Unit2词汇讲解-2024年高考英语一轮复习夯实基础（北师大版2019）

2024年高考英语一轮复习夯实基础(北师大版2019)

必修BooklUnit2词汇讲解1.prefer”.更喜欢［先做］—单句语法填空①(2022•全国乙卷满分作文)Halfofthestudentssurveyedprefertolearn(learn)EnglishbywatchingEnglishmovies.②(2022•全国乙卷满分作文)Moststudents,thatistosay65%,haveapreference(prefer)forEnglishsongs,withhalfofthestudentskeenonwatchingEnglishmovies.［后教］(1)prefertodosth. 更喜欢做某事prefersth.tosth. 相比某物更喜欢某物preferdoingsth.todoingsth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事(2)prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.］宁愿做某woulddosth.ratherthandosth.；事而不愿wouldratherdosth.thandosth.J做某事(2)(3)preferencen.(3)preferencen.偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物haveapreferencefor 偏爱；特别喜爱［佳句背诵］ThereasonwhyIprefertheclassicalmusicisthatitalwaysremindsmeofthesplendidtraditionalChineseculture.我更喜欢古典音乐的原因是它总是让我想起灿烂的中国传统文化。［名师点津］prefer不用于进行时；不可与比较级连用。peoplearoundtheworldwerewatchingher.②(2022・全国甲卷)Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing(amaze).［后教］(l)beamazedat...对(l)beamazedat...对 感到惊讶beamazedtodosth.吃惊地做某事beamazedtodosth.吃惊地做某事amazementn.惊奇(2)inamazementamazementn.惊奇(2)inamazement惊奇地toone'samazement令某人惊奇的是toone'samazement令某人惊奇的是使惊讶(3)amazevt.使惊讶amazesb.使某人吃惊amazesb.(4)amazing如/.令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的［佳句背诵］Itisreallyamazingthatweshouldhavesomuchincommon.HowIwishIcouldhavemoreopportunitiestocommunicatewithyou!我们竟然有这么多共同点，真是太神奇了。我多么希望能有更多的机会和你交流!（2022•浙江卷1月满分作文）［名师点津］表示“惊奇”的词语，程度由强到弱依次为：shock-astonish-amazefsurpriseoingood/badshape健康状况良好/不佳［先做］——补全句子①Hekeepstoomanythingsinhispockets,sohissuitlooksbadlyoutofshape（变形）.（2）Afterthesurgery,myfellowclassmatewasgraduallyiegoodshape（逐渐地健康了）.③Tomalwaysgoesjogginginthemorningandheusuallydoespush-upstokeepinshape(保持体形).shape(保持体形).［后教］(l)intheshapeof...outofshapekeepinshape(2)shapesth.beshapedlike以……形状健康状况不好；变形保持体形影响/决定某物形状像［佳句背诵］Thehouseisunusualforitsroofintheshapeofstairs这座房子的独特之处在于阶梯形的屋顶。tryoutfor参加选拔；争取成为(团队的一员)［先做］—单句语法填空/单句改错①Thesalesgirlwaspatientandaskedmetotryonasmallercoat.②Itriedtopersuade(persuade)himtogiveuptheplan,butinvain.③Conceptcarsareawayfordesignerstotrytheirideasonthepublicwithcompletefreedom.在try后力口out［后教］tryout 试验；测试；试用(某人)tryforsth. 试图获得；争取tryon 试穿trytodo... 努力/试图做尝试做trydoing...尝试做［佳句背诵］IknewfromtheInternetthatyouwantsomestudentstoserveasspokesmenfortheanimalstheylike.Iwouldliketotryoutfortheactivity.我从网上得知你们想招募一些学生作他们喜欢的动物的代言人，我愿意报名参加。背诵点书面表达之申请信payoff成功；有回报；奏效；达到目的；还清；解雇［先做］—单句语法填空/单句改错①（2022•全国乙卷）Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?