns,mace,martialarts/devices,orknivesofanysize.TheU.S.SecretServicereservestherighttoprohibitanyotherpersonalitems.Umbrellas,wallets,cellphonesandcarkeysarepermitted.Pleasenotethatnostoragefacilitiesareavailableonoraroundthecomplex.IndividualswhoarrivewithprohibiteditemswillnotbepermittedtoentertheWhiteHouse.TheclosestMetrorailstationstotheWhiteHouseareFederalTriangle(blueandorangelines),MetroCenter(blue,orange,andredlines)andMcPhersonSquare(blueandorangelines).On-streetparkingisnotavailableneartheWhiteHouse,anduseofpublictransportationisstronglyRestrooms/PublicThenearestrestroomsandpublictelephonestotheWhiteHouseareintheEllipseVisitorPavilion(theparkareasouthoftheWhiteHouse)andintheWhiteHouseVisitorCenter.RestroomsorpublictelephonesarenotavailableattheWhiteHouse.BothCongressionalguidedandself-guidedtoursneedtobescheduledinadvance.AllWhiteHousetoursarefreeofchargeexceptonfederalTheWhiteHouseVisitorCenterprovidesfreedrinksbutnotfoodWheelchairreservationserviceisprovidedbytheofficerattheVisitorsEntranceBuilding.Hearing-impairedvisitorscanrequestsigninginterpretationservicefromtheVisitorsOffice.Touchtoursarecurrentlyonlyofferedtovisually-impairedgroupsof8to20.Sometimesofficialeventsmakeitnecessarytoclosewithoutnotice.ThepersonalitemspermittedtobecarriedintotheWhiteHouse.Thetransportationvisitorsareencouragedtouse.InsidetheWhiteHouse,visitorscannotfindoruserestrooms.SectionC(10Directions:Inthissection,thereisonepassagefollowedby5Readthepassagecarefully,thenanswerthequestionsinasfewwordspossible(notmorethan10words).RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Questions60-64arebasedonthefollowingIfyouwereonadistantplanet,andifyouhadinstrumentsthatcouldtellyouthecompositionofEarth'satmosphere,howwouldyouknowtherewaslifeonthisplanet?Waterintheatmospherewouldsuggesttherecouldbewateronthesurface,andasweallknowwaterisconsideredcrucialtolife.Butwaterwouldonlysuggestthatlifeispossible.Itwouldn'tproveit'sthere.Carbon?Thatbasiccomponentof“lifeasweknowit?”Notnecessarily.Adiamondispurecarbon,anditmaybepretty,butitisn'talive.WhatreallysetsEarthapartisnitrogen,whichmakesup80percentoftheplanet'satmosphere.Andit'sthereonlybecausethereisabundantlifeonEarth,sayscientistsattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.ThereportgrewoutofaclassdiscussiontwoyearsagoinacoursetaughtbyCaponeandKennethNealson,professorofearthsciences.StudentswereWhatisadistinct“signature,”asCaponeputsit,thatwouldshowthereislifeonanotherplanet?That'saquestionthathasbeenkickedaroundinmanyquartersinrecentdecades,especiallysincealleffortstofindsomeformoflife,nomatterwhetheronMarsorinthedistantreachesofspace,havefailed.AtleastsoThecurrentefforttosearchforsomeevidenceoflifeonMarsfocusesprimarilyonthesearchforwater,becauseithaslongbeenbelievedthatlifetotakeplace.Butthat'sprobablythewrongapproach,theUSCgroup“It'shardtoimaginelifewithoutwater,butit'seasytoimagineButnitrogenwouldbeamuchclearersignatureoflife.Onlyabout2anditprobablymeansthereisnolifeonMarstoday,andiftherewasinthepast,itprobablyendedmany,manyyearsago.But,theUSCteamaddsquickly,thatdoesn'tmeanthere'snolifeanywhereelseintheuniverse.Theydon'tknowwhere,ofcourse,buttheymayhavefoundawaytonarrowdownthesearch.Lookfirstfornitrogen,thenlookforbiologicalactivitythatshouldbethere.Soiflifeexistselsewhere,andissimilartolifeasweknowit,thereshouldbenitrogen,andthat'swhatweshouldbelookingforfirst,theresearchersustotheconclusionthattherelikelyneverwaslifeonButhowaboutelsewhere?Couldthistechniquebeusedtosearchforlifeinothersolarsystems?Maybe.Itmightbepossibletodetectanitrogen-richatmospherearoundaplanetorbitinganotherstar,butnotyet.Currentinstrumentsaren'tthatIftheyeverare,thesearchforlifemightbenarroweddowntothemostpromisingprospects,chieflybecauseofthepresenceofnitrogen.Andwon'tthatbefun!Whatcansuggestlifeispossiblebutcannotbeprovedaccordingtotheauthor?Whatisaclear“signature”oflifeonanotherplanetaccordingtoWhatisconsideredasawrongwaytosearchforevidenceoflifeonWhatcanprobablyprovethereisnolifeonMarstodaybasedonthenewtheory?Whyisitimpossibletousethenewtechniquetosearchforlifeinothersolarsystemsnow?SectionD(12Directions:Inthissection,thereisonepassagefollowedbyasummary.Readthepassagecarefullyandcompletethesummarybelowbychoosingamaximumofthreewordsfromthepassagetofillinthespaces65-70.