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第=page11页,共=sectionpages11页2023-2024学年湖南省部分校高三(上)入学英语试卷一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共37.5分)ANewZealandiswellknownforeducation.Thefollowingaresomeofitsuniversities:

UniversityofAuckland

With30,000full-timestudents,and10,000distantlearners,itisthelargestuniversityinNewZealand.Establishedin1883,itisalsooneoftheoldestones.Itisrankednumberoneinthecountry,andamongthetop236universitiesworldwide.Itconsistsof7campusesaltogetherthatspreadacrossAuckland.Eachcampusoffersspecificcoursesindifferentareasofstudy.

UniversityofOtago

Establishedin1869inOtago,theuniversitycontinuestoofferthebesteducationalpractices,asapartofits150-year-oldlegacy.WiththelongesthistoryinNewZealand,itranksamongthetoptwouniversitiesofNewZealand,andamongthetop309universitiesintheworld.AlthoughtheUniversity'smaincampusisinDunedin,italsohasanotherfourcampusesinothercities.Thestudentscouldenroll(注册)inoneofits5campuses.Currently,around20,000studentsstudyintheuniversity,andthousandsapplyeveryyear.

UniversityofCanterbury

OnereasontojoinCanterburyUniversityisthefactthatitisrankedasthethirdbestuniversityofNewZealand,andamongthetop450universitiesintheworld.Foundedin1893,theuniversityconsistsofmainlyfivecollegesordepartments.Theuniversityoffersmorethan100qualificationsfromundergraduatetodoctorallevelsinaround80differentsubjectareas.

MasseyUniversity

ItissituatedinPalmerstonNorth,butitscampusesarespreadacrossAuckland,Albany,ManawatuandWellington.Establishedin1927,itranksamongthetopfouruniversitiesofNewZealand,andtop531universitiesintheworld.Theuniversityisaheavenforinternationalstudentsasmorethan3,000studentsfromaround100countriesstudyhere.Italsooffersdistanteducationprogramsthroughwhicharound13,000studentsfromallovertheworldhavejoinedtheinstitution.1.WhatcanweknowabouttheUniversityofOtago?______A.ItprovidesDoctor'sdegree.

B.ItistheoldestoneinNewZealand.

C.IthasthemoststudentsinNewZealand.

D.Itrequiresstudentstoenrollinitsmaincampus.2.Whichisconsideredtobethebestchoiceforinternationalstudents?______A.MasseyUniversity. B.UniversityofOtago.

C.UniversityofCanterbury. D.UniversityofAuckland.3.Whatdoallthefouruniversitieshaveincommon?______A.Theyhavemorethanonecampus.

B.Theyhaveahistoryofoveracentury.

C.Theyofferspecificcoursesinallareas.

D.Theyareamongthetopuniversitiesinthecountry.BThomasAndrewswasborninBelfastin1813,sonofamerchant.Hewasdescribedas"amodest,silentboywithagreatcapacityforgeneralknowledge".HehadpublishedthefirstofhismanyscientificpapersinthePhilosophicalMagazineentitled"Ontheactionofaflameurgedbytheblowpipeonotherflames"atage14.Shortlyafterthishissecondpublication"OnthedetectionofBarytaorStrontiawheninunionwithLime"appearedinthesamejournal.

Hestartedhisformalstudyofchemistryin1828atGlasgowUniversityunderThomasThomsonandcontinueditlaterinParis.ThereheworkedinthelaboratoriesofJ.B.DumasandL.J.Thenard,wherehelearnedchemicalanalysisfromthesemostdistinguishedFrenchanalyticalchemists.ReturningtoDublin,hetookaB.A.degreeatTrinityCollegeDublinbeforecompletinghismedicalstudiesinEdinburgh.At23hebecameaphysicianinBelfast,aswellasprofessorofchemistryattheBelfastAcademicalInstitute.Hismedicalcommitmentsinthenexttenyearsmeanthehadlittletimeforexperimentationbuthestillmanagedtopublishanumberofscientificpapers.

