Unit4IntegratedskillsExtendedreadingProject高一英语学与练（译林版2020选择性）

第12讲选择性必修一Unit4Integratedskills&Extendedreading&Project目标任务目标任务课程标准学习目标围绕人与社会的主题语境，依托语篇，通过一系列英语学习活动，发展英语学科核心素养。综合运用听、说、读、看、写的技能，完成语言技能融合的活动。进行拓展阅读，通过观点表达等活动，进一步探究主题意义，获得对浪漫主义诗歌和浪漫主义诗人们的新认识，提升对文学艺术的鉴赏能力。和同学一起开展合作学习、探究学习，完成一项综合性、实践性活动。002预习导学（一）课前阅读：ReadRobertFrost’spoem“TheRoadNotTaken”.TheRoadNotTakenByRobertFrostTworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,AndsorryIcouldnottravelbothAndbeonetraveler,longIstoodAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldTowhereitbentintheundergrowth;Thentooktheother,asjustasfair,Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim,Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;ThoughasforthatthepassingthereHadwornthemreallyaboutthesame,AndboththatmorningequallylayInleavesnostephadtroddenblack.Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,IdoubtedifIshouldevereback.IshallbetellingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshence:Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI—Itooktheonelesstraveledby,Andthathasmadeallthedifference.《未选择的路》是一首哲理抒情诗，它表面平易，实则蕴含深邃的哲理；看似倾诉个人经历，实则表达人们的共同感受。在这首诗里，弗罗斯特抓住林中岔道这一具体形象，用比喻的手法引起人们丰富生动的联想，烘托出人生岔路这样具有哲理寓意的象征。诗人选择的是人们司空见惯的林中岔道，来阐发如何抉择人生道路这一生活哲理。诗人以含蓄清新、别具匠心的艺术风格再现出优美的自然风光，并且通过对自然景物的描写，反映人们内心深处的情感波澜。诗还注意引起人们的联想，把理性与情感融于一首短诗之中，深化了这首诗的意蕴．给人以丰富的启迪。诗人是通过优美的意境创造和浓郁的抒情表达把哲理隐含其中并传递给读者的。在这首诗中，诗人以朴素自然的语言和韵律来表现自己对人生的思索。这种质朴无华的风格使这首诗如夏夜里清凉柔和的风，洋溢着清新自然的情趣，给人一种沁人心脾之感。阅读完上面的诗歌，请回答下面两个问题：问题1：WhatisRobertFrost’swritingstylelike?①Honest②Direct问题2：Whatwasthedifficultpaththepoettook?Continuingtowritepoemsthoughhispoeticcareerwasnotsuccessfulinthebeginning.接下来我们来了解一下我们中国伟大的诗人李白LiBai相关的背景知识：李白十几岁的诗歌中就展现出了浪漫主义的风格。而他从小热爱读书和旅行，而学习各种经典和不同流派不同的书籍使他获得了前辈的智慧。他所处的时代背景也造就了他的这种浪漫主义风格。中外许多诗人都从他的诗中获取灵感，而到今天仍有无数人喜爱他的诗歌。LiBaiandhisromanticpoetryItisbelievedthatthispoemwaswrittenbyLiBaiinhisteenageyears.Withstrikingimaginationinexpressionslike“scaringdwellersonhigh”,thisearlypoemalreadydisplayedsignsofaromanticstyle,whichwaslatertocharacterizeLiBai’spoetry.LiBai’sloveofreadingandtravellingfromanearlyagecontributedtohisromanticstyle.Hestartedstudyingtheclassicswhenhewasonlyfiveyearsold,andwasreadingancientphilosophersofdifferentschoolsattheageoften,includingConfucianismandTaoism.Byreadingbooksofallkinds,fromlegendstohistoricalstories,hefamiliarizedhimselfwithclassicalChineseculture,andmoreimportantly,heacquiredthewisdomofpreviousgenerations.Drivenbyaburningdesireforadventureandtravel,LiBailefthomeandstartedtotravelaroundinhisearlytwenties.Hisfootstepscoveredalmostthewholecountry.Duringhistravels,hevisitedfamousmountainsandgreatrivers,encounteringdifferentcustomsandpractices.Thesetravellingexperiencesalsonourishedhisloveofnatureandinspiredhimtowritenumerouspoemsintheromanticstyle.LiBai’sromanticstylewasalsodeeplyrootedinthesocialandhistoricalcontextinwhichhelived.LiBaigrewupinthemostgloriousperiodoftheTangDynasty,Exploringpoetry510152053atimeofeconomicboomandsocialstability.ThisopenandtolerantatmosphereallowedLiBaithelibertytodevelopafreeandunconstrainedpersonality,which,inturn,hadahugeimpactonhispoeticproduction.Givenhispersonalexperiencesandthehistoricalbackground,itisonlynaturaltoseethatthemajorityofLiBai’spoemsarecharacterizedbytheromanticstyle.Eventhemostuninformedreaderwouldnotfailtobeimpressedbythepoet’srichimagination.Themoonandstarsinthesky,thenaturallandscapeandthefiguresinlegendsallbeeavehicleforhisimagination.EquallyimpressiveisLiBai’sfreeexpressionofstrongfeelings,whichbreathesvitalityintothelifelessobjectshedescribes,andwhichdistinguisheshimfromotherlandscapepoets.ThesefeaturesareinseparablefromLiBai’swideuseofexaggeration,metaphorandotherartistictechniques.Thepoembelow,writteninhisfifties,isrepresentativeofhisromanticstyle:Mysilverhairisthreethousandfeetlong,Becausemysorrowisdeepandstrong.HowcantheautumnfrostwhiteBecastintothemirrorbright?(“AutumnFrost”)Withhisextraordinaryimagination,freeexpressionofstrongfeelingsandmasteryoflanguage,LiBaiiswidelyrecognizedasthegreatestromanticpoetafterQuYuan.Generationsofpoets,bothinChinaandabroad,oweadebttohisinspirationalpoems.OnesuchpoetisEzraPound,a20thcenturyAmericanpoet.HewasfascinatedbyLiBai’spoemsandtranslatedsomeoftheminhis1915poetrycollectionentitledCathay.TodayLiBai’spoetrycontinuestobeenjoyedbycountlessreadersaroundtheworld.（二）基础梳理1.anovelfeature新特征Thecorona19isanovelvirus.breakwithsth与某事终止关联，破除Timecallsforabosswillingtobreakwitholdhabits.breakawayfrom摆脱，逃脱breakdown(机器，车辆等)出故障，抛锚；失败；(身体)垮掉；情不自禁的哭起来breakinto闯入；突然开始（笑、唱等）；成功参与；顺利打入breakoff中断；折断；突然停止breakout(战争，疾病，灾难等)突然爆发breakthrough突破；攻克；挣脱而出breakup打碎；结束；散开，解散；(学校)期中放假；变得虚弱3.industrializationn.工业化→industryn.工业;行业→industrialadj.工业的;产业的4.advocatev.拥护，支持，提倡n.拥护者，支持者，辩护律师advocate(doing)sth.提倡（做）某事advocate+that从句(从句要用should型虚拟语气)提倡......anadvocateof...一个......的拥护者Manyexpertsadvocaterewardingyourchildforgoodbehaviour.很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。Thereportadvocatedthatallbuildings(should)befittedwithsmokedetectors.报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。

