江苏省高考英语二轮复习-限时训练专题2-阅读理解16_第1页
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2012高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练(江苏专用)专题2阅读理解16(35分钟)ASportsisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsomentallychallenging.Criticism(批评)fromcoaches(trainers),parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreatetoomuchanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasshowedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware(realize),atalltimes,thattheirfeedback(反馈)toyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflaw(缺陷)inthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautious(careful)thatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday’syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagame,manyparentsandcoachesfocuson(paymoreattentionto)theoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters’performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedinspiteoftheoutcome.Researchshowsthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress(pressure),whichcanleadtoburnout.1.Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeopleinthat__________. A.itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsociety B.itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves C.itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselves D.itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiences2.Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould__________. A.helpchildrentowineverygame B.paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysports C.enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsports D.trainchildrentodealwithstress3.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis___________. A.topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticism B.toemphasizetheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildren C.todiscusstheskillofcombingcriticismwithencouragement D.toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnoutBWhenacoupledecidestomarry,theynaturallyinformbothsetsofparentsandstepparentsbeforehavingapartyplannedortellingalltheirfriends.Thedaysarelonggoneofthemangoingtremblingtothegirl’sfatherandsaying,“Sir,mayIhavethehonorofhavingthehandofyourdaughterinmarriage?”However,awisecouplealwaysdiscusstheirplansformarriagewiththeirrespectivefamilies,andayoungmanoftensuggestsa“financialtalk”withhisfuturefather-in-lawbeforethelatterisfacedwiththeembarrassmentofaskingforone.Evenifayoungwomanhassupportedherselfandlivesawayfromhome,herparentshavetherighttoknowhowherfiancéproposestohandlethelong-rangefinancingoftheirfamilyandhome.Thefiancéshouldstatehisincome,hissavings,andhisfailureexpectations,withoutoverstatinganyofthem.Engagementpartiesaregivenbytheparentsofthebride-to-beorbyarelativeofthebrideactingforherparents,usuallyjustbeforethenewspaperannouncementoftheengagement.Ifthebride-to-beandherfiancéliveinacityotherthanherparents,itisbetterforherparentstogotothecitythanhertogohometothemfortheengagementparty.Sheandherfiancéwill,afterall,bepartiedinherparents’hometownduringtheweddingfestivities.However,ifthefamilyhomeisnotfaraway,itisproperfortheengagedcoupletotraveltherefortheannouncementparty.Theyoungman’sfamilyshouldbeinvited,too.Ifthebride’sparentsarenolongerliving,thenarelativeoraclosefriendcangivetheparty.Itisusuallyasimplecocktail’sparty,champagneservedfortoaststotheengagedcouple.Ifthepartyisverylarge,theengagedcoupleandthegirl’sparentsmightformareceivingline----buttheydonothaveto.Thebride-to-beusuallywearsherengagementringofficiallyforthefirsttimeonthisoccasion.Ifshehasagiftforthegroom-to-be,shegivesittohimrightbeforeoraftertheengagementparty.ForAmericans,thetraditionalengagementringisadiamondsolitaire(单粒宝石).However,todayanythinggoes----aringwithmanycoloredstones,aringwithalargesemipreciousstone,anheirloom(传家宝)ringresetinamoderndesign,orevenastoneinthebride’sfamily,simplyresetinaTiffanysetting.Theweddingringwillbeofthesamemetalastheengagementring.Somegirlsprefernoengagementringbutchooseaweddingbandthatisdecoratedwithstonesinstead.Noonehastohaveanengagementring.Agirlmaywantherfiancétogiveherapearlnecklaceinstead,orajeweledwatch.Jeweledringscanbegivenasgiftsonmanyoccasionsduringthemarriedlives----suchasweddinganniversaries,thebirthofachild,oranimportantjobpromotion.4.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,youngmen________. A.musttellalltheirfriendsbeforeplanningaparty B.usedtofeelafraidofgoingtomeettheirgirlfriends’parents C.mustpromisethattheirfamilycouldsupportthem D.mustguaranteetheyliveawayfromhomealready5.Theunderlinedword“one”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans________. A.amarriage B.aplan C.afinancialtalk D.anembarrassment6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage? A.Thebride-to-beandherfiancéwillhavetowaitinlinewithbothoftheirparents. B.Ifthegirl’sparentsaredead,arelativeoraclosefriendgivesapartyontheirbehalf. C.Theengagementpartyisusuallygivenbeforethenewspaperannouncement.D.It’snolongernecessarytogiveadiamondsolitaireastheengagementring.7.