2023新教材高中英语Unit1ScienceandScientistsSectionⅤSummaryandWriting课时作业新人教版选择性必修第二册

SectionⅤSummaryandWritingⅠ重点词汇1．contraryadj.相反的；相对立的→contradictv.反驳，驳斥；相抵触，相矛盾，相反→contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的2．infectv.使感染；传染→infectionn.感染；传染3．provev.证明；证实→proofn.证据；证明；检验4．suspectv.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象→suspicionn.嫌疑；怀疑5．statisticn.统计数字；统计资料；统计学→statisticaladj.统计的；统计学的6．initialadj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initiallyadv.最初地；开始地7．mechanicn.机械师；机械修理工→mechanicaladj.机械的；发动机的；机器的8．defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解→defencen.保卫；辩解；防守9．leadern.领导者；领袖→leadershipn.领导；领导地位；领导才能10．giftn.天赋；天才；才能→giftedadj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的11．abstractadj.抽象的；理性的n.(文献等的)摘要→abstractlyadv.抽象地12．astronomyn.天文学→astronomern.天文学家13．faultn.弱点；过错→faultyadj.不完美的；有缺陷的；错误的14．vividadj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividlyadv.清晰地；生动地15．onceandforall最终地；彻底地16．subscribeto同意；赞同；订阅；定期捐款17．thanksto幸亏；由于18．theoreticalframework理论框架19．breakout(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发20．inchargeof主管；掌管21．comedown患(病)；染上(小病)22．aboveall最重要的是；尤其是Ⅱ教材原句1．Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.(P2)另一种观点认为霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。2．ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.(P3)经过斯诺的不懈努力，自来水公司开始销售干净的水，而且世界范围内霍乱的威胁大大减少。3．Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.(P3)此外，斯诺使用地图和统计数据，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。4．Hereceivedahero'swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina'srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.(P8)他受到了来自祖国的对待英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。5．UnderQian'sleadership，ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.(P8)在钱学森的领导下，中国发展了东风导弹，随后是第一代长征火箭。6．Hawking'sownworkonthebigbangtheorywassoonprovenbyastronomerswithtelescopes.(P9)霍金自己对大爆炸理论的研究很快就被天文学家用望远镜证实了。Ⅲ书面表达[概要写作——介绍科学家的成就]对“介绍科学家的成就”类文章进行概要写作，首先需要理清文章的脉络，关键是根据“5W”线索确定核心信息，而“5W”各要素之间存在一定的逻辑关系。在提炼这些信息，梳理文章内在逻辑基础上，还要做到以下几点：1．略读知主题。关于介绍科学家成就的文章，一般为记叙文。通过略读，可明确文章所叙述的科学家的姓名、国籍、专业领域等一般身份信息，可作为概要写作开头语。2．寻读主题句。文章对所记叙的科学家所具备的人格魅力、科学精神一般就浓缩在主题句里面，通过寻读主题句可确定该科学家的精神特质，作为概要写作的过渡性内容。3．跳读定要点。除了对科学家的上述信息做交代之外，文章会主要介绍该科学家所取得成就，以及该成就或者多项成就对人类生产生活、文明发展进步所产生的影响。这就组成了概要写作的核心内容：成就及影响。4．要点成句句成文。有了前三项阅读提炼的基础，一篇介绍科学家成就的文章的概要写作已经具备基本框架，接下来就是把所列要点按照“身份信息——精神特质——成就及影响”的顺序，扩展成句，依据各句之间的逻辑关系，运用一些连接词汇串联成文即可。注意词数控制在60左右。1．开头常用句式①GwendolynBrookswasthefirstAfricanAmericantowinaPulitzerPrizeforPoetry.关朵琳·布鲁克丝是第一位获普利策诗歌奖的非洲裔美国人。②InthecityofFujisawa,Japan,livesawomannamedAtsukoSaeki.在日本藤泽市，有一位名叫小泽一介的妇女。③YuanLongpingwasborninBeijingin1930.HisancestralhomeisinDe'anCounty,Jiujiang,JiangxiProvince.袁隆平1930年出生于北京，祖籍江西省九江市德安县。④LiSiguanggraduatedfromOsakaUniversityinJuly1910.李四光于1910年7月毕业于日本大阪大学。2．主体段落常用句式①Einsteinhatedfightingandkilling.Thegreatsufferingofwaraffectedhimdeeply,andhesatunhappilyinhisofficedoinglittle.爱因斯坦痛恨战争和杀戮。来自战争的巨大的痛苦深深影响着他，以至于他闷闷不乐地坐在办公室里，几乎不做任何事情。②In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.1931年，亚当斯成为第一位获诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。③Dangerousasitwas,ZhongNanshanworkedharddayandnighttreatingCOVID－19patients.虽然面临危险，但钟南山为治疗新冠肺炎病人日日夜夜努力工作。④DengJiaxianisthemainorganizerandleaderofdevelopmentofChina'snuclearweapons.邓稼先是中国核武器发展的主要组织者和领导者。⑤Becauseoflovingtheircareers,theyaremosthappywhentheyareworkinghard.出于对事业的热爱，他们越是努力工作，越是快乐。⑥Histheoryprovedtobecorrectandhebecamefamous.However,hetooknointerestinwealthorstatus.他的理论被证明是正确的，他出名了。然而，他对财富或地位没有任何兴趣。3．结尾常用句式①Forhiscontributions,Yuanisalwayscalledthe“FatherofHybridRice”.由于他的贡献，袁隆平一直被称为“杂交水稻之父”。②Allthiscomesdowntoonepoint：fibreishelpfultohealth.