WhentheQueen'sCollegeopenedin1845,hebecameitsfirstprofessorofchemistry,aswellasitsVice-President.Asanoutstandingexperimentalist,hewasthefirsttoshowthatozoneisanotherformofoxygen.Usingnarrow-bore,thickglasscapillarytubes(毛细管),tocontaingasesunderextremeconditionsoftemperatureandpressure,hewasabletoshowthatBoyle'sLawdidnotapplyintheseextremeconditions.Heestablishedthecrucialconceptofcriticaltemperatureandcriticalpressure.Hisdiscoveriesledtotheliquefactionofallgases,someofwhichhadpreviouslybeenthoughtnottobeabletoexistasliquids.Internationallyrecognized,hewaselectedtomanyscientificacademies,andin1867,becamepresidentoftheBritishAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.4.WhatcanbeknownaboutteenageThomasAndrews?______A.HewasafaithfulreaderofPhilosophicalMagazine.

B.Hewasnationallyfamous.

C.Hehadstronginterestinscience.

D.Hewasexcellentineverysubject.5.WhydidAndrewsgotoParis?______A.Tocompleteoneofhispapers.

B.TolearnfromFrenchscientists.

C.ToearnaB.A.degreeinchemistry.

D.Tofurtherhismedicalstudies.6.WhyisBoyle'sLawmentionedinthelastparagraph?______A.Toanalyseaphenomenon.

B.Todemonstrateanoldtheory.

C.TointroduceAndrews'discovery.

D.Toillustrateachemistryexperiment.7.Whichistherightorderofthefollowingevents?______

a.ThomasAndrewsbecameaphysicianinBelfast.

b.ThomasAndrewspublishedhisfirstpaperinamagazine.

c.ThomasAndrewsstudiedchemistryatGlasgowUniversity.

d.ThomasAndrewswasappointedVice-PresidentoftheQueen'sCollege.A.d-a-b-c B.b-a-d-c C.d-b-a-c D.b-c-a-dCWhenpeanutsaredroppedintoaglassofbeer,theysinktothebottombeforefloatingupand"dancing"intheglass.Scientistsinvestigatedthisprocessinastudyinvolvingthealcoholicdrinkbeer.Theresearchhelpedthemunderstandmineralextraction(提炼)ormagma(岩浆)inthelayerofEarthcalledthecrust.

BrazilianresearcherLuizPereiratoldthemediathathefirsthadtheideawhenpassingthroughArgentina'scapitalBuenosAirestolearnSpanish.Itwascommonforbarkeeperstotakeafewpeanutsanddropthemintobeers.Becausethepeanutsaredenser(密度大的)thanthebeer,theyfirstsinktothebottomoftheglass.Theneachpeanutbecomeswhatiscalleda"nucleationsite".Hundredsoftinybubbles(气泡)ofCO2formontheirsurface.Thebubblesactasfloatationdevicesthatcarrythepeanutsupward.Thebubblesprefertoformonthepeanutsratherthanontheglass.Whenthebubblesreachthesurface,theyburst.Thepeanutssinkagainbeforenewlyformedbubblessendthepeanutsupagain.Likeadancemovement,thepeanutscontinuesinkingandfloatinguntiltheCO2runsout,orsomeonedrinksthebeer.

Intheexperiments,theteamofresearchersexaminedhowpeanutsactedinthe"beer-gas-peanutsystem".Theyfoundthelargerthe"contactangle"betweenthecurveofanindividualbubbleandthesurfaceofthepeanut,themorelikelyitwillgrow.Butitcannotgrowtoomuch-lessthan1.3millimetersacrossisbest.