5→unbelievableadj.难以置信的beliefinsth/sb相信；信心Iadmirehispassionatebeliefinwhatheisdoing.我佩服他对自己的工作所抱的坚定信心。beliefinGod/democracy对上帝╱民主的笃信beliefthat...看法；信念Sheactedinthebeliefthatshewasdoinggood.她这么做是因为她认定自己是在做好事。Contrarytopopularbelief,hewasnotresponsibleforthetragedy.大家的看法相反，对这出悲剧没有责任。religious/politicalbeliefs宗教╱政治信仰6.bend(bentbent)（使）倾斜，偏向;（使四肢等）弯曲;把…弄弯（或折起）;（使）拐弯，弯曲Shebentforwardtopickupthenewspaper.她弯腰去捡报纸。Bendyourknees,keepingyourbackstraight.膝盖弯曲，背部挺直。Hebentthewireintotheshapeofasquare.他把铁丝折成正方形。Theroadbentsharplytotheright.路向右急转弯。bentadj.弯曲的；弯腰的，驼背的；（非正式）不诚实的；决心的bebentondoingsth决心要做，一心想做Sheseemsbentonmakinglifedifficultforme.她似乎专门和我过不去。7.claimv.宣称，声称；要求；索取；赢得，获得；引起（注意）；夺去（生命）；索赔（钱财）n.声称，宣称；所有权；索赔Idon'tclaimtobeanexpert.我不敢自称为专家。Itwasclaimedthatsomedoctorswereworking80hoursaweek.据说有些医生每周工作80小时。Alotoflostpropertyisneverclaimed.许多失物从未被认领。He'snotentitledtoclaimunemploymentbenefit.他无权要求领取失业救济金。Amostunweleeventclaimedhisattention.一件最讨厌的事情需要他去考虑。Shehasfinallyclaimedaplaceontheteam.她终于成了那支队的队员。Thecarcrashclaimedthreelives.那次撞车事故导致三人死亡。8.henceadv.因此；今后Wesuspecttheyaretryingtohidesomething,hencetheneedforanindependentinquiry.我们怀疑他们在企图隐瞒什么事，因此有必要进行独立调查。9.darev.敢于，胆敢；激（某人做某事）Hedidn'tdare(to)saywhathethought.他不敢说出他的想法。Theydaren'taskforanymoremoney.他们不敢再要钱了。Shedarednotbreatheawordofittoanybody.她对任何人都只字不敢提及此事。Someoftheolderboyshaddaredhimtodoit.几个大男孩激他，问他敢不敢干这事。don'tyoudare!让人绝不要做某事）你敢，谅你不敢Don'tyoudaresayanythingtoanybody.谅你不敢对任何人提起这事儿。howdareyou,etc.（表示气愤）你竟然，你竟敢Howdareyoutalktomelikethat?你竟敢这样对我说话？HowdaresheimplythatIwaslying?她竟敢暗示我在撒谎？Idaresay我想；很可能；大概Idaresayyouknowaboutitalready.你大概已经知道了