所有这一切都归结为一点：纤维素有助于健康。③Theircontributionstosocietyarenolessthanthosemadebyscientistsorprofessors.他们对社会所作的贡献不亚于科学家或者教授。④Whenadoctorsuccessfullyoperatesonapatient,maybethereisanametoremember:Hippokrates.当一个医生成功地为病人做完手术，也许有一个名字需要被记起：希波克拉底。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。MarieCurie,borninWarsaw,Polandin1867,ledahardlifeasagirl.Herparents,bothteachers,hadlowsalariesandwerequitepoor,especiallyafterhermotherstoppedteachingtoraisefivechildrenandtakecareofherpoorhealth.Marie'smothersufferedfromtuberculosisanddiedofitwhenMariewasten.WhenMariewasyoung,sheshowedgreatinterestinscience.Shelovedtostudyandhopedtobecomeascientistwhenshegrewup.Herparentsencouragedherinterestinscience.Excellentasshewasinherstudies,shecouldn'tgoonwiththeadvancededucationsheneededbecausePolandwasthenruledbyRussiaandwomenwerenotpermittedtogotocollege.Inordertocontinuehereducation,shesmoothedawaymanydifficultiesandenteredParisUniversity,whereshelivedasimplelifeandstudiedhard.Shegraduatedwiththehighestgradesinherclass.AftergraduationshewasengagedinscientificresearchinParisUniversity.ThereshemetPierreCurie,whomshemarried.Pierrejoinedherinherresearchintoanunknownphenomenon“radiation”，whichacertainscientisthaddeclaredthaturaniumgaveoff.TheCuriesspentseveralyearstryingtheirbesttofindtheelementthatproducedradiation.Finallytheysucceededin1902.MarieCuriewontwoNobelPrizes,oneforphysicsin1906,togetherwithherhusbandandanotherscientist;theotherforchemistryherselfin1911.MadameCuriewasascientistofgreatachievement,andthefirstwomanevertobehonoredintheNobelPrizehistory.[精彩范文]BorninWarsaw,Polandin1867,MarieCurieshowedgreatinterestinscience.Herdreamwastobecomeascientist.(要点1)AftergraduatingfromParisUniversity,shemarriedPierreCurie,whojoinedinherresearchintoanunknownphenomenon“radiation”，andfinallytheysucceededin1902.(要点2)MarieCuriewastheowneroftwoNobelPrizes:firstforphysicsin1906;thenforchemistryin1911.(要点3)Withgreatachievement,shewasthefirstwomanevertobehonoredintheNobelPrizehistory.(要点4)【总评】本文作者用简洁明快的语言描述了居里夫人的生平和取得的成就。行文流畅，衔接自然，用语准确，结构严谨，全文富于表现力和概括性。【亮点呈现】(1)作者运用含有不定式作表语的句式Herdreamwasto...和非限制性定语从句whojoinedinherresearch...等，描述MarieCurie的生平事迹，体现了作者较好的语言驾驭能力。(2)短语Bornin,Aftergraduatingfrom以及Withgreatachievement等的运用，简明扼要，准确生动，体现了详略得当、突出要点的概要写作特色。(3)作者运用thefirstwomaneverto等结构陈述事实，突出了居里夫人事迹的独特性。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Itissuchacommonoccurrencethatnooneeverwondersfromwhereitcame.Butthetelephonehasafascinatingstorybehindit.ItisthestoryofAlexanderGrahamBell.HewasborninEdinburgh,Scotlandin1847.Thesonofamanwhowasbittenbytheworkingsofthehumanvoice,howitisproducedandused,andespeciallyteachingthedeafhowtouseit,youngAlexanderGrahamBellgrewupwithhisfather'ssuchstrongfeelings.In1870,becauseofpoorhealth,hemigratedtoCanada.ItwasnotlongbeforehissuccessinteachingthedeaftospeakbroughthimtotheattentionofawealthymerchantinBostonwhowantedBelltohelpherdaughter,Mabel.Finally,MrBellandMabelfellinlove.Itwasshewhoinspiredhimtodevelopthethenremarkableinstrumentthattransformedspeechintoelectricalimpulses(脉冲)thatcouldthenbechangedbackintohumanspeechattheendofawire.In1877,heandMabelweremarried.HelaterbecameanAmericancitizen.AlexanderGrahamBellwasshoweredwiththepraiseoftheworld.Honorscametohimfromallthepointsofthecompass.Hewentontootherdiscoveries,manyofthem.Butinhisownview,hewasmostproudofhiseffortstohelpthedeaf.So,whenthegovernmentofFranceawardedhimtheVoltaPrizeforinventingthetelephone,hecombinedthismonetaryawardwiththemoneyhemadefromsellingthepatentonanotherinventiontoestablishtheVoltaBureauinWashington,D．C.Itspurposewastofundresearchondeafness.Today,itiscalledtheAlexanderGrahamBellAssociationfortheDeafandHardofHearing.Its