Pereirasaidhehopedthatbydeeplyresearchingthissimplesystem,wecouldunderstandasystemthatwouldbeusefulforindustryorexplainingnaturalprocesses.Forexample,thefloatationprocessissimilartotheoneusedtoseparateironfromore.Airisaddedintoamixtureinwhichamineral,suchasiron,willrisebecausebubblesattachthemselvesmoreeasilytoit,whileothermineralssinktothebottom.ThesameprocesscanalsoexplainwhyvolcanoscientistsfindthatthemineralmagnetiterisestohigherlayersinEarth'scrustthanexpected.8.WhendidLuizPereirafirstnoticepeanutsdancinginaglassofbeer?______A.Earlyinhischildhood.

B.Duringoneofhisexperiments.

C.Onhiswaytostudyabroad.

D.Whenhefirstthrewpeanutsintoaglassofbeer.9.Whatcausesthepeanutstofloattothetopofthebeer?______A.Theirspecialsurface.

B.Thebubblesontheirsurface.

C.Theirreactionwiththebeer.

D.Thebubblesexistingatthebottomofthebottle.10.Whatismainlytalkedaboutthe"beer-gas-peanutsystem"inthelastparagraph?______A.Itsfeature. B.Itsprinciple.

C.Itsprocess. D.Itssignificance.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?______A.WhyPeanuts"Dance"WhenDroppedinBeer

B.BrazilianResearchersFoundPeanutsDroppedinBeer

C.TheFunctionofCO2inBeer

D.ThePrincipleinMineralExtractionDInmostcases,peoplepicktheeasywayout:thepathofleastresistance.Yetit'sthehardchoice-thepathofmostresistance-thatismorebeneficialandprovidesmostsuccessinthelongrun.

Howdothesepathsdiffer?Whatarethedangersofaneasylife?Whataretherewardsofahardlife?Howdoyoustarttakingthepathofmostresistance?Let'scoverallthesequestions.

Takingthepathofleastresistancemeanschoosingtheeasiestavailableoption,withlittleregardforitslong-termconsequences.Forexample,youeatwhateveryoulike,wheneveryoulike,andinwhateveramountyoulike.Thisisoftencombinedwithavoidingphysicalactivitybecauseit'stooexhaustinganduncomfortable.Itmayfeelniceatfirstbutallthatindulgencehasaveryhighprice.Inthatcase,it'sguaranteedbeingfat.Mostpeopleinthemodernworldfollowthispath,andthisiswhysomanypeoplestrugglewithalackofself-discipline,goodhabits,etc.

Thepathofmostresistanceisaboutchoosingtheoptionthatwillleadtomorepersonalgrowth,evenifitmeanssufferingintheearlystagesoftheprocess.Forexample,itmaycostyoualottoquitwatchingTVforhoursonend.Butoverthelongterm,you'llfreeupalotoftimethatwillleadtoamoresatisfyinglifethanthatofacouchpotato.

Atfirstsight,thisapproachisunappealing.Itrequireseffort,lossofpleasure,andleadstopotentialsuffering.Yet,ontheothersideofallthatliesaworldofmoreconfidence,self-disciplineandmentalrecovery.Intheend,theydomorethanjustmakingupforthefleetingsuperficialpleasures.

We'relazybynature.Ifwecandosomethingmoreeasilyandcomfortably,we'llalwayschoosethatpathovertheonethat'sharder.Thistendencyisanextremelypowerfulforce,evenwhenscientificresearchmakesitclearthatit'sbadforus.12.Whatisthepurposeofthequestionsinparagraph2?______A.Tointroducethecontent.

B.Toexplainaphenomenon.

C.Tosharetheissuesrelated.

D.Tocommentontheeasy-pathchoice.13.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword"indulgence"inparagraph3?______A.Aseriousweaknessofhumans.

B.Adecisionwithoutfullinformation.

C.Ahabitofactingtopleasures.

D.Achoicemadewithcarefulthinking.14.Accordingtotheauthor,whatleadstopeople'sbeingfat?______A.Theirlackofexercise.

B.Theirlowlevelofself-discipline.

C.Theconsumptionoftoomuchfatandsugar.

D.Theabnormaldevelopmentofsociety.15.Whichofthefollowingrepresentsthepathofmostresistance?______A.Oversleepingonweekends.