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.ayoungmancangivehiswifeajeweledwatchonthebirthdayoftheirchildB.theheirloommustberesetinamoderndesignC.theengagementringandtheweddingringaredifferentD.somegirlsdon’tmindwhattheyaregivenfortheengagementC “Whoquestionsmuch,shalllearnmuch,andremembermuch.”----FrancisBacon(1561-1626) Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding.Tostartwith,youneedquestions.Then,tofindanswers,youobservetheworldaroundyouandstudythefacts.Afterthatyouconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.AlthoughtodaywearemoreaccustomedtotypingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettospittheansweroutforus,modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld’sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis----luckilyforus. However,inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBaconsuggestedthatthistypeofthinkingwasthewaytogainknowledge,hewasgoingagainsttheviewsoftheday.Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfacts,andpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei,whoprovedscientificideassuchas“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”,wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence.Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengethattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.Theypreferredtomakeassumptionsabouttheworldbasedontheexperienceofothers.Infact,whenGalileiprovedthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse,insteadofbelievinghim,peoplechosetobelieveancientviewsputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384-322BC). Thisalsoshowshowpeopledidn’twanttosearchfortheirownunderstandingoreducatethemselves.Andthisisstilloftentruetoday.Peoplefeelthatifsomeoneimportantandrespectedsaysthatsomethingisright,thenitmustbeso.ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspiredmanygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim,hewaswrongattimes.AndGalileitoomademistakes.Heisnowknownasthefatherofastronomybuthebelievedthattheearthmovedroundthesuninaperfectcircle.Hewaswrong.Thereforeourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowingandchanging.Inotherwords,welearnmoreeverydayandnoneofuscaneversitbackandsay“Weknowitall.” Weneedtothankthegreatmenofthepastforthewisdomtoknowthatwedon’tknowitallandprobablyneverwill,forthatwouldmeanaworldwithoutquestions.SomuchofourknowledgeandunderstandingoftheworldtodayisduetopeoplelikeBaconandGalilei,whowerebraveenoughtostepoutfromtheshadowsofoldthoughtsinordertofindthekingdomofknowledgethattoday’scivilizationisbuiltupon.Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor;morevitaltoaman,andmorebeneficialtomankind,somemightsay,thanallthemoneyintheworld. “Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncetheyarediscovered;thepointistodiscoverthem.”----GalileoGalilei(1564-1642)8.InBaconandGalileo’stimes,peoplewouldpreferto________. A.learnnewthingsbyobservingtheworldaroundthemselves B.acquireknowledgefromchurchorexperienceofgreatancestors C.seekanswerstotheirpuzzlesfromcontemporaryscientists D.exploreknowledgeoutoffactstheysawwiththeirowneyes9.InthispassageBaconandGalileoarementionedasexamplesfor________.A.theirgreatachievementsinscience B.theirambitiontodoubtgreatancestors C.theirrevolutionarywayofacquiringknowledge D.theirpreferencetobelieveinthemselvesratherthanothers10.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage? A.Tohelpthereaderslearnmoreaboutgreatthinkersinhistory. B.Toconvincethereadersoftheimportanceofthinkinganddiscovering. C.Topersuadethereaderstothankthegreatmenofthepastfortheirwisdom. D.Toencouragethereaderstogoagainsttheviewsoftheirday.11.Whichofthefollowingistheprocessthewritersuggeststoacquireknowledge? A.askingquestions→searchingtheInternet→waitingtheresults→findinganswers B.acquiringknowledgeandunderstanding→askingquestions→answeringquestions C.observingtheworld→askingquestions→studyingfacts→findinganswers→consideringpossibilities D.askingquestions→observingtheworld→studyingfacts→consideringpossibilities→testingandfindinganswersDAnewstudyof8,000youngpeopleintheJournalofHealthandSocialBehaviorshowsthatalthoughlovecanmakeadultslivehealthilyandhappily,itisabadthingforyoungpeople.Puppylove(早恋)maybringstressforyoungpeopleandcanleadtodepression(忧郁症).Thestudyshowsthatgirlsbecomemoredepressedthanboys,andyoungergirlsaretheworstofall.Thepossiblereasonfortheconnectionbetweenloveandhigherriskofdepressionforgirlsis“lossofself”.Accordingtothestudy,eventhoughboyswouldsay“losethemselvesinaromanticrelationship”,this“lossofself”ismuchmorelikelytoleadtodepressionwhenithappenstogirls.Younggirlswhohaveromanticrelationshipsusuallylikehidingtheirfeelingsandopinions.Theywon’ttellthattotheirparents.DrMarianmKaufman,anexpertonyoungpeopleproblems,says15%to20%youngpeoplewillhavedepressionduringtheirgrowing.Tryingromanceoftencausesthedepression.Sheadviseskidsnottojumpintoromancetooearly.Duringgrowingup,itisimportantforyoungpeopletobuildstrongfriendshipsandastrongsenseofself.Shealsosuggeststheparentsshouldencouragetheirkidstokeepclosetotheirfriends,attendmoreinterestingschoolactivitiesandspendenoug

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