②Borrowingmoneyfromfriendswouldn'taffectyourrelationships,ifyouremembertopayoffassoonaspossible,offfback［后教］付钱（买）；付钱（买）；支付还钱；偿还；报复参观；拜访注意；留心paybackpayavisittopayattentionto［佳句背诵］Isuggestyoushouldpaymoreattentiontoyourhandwriting,whichcanhelpyouimproveyourgrades.我建议你多注意书写，这会帮助你提高成绩。背诵点书面表达之建议信16.takeadvantageof利用［先做］——补全句子①（2021•全国乙卷满分作文）However,onlinelearninghasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages（有利也有弊）.②OnceyouhaveagoodcommandofEnglish,youwillhaveanadvantageoverothers（比其他人有优势）whenyouhuntforajob.［后教］（l）advantagesanddisadvantages 利与弊haveanadvantageover 胜过，优于（2）makeuseof 利用makethemostof 充分利用［佳句背诵］Takingadvantageoffreetimetorideabikeisofgreatbenefittoourhealthaswellastheenvironment.利用空闲时间骑自行车对我们的健康和环境都有很大的好处。背诵点书面表达之环境保护单元重点句型.状语从句的省略（教材原句）Anddon'tdrinktoomuchwhilerunning,orit'llmakeyoufeelsick.在跑步期间不要喝太多水，否则你会感到不舒服。洗做］——单句语法填空©Whilekept（keep）withinitsduebounds,itisbothbeautifulanduseful.②（2021•全国甲卷）Inmyopinion,when/wheneverintrouble,weshouldseekhelpfromthosewetrustmost.［后教］状语从句省略的条件：(1)状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it;(2)状语从句谓语中含有be动词。［佳句背诵］Althoughyoung,shewascalmandconfidentonthestage.虽然很年轻，但她在舞台上冷静自信。［名师点津］对状语从句的省略的考查主要是判断连词后面用哪种非谓语形式，做题时关键是要弄清楚省略结构中的动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾关系用过去分词。with复合结构(教材原句)EstebanhadbeencyclingashardashecouldforhoursandwiththeHnishinglineinsightallthecyclistsbegantospeeduptocrossit.埃斯特班已经尽最大努力骑了好几个小时，终点线就在眼前，所有的自行车运动员开始加速通过终点。［先做］一单句语法填空/单句改错①Withsomuchworktodo(do),IwassoanxiousthatIhadtroublesleeping.②Withmoreandmoreforestsdamaging,someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.damagingfdamaged［后教］with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为：(1)with+宾语+介词短语/形容词/副词;(2)with+宾语+doing,表示主动或进行；(3)with+宾语+done,表示被动或完成；(4)with+宾语+todo,表示将来的动作。［佳句背诵］(l)Withallthepreparationsmade,hejumpedwithjoy,hiseyesglitteringwithexcitement.完成了所有的准备工作，他高兴地跳了起来，眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。(2)Withtearsofjoyinhereyes,shewitnessedherdaughter'swedding.她热泪盈眶地见证了女儿的婚礼。while表示对比(教材原句)NavarrohadletEstebanfinishinthirdplace,whilehecamefourth.纳瓦罗让埃斯特班获得了第三名，而他获得了第四名。［先做］——写出下列句中while的含义①(2022•全国甲卷)WhileIwasthrilledthathewasananimallover,Iworriedthatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattackFlora,thecat.虽然；尽管②(2022•全国乙卷满分作文)ThepercentofthestudentswholistentoEnglishsongsisashighas65%.50%ofthemwatchEnglishmovieswhileonly18%readEnglishbooks.然而，可是③(2022・d匕京卷)OneMondaymorning,whilethechildrenwereenjoying"freeplay”,Isteppedtothedoorwayoftheclassroomtotakeabreak.当的时】矣［后教］(1)作并列连词时，意为“然而”，表示前后分句的对比；(2)引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……的时候、在……时”，状语从句的省略形式为whiledoing/done,意为“当做/被时“；(3)引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)时，表示转折，意为“虽然、尽管“，不能与but连用，但可与yet/still连用。