B.Takingyourfavouritesportregularly.

C.Quittingawell-paidjobandtakingalow-paidone.

D.Eatingsomethingyoudisliketobalanceyourdiet.二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题,共12.5分)HowtoSurviveaFlood:FloodSafetyTipsFloodingisacommonnaturaldisasterintheworld.Itisusuallycausedbyheavyorsuddenrainfall.Reviewthefollowingfloodsafetyguidelinestoknowwhatyoushoulddotoincreaseyourchancesofsurvival.

(1)______Ifyouliveinanareathatisoftenflooded-orevenifyoudon't-it'sagoodideatobepreparedfortheworst.Paycloseattentiontoofficialfloodingupdates.Andknowthedifferencebetweenaflood"watch"and"warning".(2)______Butafloodwarningmeansfloodingisalreadyoccurringorwilloccursoon.Inthiscase,youshouldbepreparedtoleaveatamoment'snotice.

Haveanemergencysurvivalkitonhand.(3)______Thingssuchaswater,food,aflashlight,radio,phonechargersandafirstaidkitshouldallbeincluded.

Beawarethatflashfloodingcanoccur.(4)______Donotwaitforinstructionstomove.Whenafloodwarningisissuedforyourarea,leave.Headforhighergroundandstaythereuntilyouaretoldthattheareaissafe.

Donotwalkthroughmovingwater.Sixinchesofmovingwatercansweepyouoffyourfeet.Ifyouhavetowalkinwater,walkwherethewaterisnotmoving.(5)______

Turnaround,anddon'tdrown!Ifyoucomeuponaflowingstreamwherewaterisaboveyourankles,stop,turnaroundandgoanotherway.Peopleoftenunderestimatetheforceandpowerofwater.

A.Makepreparationsinadvance.

B.Actually,thesetwowordsarequitedifferent.

C.That'swhythemovingwaterisdangerous.

D.Itshouldbefilledwithatleastthreedaysofsupplies.

E.Afloodwatchmeansafloodispossibleinyourarea.

F.Useasticktocheckthefirmnessofthegroundinfrontofyou.

G.Ifthereispossibilityofsuchaflood,moveatoncetohigherground.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空(本大题共15小题,共15.0分)Onedaymybestfriendaccompaniedmetothebusstationandtherehappenedtobeonebusatthestationreadytoleave.Wewavedandcrossedtheroad.BeforeIgotonthebus,mybestfriendhadtotakesomethingfrommybag.Iwassurprisedthattheconductorwas(1)______enoughtowaitwithouturgingmetohurryupasotherconductors(2)______do.Therefore,hisbehaviorcaughtmy(3)______andIwasamazedbyhim.

Westartedtakingoffandtheconductorbegan(4)______thepassengers.Mostofthepeopleweregivinghimbignotes.(5)______itwasearlymorning,hehadalltherightsto(6)______tothepassengersaboutthebigmoneynotes,butnotawordofcomplaintcameoutfromhismouth.Hejust(7)______acceptedthebignotesandtriedtofindchangeforthem.IhadplannedtogivehimalargenotebecausethecoinsIhadwereveryhardtoreach,butI(8)______thatidea.

SoonInoticedhehadaproblemwithhisfeet,makinghimlook(9)______.Thiseventouchedmyheartmorebecausemostdisabledpeopleareoftenin(10)______mode.Theyarealwaysmoodyandunkindinordertomaintaintheir(11)______.Thisoneinparticularreally(12)______meandleftmewithasmileyheart.

Complainingisusuallynotagood(13)______,whichmakesthingsworse,notbetter.Iwas(14)______bythisconductorthatcomplainingisawasteofenergy.Itwouldbebettertochoosetoacceptthefactandtostaycalm.Thatwill(15)______youandpeoplearoundyou.21.

A.honest B.enthusiastic C.patient D.responsible22.

A.formally B.eventually C.suddenly D.usually23.

A.attention B.breath C.thought D.imagination24.

