中考英语语法专项复习简单句并列句和复合句

中考英语语法专项复习：简单句、并列句和复合句句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。复合句中包含宾语从句、状语从句或定语从句等。♦一简单句简单句就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子，其句式结构主要有五种：①主+谓。①worksinabigcompany.他在一家大公司工作。②主+系+表。Sheisakindgirl.她是一个善良的女孩。③主+谓+宾。Anneatsjunkfoodtwiceaweek.安一周吃两次垃圾食品。④主+谓+间宾+直宾。Hegavemeapen.他给我一支钢笔。⑤主+谓+宾+宾补。Hekeptmewaitingfortwohours.他让我等了两小时。♦二并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句同等重要，没有从属关系，是并列的关系，之间用并列连词连接。.表示顺承的并列连词有and/notonly•••but(also)等。如：Shenotonlygaveusalotofadvice,butalsohelpedustoovercomedifficulties.他不仅给了我们很多建议,而且还帮助我们克服困难。.表示选择的并列连词有or,either•••or…等。如：EitheryouorMariawillhavetogo.你或玛丽亚得去一趟。.表示转折的并列连词有but,yet,however等。如：Itishotinsummerhere,butit'snotcoldinwinter.这里夏天热，但冬天不冷。.表示因果关系的并列连词有so,如：Heworkshard,soheisoneofthetopstudentsinourclass.因为他学习努力，所以他是我们班最优秀的学生之一。♦三宾语从句.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词有that(可省略)，if,whether,who,whose,what等。如：①Hetellsme(that)heisgoingshoppingthisSunday.他告诉我这个星期天他要去购物。②Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldjoinus.她问我她是否可以加入我们。③Doyouknowwhobrokethedoor.你知道谁弄坏了门吗？.宾语从句的语序在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句都要使用陈述语序。如：①Iwanttoknowwhenthetrainleft.我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。②Couldyoutellmewhatyournameis?你能告诉我你叫什么名字吗?.宾语从句的时态①如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可以根据实际需要用各种时态。如：Hetellsusthathehasbeenabletolookafterhimself.他告诉我们他已经能够照顾自己了。②如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应该使用对应的过去时态的一种。如：Theysaidthattheyhadalreadyfinishedthework.他们说他们已经完成了工作。③宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、格言等时，用一般现在时。如：Everyoneknowstherearesixtyminutesinanhour.大家都知道1小时有60分钟。.否定前移在宾语从句中，当主句的主语为I或we,谓语动词为think,believe,suppose等时，否定应前移。如：①Idon'tthinkheisright.我认为他不对。②Wedon'tsupposehewillcome.我们猜测他不会来。♦四状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。.时间状语从句在时间状语从句中，常用的引导词有when/while/before/after/until(till)/assoonas/since/as等。如：①Shewascookingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.有人敲门时，她正在煮饭。②Whatwillyoudoafteryoufinishyourhomework?你做完作业后准备做什么？.条件状语从句在条件状语从句中，常用的引导词有if/unless等。如：①Ifitdoesn'train,Iwillgofishing.如果不下雨，我将去钓鱼。②TheywillhaveapicnicunlessitrainsnextSunday.如果下星期日不下雨，他们要进行野炊活动。※底引导的条件状语从句，若主句用一般将来时，则从句应用一般现在时表将来。.原因状语从句在原因状语从句中，常用的引导词有because/as/since等。如：①Hedidn'tcomebecausehewasill.他没有来，因为他生病了。②Asyouaresorry,I'11forgiveyou,既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。.结果状语从句结果状语从句主要由so…that…/such…that…引导。so后接形容词或副词；such后接名词。如：①It'ssohotthatwewanttogoswimming.天太热了，因此我们想去游泳。②That'ssuchaninterestingstorythateverybodylikesit.那是一个如此有趣的故事，大家都喜欢它。.目的状语从句在目的状语从句中，常用的引导词有sothat/inorderthat等。如：©Pleasesayitinaloudvoicesothateveryonecanhearit.请大声说，以便大家都能听见。②Heworksharderinorderthathecangotoagoodcollege.他更加努力地学习，以便能上一所好大学。.让步状语从句在让步状语从句中，常用的引导词有though/although/evenif/eventhough等。though或although引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用。如：①Heoftenhelpsothersthough/althoughheisnotrich,尽管他并不富裕，但他经常帮助别人。