［佳句背诵］Manycountrypeoplearebeginningtoworkandliveinbigcities,whilemanycitypeoplearecomingtothecountrysideforaquietandpeacefullife.许多农村人开始到大城市里工作和生活，然而许多城里人却正到农村去享受宁静的乡村生活。desiren.&”渴望［先做］—单句语法填空①YoungpeoplehaveastrongerdesireforabetterlifeandaremoreskilledinusingtheInternettolookforbusinessopportunities.②Wedesirethatimmediatehelp(should)begivee(give)tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.［后教］Jtodosth.迫切想要做某事(l)haveastrongdesirei …”'［forsth.渴望得到某物(2)desiretodosth. 渴望做某事desiresb.todosth. 希望某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth. 希望做某事［佳句背诵］KnowingyouhaveastrongdesiretolearnChinesewell,Pdliketoofferyousomesuggestions.=KnowingyoudesiretolearnChinesewell,I'dliketoofferyousomesuggestions.得知你很想学好汉语，我想给你提供一些建议。背诵点 书面表达之建议信defence〃.防守队员，后卫；保卫，防御；辩护［先做］—单句语法填空/单句改错①Itisthenatureofamothertodoallshecantodefendherchildfrom/againstharmanddanger.②Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasifdefence.^defence前力口in［后教］保护；保卫；（为……）辩护为某人辩护保护；保卫；（为……）辩护为某人辩护保护；保卫；防守；辩解保护……以免受为自己辩护；自卫inone*sdefence(2)defendvt.defend...from/againstdefendoneself［佳句背诵］ThelawyersareallowedtodefendthemselvesincourtaccordingtoChineselaw.根据中国法律，律师被允许在法庭上为自己辩护。relieve”.减轻，缓解［先做］—单句语法填空①(2020•天5拿卷5月)一Youseemtobeinareallygoodmood.一Ifinishedmylasttesttoday.Whatarelief!NowI'mfree.②(2020•浙江卷7月)Thankgoodness!Wesucceededinclimbingontothehelicopter,gaspingwith/inrelief.③(2020•江苏卷)Qualitycountslessthanattitudeandeffort—evenastupidjokecanrelieveothersofriskandembarrassment.［后教］(l)relievesb.of... 缓和/减轻某人的(2)reliefn.减轻，缓解；安慰；救济toone*srelief令某人感到欣慰的是toone*sreliefwith/inrelief 欣慰地，宽慰地Itisarelieftodosth. 做某事是放心的/舒心的。(3)relievedadj.宽慰的；欣慰的［佳句背诵］Afterhisterrifyingadventure,Macfeltrelievedwhenhereachedhomesafetohislovingfamily.在经历了可怕的冒险之后，麦克安全地回到了亲爱的家人身边，感到如释重负。particular〃.尤其，特别特定的［先做］一单句语法填空/单句改错①Tomisaveryopen-mindedman,andwon'tbeparticularaboutsmallthings.②IamparticulargoodatspokenEnglishandhaveadeepunderstandingofculturesofourcity,whichwillgreatlyhelpmedothejob.particulaLparticularly［后教］对……讲究/挑剔特地做某事对……讲究/挑剔特地做某事尤其；特别beparticulartodosth.(2)inparticular=particularly［佳句背诵］AsfarasIknow,thiskindoffoodisrichinnutrition,anditcontainsalotofmineralsinparticular.据我所知，这种食物营养丰富，特别是含有大量的矿物质。［联想发散］表示“尤其；特别”的副词还有specially、especially等。benefit〃•好处，益处。.（使）受益；得益于［先做］单句语法填空［先做］单句语法填空it.it.①Youcanalsogoovertheknowledgeatthesametimeandyouaresuretobenefitfrom②(译林选必三U2)Thesescientificandtechnologicaladvancescanprovidebenefits(benefit)tosocietiesontheEarthinmanyareasincludinghealth,energyandinformationtechnology.