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerQuestions65-70arebasedonthefollowingcompeteintheBeijingOlympics.ButdidyouknowthatinSeptemberofnextyear,disabledathleteswillcompeteintheParalympicGamesinBeijing?TheOlympicsandtheParalympicsareseparatemovements.Buttheyhavealwaysbeenheldinthesameyear,andsince1988,theyhavealsobeenheldinthesamecity.TheInternationalOlympicCommitteeandtheInternationalParalympicCommitteesignedanagreementin2001tosecurethisconnection.ThenextwintergameswilltakeplaceinVancouver,Canada,in2010.TheParalympicGamesgrewoutofasportscompetitionheldin1948inEnglandandadoctornamedLudwigGuttmannorganizeditformenwhosufferedspinalcordinjuriesinWorldWarII.Fouryearslater,itbecameaninternationaleventascompetitorsfromtheNetherlandstookpart.Then,incompeted.By2004,theParalympicGamesinAthenshadalmost4000maybeblindorinwheelchairs.Yetsometimestheyperformbetterthanathleteswithoutdisabilities.In1968,EuniceKennedyShriver,thesisterofformerPresidentJohnF.Kennedy,startedtheSpecialOlympics,whicharejustforchildrenandadultswithmentallimitationsandwhoseprogramscurrentlyservemorethantwomillionpeoplein160countries.InNovember2006,inMumbai,India,teamscompetedintheFirstSpecialOlympicsInternationalCricketCup.InadditiontoIndia,thereweremen'steamsfromAfghanistan,Australia,Bangladesh,Nepal,Pakistan,SriLankaandtheWestIndies.Therewerealsowomen'scricketteamsfromIndiaandPakistan.TherearemanyorganizationsintheUnitedStatesthathelppeoplewithdisabilitiesplaysports.Wheelchairtennisisapopularsport.Soisbasketball.Infact,therearemorethanonehundredprofessionalteamsplayingwheelchairbasketballthankstothespecialwheelchairsforathletesthatarelightweightanddesignedforquickmoves.Forpeoplewhowanttogoreallyfastintheirchairs,thereisaPowerWheelchairRacingAssociation.InthestateofUtahthereisaplacecalledtheNationalAbilityCenter,whichteachesallkindsofsportstopeoplewithallkindsofphysicalandasportasiftheyweredisabled.AreporterfromtheWashingtonPostwantedtoknowwhatitwouldbelikeforablindpersontouseaclimbingwall.So,protectedbyasafetyline,handsandfeet.Trainersonthegroundurgedhimon:“Takeyourtime.Youcandoit.”Finallyhereachedthetop.AttheNationalAbilityCenterpeoplecanlearntoridehorsesandmountainbikes.Theycantrywintermountainsports,andlearnscubadivingandotherwateractivities.ThecenteralsopreparesathletesfortheInternet,wheretheycangetinformationabouthotels,transportationandservicesliketourcompanies.TheInternetcanalsohelptravelersfindspecialservicesforthedisabled.Forexample,therearegroupsthathelpyoungpeoplewithdisabilitiestraveltodifferentcountries.SusanSygall,whousesawheelchairherself,leadsanorganizationcalledMobilityInternationalUSA,andhastraveledtomorethantwenty-fivecountriestotalkabouttherightsofpeoplewithdisabilities.Shesayspeoplewithdisabilitiesareallmembersofaglobalfamilyandworkingtogetheracrossbordersisthemostpowerfulwayofmakingchanges.TheOlympicsandtheParalympicsare(65)TheOlympicsandtheParalympicsare(65) buttheyhavealwaysbeenheldinthesameyearandalsointhesamecitysince1988whentheInternationalOlympicCommitteeandtheInternationalParalympicCommitteesignedanagreementin2001to(66) .TheParalympicGamesgrewoutofasportscompetitionorganizedbyadoctornamed(67) inEnglandformeninjuredinWorldWarII.In1952,itbecamean andin1960,thefirstParalympicswereheldinRomeforpeoplewhomayhavephysicalormentallimitationsormaybeblindorinwheelchairs.The(69) wasstartedin1968intheUnitedStatesbyEuniceKennedyShriverjustforchildrenandadultswithmentallimitationsandtohelppeoplewithdisabilitiesplaysportsandenjoyotheractivities,many(70) founded,suchasthePowerWheelchairRacingAssociation,theNationalAbilityCenterandMobilityInternationalUSA.PartIVCloze(15minutes,15SectionA:Thereare5blanksinthepassage.Usethewordgivenontherightsidetoformawordthatfitsineachblank.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.MariaCallaswasoneofthebest-knownoperasingersintheworld,whobecamefamousinternationallyforherbeautifulvoiceandintense(71) andtherecordingsofhersingingthewell-knownoperasremainverypopularMariaCallaswasborninNewYorkCityin1923andherrealnamewasMariaKalogeropoulous.HerparentswereGreekandwhenshewasfourteen,sheandhermotherreturnedtoGreece,whereMariastudiedsingingatthenationalconservatoryinAthensandthewell-knownopera ElviradeHidalgochoseMariaasherstudent.In1941,whenshewas17,MariaCallas