A.observing B.charging C.guiding D.inviting25.

A.Considering B.Realizing C.Claiming D.Expecting26.

A.appeal B.complain C.explain D.turn27.

A.bravely B.awkwardly C.kindly D.secretly28.

A.gaveup B.putforward C.stuckto D.jumpedat29.

A.attractive B.flexible C.familiar D.different30.

A.virtual B.confident C.defensive D.optimistic31.

A.position B.dignity C.appearance D.reputation32.

A.interrupted B.challenged C.impressed D.stimulated33.

A.review B.connection C.operation D.policy34.

A.disciplined B.reminded C.requested D.guaranteed35.

A.benefit B.follow C.control D.disturb四、语法填空(本大题共1小题,共15.0分)36.Nakedmarriage(裸婚)referstoamarriagewithoutacar,ahouse,aweddingring(1)______evenaweddingparty.Thecouplejustgetsregisteredatthegovernmentoffice.Marriage(2)______(regard)asacardinalissuesinceancienttimes.However,nakedmarriagehasbecomethemostfashionableweddingstyleforthosewhowerebornafter(3)______1980s.

UnlikethetraditionalChineseviewofmarriage,youngpeopletodayplacemoreemphasis(4)______independenceandmarriagefreedom,sotheimportanceofaweddingpartyis(5)______(significant)weakened.Meanwhile,aperson'smaritalstatus(婚姻状况)isconsideredtobeoneofthemostimportant(6)______(aspect)ofprivacy.

WhydoyoungChinesepeopleprefernakedmarriagenowadays?Theremaybelotsofreasons,twoof(7)______overweightheothers.Oneisoutof(8)______(society)pressure,andtheotherisoutofthepursuanceofpurelove.Theybelieveahappymarriagehasnothingtodowithaceremoniousweddingparty.Aslongasyouchoosetherightperson(9)______(marry),youwillenjoyhappinessthewholelifewithorwithoutaweddingparty.

Thesociologistsstatethatnakedmarriageisworth(10)______(advocate)stronglyamongyoungpeoplebecauseitdemonstratescivilizationandprogress.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达(本大题共2小题,共40.0分)37.假定你是学生会主席李华。你校将于下个月举行英语诗歌朗诵比赛,请给你校外教Crystal写一封邮件,邀请她担任评委,内容包括:

(1)比赛时间、地点;

(2)需要做的事(发言、点评参赛者的表现等)。

注意:(1)写作词数应为80个左右;

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearCrystal,________

Yours,LiHua38.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

"Itisthelastdayofschoolandtheholidaysarestarting.Enjoyyourholidays!"OurScienceteacher,MissSeet,announcedtothestudents.Everyonewasoverthemoonwhentheyheardaboutthegoodnews.WhenMissSeetdismissedus,JackaskedmeifIwantedtoracedownthestairswithhim."Jack,youknowthatyoushouldnotrundownthestairsbecauseyoumightgethurt,"IwarnedhimasIwasfeelingworried.Iknewthatsomethingterriblemighthappen.

"Comeon,don'tbeacoward(胆小鬼).Areyouscared?"Jackrepliedboastfully.

"Iamnotscared!IjustdonotwanttohurtmyselfbecauseIamgoingtoHongKongDisneyland.IfIgethurt,Ican'tgotoHongKongDisneyland!"Iroared.

"Whatever,Iwilljustrundownthestairsbymyself.IamgoingtoSentosalateranyway!"Jackshoutedback.WhileJackwasrunningdownthestairs,hekeptyelling,"Coward,coward,coward!"IcouldnotbelievewhatIheard.Jackwasmybestfriend!IthoughtforawhileandrealizedthatJackwasnotaverygoodfriend.JackcontinuedsprintingdownthestairswhenInoticedthattherewasapencilonthefloor!BeforeIcouldinformhim,Isawthathehadsteppedonthepencil.