10.characterizevt.是…的特征,以…为典型;使…具有特点;描述,刻画→charactern.特性;品质;符号;人物→characteristicn.特点;特性;品质adj.典型的;特有的therollinghillsthatcharacterizethispartofEngland成为英格兰这一地区特征的绵延起伏的丘陵地Thecityischaracterizedbytallmodernbuildingsinsteelandglass.这座城市的特点是钢铁和玻璃建造的现代化高楼大厦林立。characterizesb/sth(assth)描述，刻画，表现（…的特征、特点）activitiesthatarecharacterizedas‘male’or‘female’work被描述为“男性”或“女性”工作的各种活动。11.encounterv.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇；碰到n.相遇，遭遇，冲突Weencounteredanumberofdifficultiesinthefirstweek.我们在第一周遇到了一些困难。Ihadneverencounteredsuchresistancebefore.我以前从未遇到过这么大的阻力Thestorydescribestheextraordinaryencounterbetweenamanandadolphin.这个故事描述了一个男人与一只海豚之间的奇遇。countern.柜台；对立面；计数器；vt.反击，还击；反驳underthecounter秘密地，暗地里，非法地

12.gloriousadj.荣耀的,光荣的;壮丽的,辉煌的→gloryn.光荣;荣誉;赞颂;壮丽13.boomn.（贸易和经济活动的）繁荣v.迅速发展，激增，繁荣；轰鸣，轰响aboomincarsales汽车销售额的剧增Bythe1980s,theputerindustrywasbooming.到20世纪80年代时，计算机行业迅猛发展。Outside,thunderboomedandcrashed.外面雷声隆隆，霹雳炸响。

14.