paidtosinginamajoroperaforthefirsttime.Shesangthe(73) roleinseveraloperasinAthensduringthenextthreeyears.In1943,CallaswasinvitedtoperforminItaly,whichwastherealbeginningofherprofessionasanoperasinger.Sheperformedmajorpartsinseveralofthemost(74) operas.In1949,shemarriedanItalian(75) yearsolderandbecameheradviserandSectionB:Thereare10blanksinthepassage.Foreachblank,somelettersofthewordhasbeengiven(notexceeding3letters).Readthepassagebelowandthinkofthewordwhichbestfitseachblank.Useonlyonewordineachblank.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Autismisageneral forgroupofbraindisordersthatlimitthedevelopmentofsocialandcommunicationwhich(77) autismspectrumdisorders.Expertssayautismispermanentandcannotbecured.Buttherearewaystotreatitthattheysay severity,andtheacademysaystheearliertreatmentbegins,

the ThemedicalgroupreleasedtworeportsMondaywithdetailedinformationtohelp autism.ChrisattheUniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenterinSanAntoniowasoneoftheauthors,whosaysdoctorsshouldlookforofautismwhenthey(81) ateighteenmonthsand

twenty-fourDoctorstraditionally(82) possibilityofautismonlyifachildshows orrepetitivebehaviors.Thesemaybeclearsignsofit,buttheyusuallydonotappearuntilachildistwoorthreeyearsold.Parentscouldansweralistofwrittenquestionsabouttheirbaby,andthenthedoctorcould(84)testsassimpleasobservingthebaby'sabilitytosayfailingtowatchamovingobjectmaybeasignofautism.Doctorsandparentscanalsolookforbehaviorsthatarenormalinbabiesunderoneyearofage.Forexample,doesthebabyappearto(85) toaparent'svoice?Doesthebabymakeeyecontact?Doesthebabywaveorpointatthings?

PartVTranslation(15minutes,15SectionA(8Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesofthefollowingpassageintoChinese.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.WhenyoutalkaboutChinaandIndia'sseeminglyunstoppablegrowth,nobody'ssurprised.Afterall,theincreasingeconomicstrengthofthetwocountrieshasdominatedthenewsforthepastfewyears.ButbothChinaandIndiafacesomesubstantialdemographichurdlestocontinuedexpansion.Despitethebillion-pluscitizensofeachcountry,bothmaysimplylacksufficientqualifiedworkers.Chinaisarapidlyagingsocietywhosecurrentchallengesofunemploymentandoverpopulationwill,withinadecade,shifttodifferentproblems:laborshortagesandanelderlypopulationwithtoofewchildren.Infact,Chinamaybethefirstcountrytogograybeforeitreachesdevelopedstatus.TheWorldBankestimatesthatby2020themainlandwillfacealackofevenunskilledlaborduetoaging.Chinaisalreadyfacingashortageofskilledlabor.Constructionsiteslackwelders,skilledmachineoperators,andplumbers.Andarecentreportsaidthecountryisshortsome750,000managers.Despitea95%literacyrateThisisinpartduetoalackofschoolsthatcombinebasictheorywithpracticalskillsandafocusonpassingtheeliteuniversityexams.Sodespiterisingsalaries,manyofthoseenteringChina'sworkforcecannotlearntheskillstheyneed.Indiaseemstohaveanageadvantage,withhalfitspopulationunder25.Inthelongrun,thisgivesthemtheupperhand.Butatpresent,IndiasharesChina'sproblemofaninsufficientlyeducatedworkforce.CitigroupreportsthatIndia'stalentpoolisn'tdeepenoughtomeetdemandinindustriesincludingtextiles,aviation,telecom,retail,andengineering.Bysomeothermeasures,bothcountrieslookprettygood.Chinagraduatesabout1.7millionstudentsfrom1,500collegesanduniversitiesannually,ofwhom350,000areengineers.Indiaproducesabout3millioncollegeanduniversitygraduates,including440,000engineers.Thosenumbers,though,don'ttellthewholestory.(88)Only10%to25%oftheseoflanguagechallenges,whicheveryhumanresourcesexecutiveI'vemetwhoworksinChinaorIndiaagreeswith.Thesourceoftheproblemiscultural.Youngpeopleinthesecountriesarehighlymotivatedtostudyandlearn,butonlyintheory.Thereisnotraditionofpracticalapplication.Soengineersdon'tgointooperations,factories,ormines,anddon'treallyknowthemachinesandconditionsforwhichtheyaredesigningprocesses.(89)ChineseandIndianstudentswhohavejustearnedBAswanttopursueMBAsrightaway,andneithertheynortheirparentsunderstandthevalueofpractical