Thud!Tomyhorror,JacklosthisfootingandstartedtofalldownthestairsandIknewhewouldfallallthewaytothefootofthestaircase.Irusheddownthestairs.Usually,whenIrun,Idonotrunquickly,butthistime,IknewIhadtorunasquicklyaslightning.ButJackhadfallentooquickly,evenfasterthanlightning.Icouldnotcatchupwithhimatall!BythetimeIreachedthefootofthestaircase,Jackhadalreadybeenlyingonthefloor.

注意,(1)续写词数应为150个左右:

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

IcouldnotbelievewhatIsaw.________

Whenschoolreopened,Jackwasinawheelchair.________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、A、B【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据UniversityofOtago部分WiththelongesthistoryinNewZealand,itranksamongthetoptwouniversitiesofNewZealand,andamongthetop309universitiesintheworld.(它是新西兰历史最悠久的大学,在新西兰大学中排名前两名,在世界大学中排名前309名。)可知奥塔哥大学是新西兰最古老的大学。故选B。

(2)细节理解题。根据MasseyUniversity部分Theuniversityisaheavenforinternationalstudentsasmorethan3,000studentsfromaround100countriesstudyhere.(这所大学是国际学生的天堂,来自100多个国家的3000多名学生在这里学习。)可知MasseyUniversity是国际学生最好的选择。故选A。

(3)推理判断题。根据这几个大学的建立时间Establishedin1883,itisalsooneoftheoldestones.(它成立于1883年,也是最古老的学校之一);Establishedin1869inOtago,theuniversitycontinuestoofferthebesteducationalpractices,asapartofits150-year-oldlegacy.(该大学于1869年在奥塔哥成立,作为其150年历史的一部分,它继续提供最好的教育实践);Foundedin1893,theuniversityconsistsofmainlyfivecollegesordepartments.(该大学成立于1893年,主要由五个学院或系组成);Establishedin1927,itranksamongthetopfouruniversitiesofNewZealand,andtop531universitiesintheworld.(它成立于1927年,是新西兰排名前四的大学,也是世界排名前531的大学。)可知这四所大学的共同之处是它们有一个多世纪的历史。故选B。

这篇短文主要介绍了新西兰的一些大学,包括奥克兰大学、奥塔哥大学、坎特伯雷大学和梅西大学。这些大学在新西兰和世界范围内都有很高的排名和声誉。它们提供各种不同领域的课程,吸引了来自世界各地的学生。这些大学的历史悠久,教育质量也很高。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。4~7.【答案】C、B、C、D【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据第一段"HehadpublishedthefirstofhismanyscientificpapersinthePhilosophicalMagazineentitled"Ontheactionofaflameurgedbytheblowpipeonotherflames"atage14.Shortlyafterthishissecondpublication"OnthedetectionofBarytaorStrontiawheninunionwithLime"appearedinthesamejournal.(14岁时,他在《哲学》杂志上发表了许多科学论文中的第一篇,题为"关于吹管推动的火焰对其他火焰的作用"。不久之后,他的第二篇出版物《关于与Lime结合时检测到Baryta或Strontia》也出现在同一杂志上。)"可推理出,青少年时期的托马斯•安德鲁斯对科学非常感兴趣,故选C。

(2)细节理解题。根据第二段"ThereheworkedinthelaboratoriesofJ.B.DumasandL.J.Thenard,wherehelearnedchemicalanalysisfromthesemostdistinguishedFrenchanalyticalchemists(在那里,他在J.B.Dumas和L.J.Thenard的实验室工作,在那里他从这些最杰出的法国分析化学家那里学习化学分析)"可知,托马斯•安德鲁斯到巴黎的目的是向法国科学家学习,故选B。

(3)细节理解题。根据最后一段".Usingnarrow-bore,thickglasscapillarytubes(毛细管),tocontaingasesunderextremeconditionsoftemperatureandpressure,hewasabletoshowthatBoyle'sLawdidnotapplyintheseextremeconditions.(在极端的温度和压力条件下,他使用窄口径、厚玻璃毛细管来容纳气体,从而证明博伊尔定律不适用于这些极端条件)"可知,此处提到博伊尔定律的目的是为了说明安德鲁斯的发现,故选C。