15.tolerantadj.宽容的,容忍的;能耐…的→tolerancen.宽容;容忍;忍耐力→toleratev.容忍,允许betolerantof容忍，忍受toleratedoing...容忍做某事Theplantsaretolerantoffrost.这些植物耐霜Sherefusedtotoleratebeingcalledaliar.她拒不接受被称为撒谎者。16.distinguishvt.&vi.成为......的特征，使有别于；区分；辨别；认出；使出众distinguishAfromB=distinguishbetweenAandB区分A和BAtwhatagearechildrenabletodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong?儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？Itwashardtodistinguishonetwinfromtheother.很难分辨出一对孪生儿谁是谁。Whatwasitthatdistinguishedherfromherclassmates?是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？Shehasalreadydistinguishedherselfasanathlete.作为运动员她已享有盛名distinguishedadj.卓越的，著名的；高贵的，受尊重的adistinguishedcareerinmedicine在医学领域的辉煌生涯Ithinkgreyhairmakesyoulookverydistinguished.我认为灰白的头发使你看上去很有尊严。

17.representativeadj.典型的,有代表性的n.典型人物,代表性人物;代表→representvt.展现;展示;代表→representationn.描述;表现arepresentativeof.........的代表represent...as...把......描绘成......representsbtodosth代表某人做某事representtosbsth向某人传达某事arepresentativeoftheUN联合国代表Thepaintingisnotrepresentativeofhisworkoftheperiod.这幅画不是他在那个时期的代表作。Thepetitionattractedover500contestantsrepresenting8differentcountries.这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。Theriskswererepresentedasnegligible.他们把风险说得微不足道。18.castvt.投射;向......投以（视线、笑容等）;投，抛；选派角色n.全体演员；投，抛Shecastawelingsmileinhisdirection.她向他微笑以示欢迎。Thesettingsuncastanorangeglowoverthemountains.橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。castdoubton/uponsth使人怀疑Thislatestevidencecastsseriousdoubtonhisversionofevents.最新的证据使人们十分怀疑他对事件的说法。ThepricelesstreasureshadbeencastintotheNile.价值连城的珍宝被扔进了尼罗河。TheplayisbeingcastinboththeUSandBritain.目前正在英美两国挑选这部戏的演员。Hehascastherasanambitiouslawyerinhislatestmovie.他选定她在他最近的一部影片里扮演一名雄心勃勃的律师。19.owevt.欠；感激；应给予；应该把……归功于owesbsth/owesthtosb欠（债）,欠（账）;欠（情）Shestillowesherfather￡3000.=Shestillowes￡3000toherfather.她还欠她父亲3000英镑。Ioweadebtofgratitudetoallmyfamily.我很感激我的全家人。Youowemeafavour!你还欠我个人情哪！Ithinkyouoweusanexplanation.我认为你应当给我们一个解释。owesthtosb/sth归因于；归功于；起源于Heoweshissuccesstohardwork.他的成功是靠勤奋工作。