［后教］(l)forthebenefitof...为了 的利益(l)forthebenefitof...为了 的利益(2)benefitfrom/by...从……中受益；得益于(3)beneficialadj.(3)beneficialadj.有利的；有帮助的beofgreatbenefitto...=beverybeneficialto...beofgreatbenefitto...=beverybeneficialto...对……非常有益（to为介词）［佳句背诵］Regulationsplacedclearobligationsonthelandlordforthebenefitofthetenant.为了租户的利益，条例给房东规定了明确的义务。［名师点津］benefitsb./sth.=beofbenefittosb./sth.=bebeneficialtosb./sth.对某人/某物有益；有益于某人/某物equipment〃.设备，装备［先做］一单句语法填空/单句改错①Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.②Thecompanyhasboughtalotofnewequipmentssincethenewmanagercametopower.equipmentsfequipmentpower.equipmentsfequipment［后教］(l)apieceofequipment(2)equipv.equip...with...beequippedwith...equipsb.forsth./todosth.一件设备装备；配备用……来装备……配有……使某人为（做）某事而准备；使某人具备（做）某事的条件［佳句背诵］Inmyview,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,themoreequippedforlifeyouare.在我看来，教育就是学习，你学得越多，你就越能适应生活。背诵点书面表达之建议信背诵点prevent”.预防；阻止，阻挡［先做］—单句语法填空①(2022•新高考全国卷I)TheelderlyresidentsincarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeeling(feel)lonely.②(2020•天津卷7月)Itpreventspeoplewhoarecutofffromsocietyfalling(fall)victimtocheaters.［后教］(l)prevent/stop...(from)doingsth.=keep...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事(2)preventionn.预防，防止［佳句背诵］Topreventsofttissueinjury,makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipmentwhenexercising.为避免软组织损伤，你要确保锻炼时穿合适的衣服，戴合适的装备。（译林光修二U2）［名师点津］prevent/stop/keep...fromdoingsth,用于被动语态时，其中的from均不可省略。amount〃•数量；总额q等于；合计；发展成为［先做］单句语法填空/单句改错［先做］单句语法填空/单句改错①Theamountofmoneyinhisbankaccountwas(be)sohugethattheauthorgotoverjoyed.②(2021•浙江卷6月)Itwastiringwork,butIlookedforwardtothepay,eventhoughIwasn'tsurehowmuchitwouldamountto.③Hugeamountsofinformationhaveupdatedinthepastminutes.在updated前力口been［后教］(l)theamountof...的数量(l)theamountof...的数量alarge/smallamountof+〃.[U]+o.(单数)large/smallamountsof+〃.[U]+o.(复数)(2)amountto共计，总计；等于，相当于[佳句背诵]Theamountofjunkfoodteenagerseatgoesupyearbyyear,whichgraduallyruinstheirhealth.青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上涨，这逐渐损害了他们的健康。［名师点津］只修饰不可数名词的词汇及短语还有agreatdealof>much等。satisfaction〃.满足，满意；令人满意的事［先做］—单句语法填空①(2022•浙江卷1月)Finally,myhardworkpaidoff—wewereawardedanA,whichgavemegreatsatisfaction(satisfy).②Tomysatisfaction,Igotasatisfying/satisfactoryresultoftheexam,whichmademymotherquitesatisfied,(satisfy)③(2020•天津卷7月)1thinkofonefriendwhocouldn'tarrangeflowerstosatisfy(satisfy)herself.［后教］(l)withsatisfactiontoone*ssatisfaction(2)satisfyvt.satisfyone*sneeds/demands(3)satisfiedadj.besatisfiedwith...(4)satisfyingadj.satisfactoryadj.满意地令某人满意的是使满意；使满足满足某人的需要