(4)推理判断题。根据第一段"ThomasAndrewswasborninBelfastin1813(托马斯•安德鲁斯1813年出生于贝尔法斯特)"以及"HehadpublishedthefirstofhismanyscientificpapersinthePhilosophicalMagazineentitled"Ontheactionofaflameurgedbytheblowpipeonotherflames"atage14(14岁时,他在《哲学》杂志上发表了许多科学论文中的第一篇,题为"关于吹管推动的火焰对其他火焰的作用"。)"可知,安德鲁斯的第一篇论文发表于1827年。根据第二段"Hestartedhisformalstudyofchemistryin1828atGlasgowUniversity(1828年,他在格拉斯哥大学开始了他的正式化学学习)"可知,安德鲁斯在发表了第一篇论文后的1828年开始在格拉斯哥大学学习化学。根据第二段"At23hebecameaphysicianinBelfast(23岁时,他成为了贝尔法斯特的一名医生)"可推理出安德鲁斯在1836年成为了贝尔法斯特的一名医生。根据"WhentheQueen'sCollegeopenedin1845,hebecameitsfirstprofessorofchemistry,aswellasitsVice-President(1845年女王学院开学时,他成为该学院的第一位化学教授和副院长。)"可知,安德鲁斯于1845年被任命为女王学院的副院长,由此可推理出正确的顺序为:b-c-a-d,故选D。

本文主要介绍了托马斯•安德鲁斯的生平和科学成就。安德鲁斯是一位出生于1813年的贸易商人之子,他在14岁时就发表了他的第一篇科学论文。他在格拉斯哥大学学习化学,并在巴黎的实验室工作,学习了化学分析。回到都柏林后,他在都柏林三一学院完成了医学学习,并成为贝尔法斯特学院的化学教授。他的实验发现导致了气体的液化,他还成为了许多科学学会的成员,并在1867年成为英国科学促进协会的主席。

做阅读理解题目的时候,首先要将文章通读,然后在题目中找到关键词,并在文中定位关键信息,结合原文和题目有针对性地进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。8~11.【答案】C、B、C、D【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据文章第二段BrazilianresearcherLuizPereiratoldthemediathathefirsthadtheideawhenpassingthroughArgentina'scapitalBuenosAirestolearnSpanish(巴西研究员路易斯•佩雷拉告诉媒体,他第一次有这个想法是在路过阿根廷首都布宜诺斯艾利斯学习西班牙语时)可知路易斯•佩雷拉在出国留学途中第一次注意到花生在一杯啤酒中跳舞。故选C。

(2)细节理解题。根据文章第二段Hundredsoftinybubbles(气泡)ofCO2formontheirsurface.Thebubblesactasfloatationdevicesthatcarrythepeanutsupward.(数百个微小的二氧化碳气泡在它们的表面形成。气泡起到漂浮装置的作用,将花生向上运送。)可知它们表面的气泡使花生浮在啤酒的上面。故选B。

(3)细节理解题。根据文章最后一段ThesameprocesscanalsoexplainwhyvolcanoscientistsfindthatthemineralmagnetiterisestohigherlayersinEarth'scrustthanexpected.(同样的过程也可以解释为什么火山科学家发现磁铁矿上升到比预期更高的地壳层。)可知最后一段主要讲了"啤酒-煤气-花生系统"的过程。故选C。

(4)标题归纳题。根据文章第一段Whenpeanutsaredroppedintoaglassofbeer,theysinktothebottombeforefloatingupand"dancing"intheglass.Scientistsinvestigatedthisprocessinastudyinvolvingthealcoholicdrinkbeer.Theresearchhelpedthemunderstandmineralextraction(提炼)ormagma(岩浆)inthelayerofEarthcalledthecrust.(当花生被放入一杯啤酒中时,它们会沉到底部,然后漂浮起来,在玻璃杯中"跳舞"。科学家在一项涉及酒精饮料啤酒的研究中调查了这一过程。这项研究有助于他们了解地壳层中的矿物提取或岩浆。)可知本文主要讲述了花生在啤酒中的浮沉过程,并与地壳中的矿物提取或岩浆有关的研究进行了比较。因此D.ThePrincipleinMineralExtraction(矿物提取原理)是本文的最佳标题。故选D。