20.fascinatevt.&vi.深深吸引,迷住→fascinatedadj.极感兴趣的;入迷的→fascinatingadj.迷人的→fascinationn.魅力;极大的吸引力;入迷Chinahasalwaysfascinatedme.中国一直令我心驰神往。Itwasaquestionthathadfascinatedhimsincehewasaboy.这是他自幼就着迷的问题。I'vealwaysbeenfascinatedbyhisideas.我总是对他的想法极感兴趣。afascinatingstory/subject迷人的故事；趣味无穷的话题It'sfascinatingtoseehowdifferentpeopleapproachtheproblem.看到不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。21.entitlev.给（某人）权利（或资格）；给……题名；称呼beentitledtosth使享有权利；使符合资格Youwillbeentitledtoyourpensionwhenyoureach65.你到65岁就有资格享受养老金。Everyone'sentitledtotheirownopinion.人人都有权发表自己的意见。22.blamevt.责备；归咎于n.责备；责任；过失blamesbforsth因某事责备某人blamesthonsb把某事归咎于某人betoblamefor因某事而受到责备；（对坏事）负有责任Shedoesn'tblameanyoneforherfather'sdeath.她没把她父亲的死归罪于任何人。Policeareblamingtheaccidentondangerousdriving.警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。Whichdriverwastoblamefortheaccident?哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者23.allowancen.津贴，补助；零用钱；允许；限额makeallowancefor考虑到，估计到;体谅；谅解Theplanmakesnoallowanceforpeopleworkingatdifferentrates.这个计划没有把人们工作速度不同考虑在内。anallowanceof$20aday每天20元补贴aclothing/living/travelallowance服装╱生活╱交通补贴abaggageallowanceof20kilos行李限重20公斤（三）预习作业预习内容无，本册书已经讲解完毕。003探究提升环节一变：单词拼写1.Wearenowinagreate________________ofinformation.2.Thetallgirlb________________overtopickuphisbookfromthefloor.3.Nowadays,healthylifestylesarebeinga________________(倡导)insociety.4.Somenewsoldiershaven’tbeenusedtother____________discipline/rulesofthearmy.5.Thetownwasbuiltamongthehills,h____________thenameHilltown.6.Manypeopleholdafirm________________(信念)thatthecureforcancerwillbefoundoneday.7.Sofarnobodyhas________________(认领)themoneydiscoveredinthelibrary.8.__________(理想)arelikethestarsweneverreachthem,butlikesailors,wechartourcoursebythem.9.Duetotheeconomicdepression,theItalianindustrialproductionis__________(经历)aperiodofdecline.10.Mycousinlivesinadifferentschool________________(地区)frommine.【答案】1era2bent3advocated4rigid5hence6belief7claimed8Ideals9undergoing10district环节二变：单句语法填空1.Chinastickstoitschoiceofpath,butisnever____________(rigid)opposedtochange.2.Theyshowrespectforeachotherinspiteofdifferent________________(belief).3.Thelittleboyis_______________(bend)onbeingapolicemanwhenhegrowsup.4.Ourschooldoesn'tadvocatestudents________________(stay)intheclassroomtoolongbecausestudentsshouldhavetimeforsports. 5.Iholdthefirmbelief________________withthejointeffortsofbothteachersandstudents,ourschoolwillbeeamoreenjoyableplaceinthenearfuture.6.Anaccidenthappenedatthecornerofthestreet,________________(claim)3livesand5injured.7.Aman________________(claim)torepresenteveryminoritygroupinthecitywontheelectionformayor.8.Heclaimed________________(badly,treat)inthesupermarket.9.ChinahasalmostthesamesizeastheUSAbutitspopulationissixtimeslargerthan________oftheUSA.10.Someteenagersarenotawareofthedangerouseffectofdrugabuse________theirphysicalandmentalhealth.