②They，11standbyyouevenifyoudon'tsucceed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。.比较状语从句比较状语从句常由than/as…as…/notas…as…等引导。如：①HeismoreoutgoingthanI(am).他比我外向。②HeranasfastasMikedid.他和迈克跑得一样快。③Itisn'tso/aseasyasyouthought.这不像你想的那么容易。♦五定语从句修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。1.关系动词的基本用法作主语作宾语作定语指人who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose指物which/thatwhich/that/省略whose①Themanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingisfromHongKong.在会上发言的人来自香港。(who/that指人，作主语)②Idon'tlikethestorywhich/thathetoldmeyesterday.我不喜欢他昨天给我讲的故事。(which/that指物，作宾语)③Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。(whose指人，作定语)2.关系副词的基本用法⑴when在句中作状语，表示时间。如：HeremembersthedaywhenhejoinedtheLeague.他记得他入团的那天。⑵where在句中作定语，表示地点。如：ThisistheplacewhereLuXunwasborn.这就是鲁迅出生的地方。⑶why在句中作状语，表示原因。如：Thisisthereasonwhyheislatetoday.这就是他今天迟到的原因。练习：一用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。Mrs.Wangsaidthatshe(buy)anewcarthenextday.OurEnglishteachertoldusthatChristmas(be)onDecember25.I'11tellyouassoonasKate (come)here.Couldyoutellmewhenyourfather(go)toNewYork?Whenhe(go)there,we'11seehimoff.HomewithkidsisoneoftheTVsitcomsthat(make)uslaughagainandagain.二单项选择1.Couldyoupleasekeepthewindows?It'ssohotintheroom.A.openB.opensC.opening2.Workhard,you'11fallbehindyourclassmates.A.andB.butC.or3.Benaskedmehadreadthenewsintoday?newspaper.A.whatB.thatC.if4.-Canyoutellme-Ofcourse.HecomesfromJapan.A.whereishefromB.wheredoeshecomefromC.whenhecomesfrom5.Idon'tknowifshetotheparty.Ifshe，I'11tellyou.A.comes;comesB.willcome;comesC.willcome;willcome6.Cathylikescomedies,they'reveryfunny.A.becauseB.ifC.so7.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwicehecametoYunnan.A.sinceB.afterC.before8.TheypiledthesnowoneplacethechildrencouldmakeasnowmanA.sothatB.whenC.until9.-Iwon'tgotothepartytomorrow.A.Oryoutoldmeyouwould,what?shappening?B.SoBut10.-Youdon'tlookwell.What'swrongwithyou,WangMing?-LastnightIwatchedthefootballmatchanddidn'tgotobed11o'clock.A.whenB.untilC.while11.Mr.BrownknowslittleJapanese,hecan'tunderstandtheinstructionsonthebottleofthepills.A.orB.soC.but12.Youwillbelateyouhurryup.A.whenB.unlessC.if13.Somepeopleliketoplaymahjong,othersdon,t.A.whenB.whileC.asheisyoung,heknowsseverallanguages.A.Though;butB.Though;soC.Though;/BythenhethreeEnglishsongs.A.haslearnedB.learnedC.hadlearned16.Thereisafilmwelikebest.16.Thereisafilmwelikebest.A.whoseB.whoC./17.ThisisthemostinterestingbookA.whoseB.whoC./17.ThisisthemostinterestingbookA.thatB.whichC.whoI'vereadbefore.18.ThisistheroominChairmanMaolived.18.ThisistheroominChairmanMaolived.A.thatB.whichC.whomthePLAwasfounded.19.August1,1927wasthedaythePLAwasfounded.A.whereB.thatC.when答案：ACCCBAAACBBBBCCCABC三写出下列句子的同义句，每空一词。TheforeignerswanttoknowhowtheycanlearnChinesekungfuwell.TheforeignerswanttoknowlearnChinesekungfuwell.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknowdoesthetrain?“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?”Tom,smot