【答案】1rigidly2beliefs3bent4staying5that6claiming7claiming8tohavebeenbadlytreated9that10upon/on环节三变：阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Studentshaveresponsibilitytolearnwellandpaymoreattentiontolearning.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiven,__1__(instruct)expectstudentstobefamiliar___2___informationinthereadingeveniftheydonotdiscussitinclassortakeanexamination.Theidealstudent____3___(consider)tobeonewhoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeoflearningnottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghigh__4____(grade).Sometimeshomeworkisreturnedwithbrief__5___(write)mentsbutwithoutagrade.Evenifagradeisnotgiven,thestudentisresponsibleforlearningthematerialdistributed.Whenresearchisdistributed,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeit__6____(active)andtopleteitwithminimumguidance.Itisthestudents’responsibilitytofindbooksinthelibrary.Professorsdonothavethetime_7____(explain)howauniversitylibraryworks.Professorswillhelpstudents___8_____needthem,butpreferthattheirstudentsshouldnotbetoodependentonthem.IntheUnitedStates,professorshavemanyotherdutiesbesides___9___(teach),suchasregulativeorresearchwork.Therefore,thetimethataprofessorcanspendwithastudentoutsideofclassislimited.Ifastudenthasproblemswithclassroomwork,thestudentshouldeitherapproachaprofessorduringofficehours___10____makeanappointment.【答案】instructorswithisconsideredgradeswrittenactivelytoexplainwhoteachingor004体系构建1.掌握本章节的重点词汇：1.掌握本章节的重点词汇：novelistindustrializationadvocatebeliefbendclaimencountergloriousstabilitytolerantdistinguishdistinguishedrepresentativecastfascinateentitleblameallowanceRobertFrost的诗歌“TheRoadNotTaken”——《未选择的路》唐代著名诗人李白LiBai的相关背景知识005记忆清单一、重点词汇词性拓展1.2.industrializationn.工业化industryn.工业;行业industrialadj.工业的;产业的3.advocatev.拥护，支持，提倡n.拥护者，支持者，辩护律师advocate(doing)sth.提倡（做）......4.belief信仰;相信,信心unbelievableadj.难以置信的5.bendvt.（使）倾斜，偏向;（使四肢等）弯曲;把…弄弯（或折起）;（使）拐弯，弯曲(bentbent)6.claimv.宣称，声称；要求；索取；赢得，获得；引起（注意）；夺去（生命）；索赔（钱财）n.声称，宣称；所有权；索赔Itwasclaimedthat.......据说..........7.characterizevt.是…的特征,以…为典型;使…具有特点;描述,刻画charactern.特性;品质;符号;人物characteristicn.特点;特性;品质adj.典型的;特有的8.encounterv.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇；碰到encounterv.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇；碰到countern.柜台；对立面；计数器vt.反击，还击；反驳9.gloriousadj.荣耀的,光荣的;壮丽的,辉煌的gloryn.光荣;荣誉;赞颂;壮丽10.stabilityn.稳定(性),稳固(性)stableadj.稳定的;沉稳的s11.tolerantadj.宽容的,容忍的;能耐…的tolerancen.宽容;容忍;忍耐力toleratev.容忍,允许12.distinguishvt.&vi.成为......的特征，使有别于；区分；辨别；认出；使出众13.distinguishedadj.卓越的，著名的；高贵的，受尊重的14.representativeadj.典型的,有代表性的n.典型人物,代表性人物;代表representvt.展现;展示;代表representationn.描述;表现15.castvt.投射;向......投以（视线、笑容等）;投，抛；选派角色castcastcast16.fascinatevt.&vi.深深吸引,迷住fascinatedadj.极感兴趣的;入迷的17.entitlev.给（某人）权利（或资格）；给……题名beentitledtosth使享有权利；使符合资格18.blamevt.责备；归咎于n.责备；责任；过失同义词：charge/accuse19.allowancen.津贴，补助；零用钱；允许；限额makeallowancefor考虑到，估计到;体谅；谅解二、词组集锦1.haveanimpacton

2.ratherthan

3.getacrossto

4.inone'seyes

5.familiarizeoneselfwith

6.berootedin

7.makeallowancefor

8.meetwith【答案】与某事终止关联,破除2.对…有影响3.而不是4.被传达给…;被…理解5.在某人看来6.使自己熟悉…7.由……产生;根源在于…8.体谅;考虑到,估计到00601强化训练一、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Parentsofchildrenandteenswhoplayfootballmayworryabouttheirbodiesgettinginjury.Youngerfootballplayershavethelowestchanceofinjury.36Therefore，it’snecessaryforplayerstoknowtherulesofplayingfootballwhethertheyareyoungorold.Thefollowingcanbeusedtoreducethechanceofinjurieswhileplayersarestillenjoyingthegame.37TheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsadvisesplayersandtheirfamiliestalkaboutwhethertherisksofinjuryoutweighthebenefitsofplayingfootball.Footballhasmanybenefits，includingregularexercise，learningtobepartofateam，andsocialgrowthanddevelopment.Familieswhodecidetoplaycantakestepstoreducethechancesofseriousinjury.Playbytherules.Whenplayersknowtherulesofthegame—what’slegalandwhat’snot—fewerinjurieshappen.38Forexample，playersshouldknowthatinfootballtheycan’tefrombehind，crashintoaplayer’slegs，andstealtheball.It’slegalandsafertogoaftertheballratherthantheplayer.Wearlegalequipment.39Becauseillegalequipmentleadstoseriousinjuriesoftheheadandneck.It’salsotheleadingcauseofsevereinjuriesinfootball，butremembertheprotectionoflegalequipmentdoesn’tdependonitsquantity.Getgoodtraining.Playersshouldlearntherightwaytouseatackle(装备)．40Correcttrainingcouldlowerinjuryforyoungerplayers.Olderplayerscouldbeatagreaterriskofinjuryiftheyfirstlearntouseatacklebutneverlearnthecorrectskill.A．Takestepstolowerfootballinjury.B．Weightherisksandbenefits.C．Themorelegalequipmentplayerswear，thelessinjurytheywillget.D．Legalequipmentcangivefootballplayersimportantprotection.E．Playersshouldknowwhattoexpectfromeachother.F．Doingthisandpracticingtheskillsoftenmakesureplayersarecorrectlytrained.G．Asplayersgetolder，strongerandfaster，thechanceofinjurygoesup.【答案】36．G37．B38．E39．D40．F二、应用文写作 东湖曾经是一处旅游胜地，但近年来受到严重的污染。假设你是李华，根据以下要点写信向报社反映此情况并呼吁社会关注此事。1．曾经的情景(景美、水清、鱼儿嬉戏、游客多)；2．目前的状况(工厂废水污染、游客乱扔垃圾)；3．呼吁：采取措施，拯救东湖。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．信的开头结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。DearEditor，I’mwritingtotellyousomethingabouttheEastLake._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua【答案】DearEditor，I’mwritingtotellyousomethingabouttheEastLake.Thelakeusedtobeabeautifulplace，inwhichthewaterwasclearandfishswamhappily.Travelerscamefromalloverthenationtovisitit，enjoyingitsbeauty.Butnowthingsareentirelydifferent.Millionsoftonsofwastewaterfromfactoriesaroundhavekeptpouringintoitdayandnight.Moreover，rubbishisbeingthrownintoitbythevisitors.Fewfishswimhere.Ithinkit’stimeforustorealizethedangeroussituationitnowfaces.It’snecessaryforthegovernmenttotakemeasurestosavethelakeandweshouldalsodoourbesttosaveit.Yours，LiHua三、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。JackandhiswifeTonyaweresailingaroundAfricawiththeirfriendsMaxandSasha.Onedaytheysawabigfishingboat.Itwasmovingfast.“Hello！”theyshouted.Themenontheboatlookedatthemangrily.Maxlookedcarefullyattheboat.“Something’swrongwiththeirfishingnet，”hesaid.Theygotnearertothenet.“What’sthat？”saidTonya.“Thereissomethinginthenet.It’salive.”Veryslowlytheymovednearer.“Icanseeitnow，”saidTonya.“It’sakillerwhale(虎鲸)—it’shurt.There’sbloodinthewater.Howcanwehelpit？”“Icanseeittoo.It’sababybutwemustbecareful，”saidMax.Jackjumpedintothewater.“Icangetthenetoffitsfin(鳍)，”hesaid.Jackgotthenetoffthebabykillerwhale.Therewasabigcutonitsfin.Itswamaway.Suddenlytherewereotherkillerwhalesneartheboat.“Jack！”Tonyashouted.“Getinquickly.”Jackswamtotheboatasfastasafish.“Thatbabykillerwhale...IamgoingtocallitLucky，”hesaid.Astheymovedaway，itbegantorainharderandharder.Jacksaid，“Wemustgetawayfromthewind.Icanseeatownoverthere.Let’sgo.”Thetowngotnearerbutthewavesgotbigger.Suddenlyaverybigwavehittheboat.“IseveryoneOK？”shoutedJack.“Tonya？Oh！She’snotintheboat，”saidSasha.“She’sinthewater.”Theylookedintothecold，darkwaterforhours.“Tonya!Saysomething，Tonya.Whereareyou？”shoutedMax.Thewindgotstrongerandtheboatwasfullofwater.Anotherbigwavehittheboat.“Jack，doyouwantusalltodie？”saidMax.“Wecan’tdoanymore.Tonyaiswearingalifejacket(救生衣)andshecanswimverywell.Let’ssailtothetown.”Momentslatertheboathitabeach.Theywentout.MaxandSashasleptonthebeach.Jacksatnearthewater，lookingattheseaandthinkingaboutTonya.注意：续写词数应为150左右。Atthattime，Tonyawasfivehundredmetersawayoutinthesea.Jackwaswalkingalongthebeachandsuddenlyhe_______________________【答案】Atthattime，Tonyawasfivehundredmetersawayoutinthesea.Abigwavecameontoher，makinghersinkintothewater.Shestruggledtoeupfromunderthewater，onlytofindherlifejacketgone.“Help!Anyonehelp！”Sheshoutedatthetopofhervoicebutheardnothinginresponseexcepttheroaringwaves.Allofasudden，shecaughtsightofagiantdarkfish—likecreaturemovingswiftlytowardsher.“Ashark！”Tonyafroze.“Iwillbekilled！”Thenextmoment，anotherbigwavehitherheavily.Jackwaswalkingalongthebeachandsuddenlyhespottedsomethinglikeatinyboatmovingtowardsthebeach.“MaybesomeonehaspickedupTonya！”He’sexpectingsomethingnicetohappen.“Oh，no，itwasn’taboat.ItwasLucky—theinjuredkillerwhaletheyhadrescued！”“Whyisithere？”BeforeJackfiguredoutwhatwashappening，anotherkillerwhalecameoutofnowhere，holdingupapersonhighintheair！“It’sTonya！”四、阅读理解CRobertJarvik，bornonMay11,1946inMichiganandraisedinStamford,isamedicalscientistandresearcher，whoplayedanimportantroleintheinventionoftheartificialheart.Hewasinterestedinmedicinefromayoungage.Hewatchedhisfatherperformoperationsandgainedapatent(专利权)foramachineappliedinthemedicaloperationbeforehegraduatedfromhighschool.JarvikattendedSyracuseUniversityandconsideredacareerinart.Whenhisfatherdevelopedheartdiseasesuddenly,hedecidedthentoworkonamedicalcareer.Heappliedtomedicalschools,butwasnotadmittedtoanyschoolsintheUS.Beforelong,hewasadmittedtothemedicalschoolinItalyandstayedtherefortwoyears.HereturnedtogetadegreeinmedicinefromNewYorkUniversityin1971.Afterworkingforaperiodoftime,Jarvikgotajobintheorgantransplant(器官移植)programattheUniversityofUtahin1972.Heworkedwiththedirectoroftheprogram,WillemKolff,whoinventedthekidneydialysis(肾透析)machine.BythetimeJarvikcametotheUniversityofUtah,theorganprogramhadalreadydevelopedtheprimaryartificialheart.Heimproveditbycreatingadiaphragm(横膈膜)，whichsolvedmanyissueswiththeheart.Eventually,hecreatedthefirstartificialheartin1981,theJarvik­7,tobeplacedinahumanpatient,whichwasconsideredoneofthemostimportantinventionsinhumanhistory.BarneyClark,aretireddentistsufferingfromseriousheartdisease,receivedtheJarvik­7transplantonDecember.2,1982.Helivedfor112daysaftertheoperation,butthetransplantwasconsideredasuccess.Thoughreceivingcriticismfortheriskreferredtotransplantanartificialheart,theJarvik­7stillbecameveryimportantforpatientswhowerewaitingforaheart.In1987，JarvikmovedtoNewYorkCityandformedJarvikResearchInc.Hebegandevelopinganewheart－theJarvik2000.Thissmallermachinefitsinsideapatient'sheartratherthanreplacingtheentireorgan.40.Whatmethoddoesthewriterusetodevelopthepassage?A.Byparingopinionsfromdifferentfields.B.Byfollowingthenaturaltimeorder.C.Bydiscussingresearchexperiments.D.Bypresentingsomeresearchresults.41.WhatdoyouknowaboutRobertJarvikfromthepassage?A.Hewasgoodatobservationandmadeaninventionwhenhewasyoung.B.Hewasbornandraisedinthesameplacewherehisparentsworked.C.Hebegantohelphisfatherfromayoungagewhenheperformedoperations.D.HewasadmittedtoanAmericanmedicalschoolsoonafterhegraduatedfromcollege.42.WhichofthefollowingincidentsmadeRobertJarvikdeterminehislife­longcareer?A.Hereceivedapatent