本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了花生在啤酒中的浮沉过程,并与地壳中的矿物提取或岩浆有关的研究进行了比较。

一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。

二、看题干,带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。

四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。12~15.【答案】A、C、B、D【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据文章第二段Howdothesepathsdiffer?Whatarethedangersofaneasylife?Whataretherewardsofahardlife?Howdoyoustarttakingthepathofmostresistance?Let'scoverallthesequestions.(这些路径有何不同?安逸的生活有哪些危险?辛苦生活的回报是什么?如何开始走阻力最大的路?让我们涵盖所有这些问题。)可知第二段提问的目的是介绍内容。故选A。

(2)猜测词义题。根据文章第三段Thisisoftencombinedwithavoidingphysicalactivitybecauseit'stooexhaustinganduncomfortable.Itmayfeelniceatfirstbutallthatindulgencehasaveryhighprice.(这通常与避免体力活动相结合,因为它太累了,太不舒服了。一开始可能感觉不错,但是所有的放纵都有很高的代价。)可知indulgence的意思是"为快乐而行动的习惯"。A.Aseriousweaknessofhumans.人类的一个严重弱点;B.Adecisionwithoutfullinformation.没有充分信息的决定;C.Ahabitofactingtopleasures.为快乐而行动的习惯;D.Achoicemadewithcarefulthinking.经过深思熟虑做出的选择。故选C。

(3)细节理解题。根据文章第三段Mostpeopleinthemodernworldfollowthispath,andthisiswhysomanypeoplestrugglewithalackofself-discipline,goodhabits,etc.(现代世界的大多数人都遵循这条道路,这就是为什么这么多人在缺乏自律、良好习惯等问题上苦苦挣扎。)可知他们低水平的自律导致了人们的肥胖。故选B。

(4)细节理解题。根据文章第四段Thepathofmostresistanceisaboutchoosingtheoptionthatwillleadtomorepersonalgrowth,evenifitmeanssufferingintheearlystagesoftheprocess(大多数阻力的路径是关于选择将导致更多个人成长的选项,即使这意味着在过程的早期阶段遭受痛苦)可知吃一些你不喜欢的东西来平衡你的饮食代表了最大的阻力。故选D。

本文是一篇说明文。主要写了人们通常选择最简单的方式,即最少阻力的道路。

一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。

二、看题干,带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。

四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。16~20.【答案】A、E、D、G、F【解析】(1)主题判断题。根据后句Ifyouliveinanareathatisoftenflooded-orevenifyoudon't-it'sagoodideatobepreparedfortheworst(如果你住在一个经常被洪水淹没的地区,或者即使你没有,做好最坏的打算是个好主意),可知表示"提前做好准备"的选项A可以作为本段的主题,故选A。

(2)推理判断题。根据前句Andknowthedifferencebetweenaflood"watch"and"warning"(知道洪水"监视"和"警告"之间的区别);以及后句Butafloodwarningmeansfloodingisalreadyoccurringorwilloccursoon(但洪水警报意味着洪水已经发生或即将发生),可知表示"洪水预警意味着你所在地区可能发生洪水"的选项E符合前后的语境,介绍warning的含义,故选E。

(3)推理判断题。根据前句Haveanemergencysurvivalkitonhand(手头有应急救生包),可知表示"它应该装满至少三天的补给品"的选项D可以承接前句,介绍应急救生包里面的物品,故选D。

(4)推理判断题。根据前句Beawarethatflashfloodingcanoccur(请注意可能会发生山洪暴发);以及后句Donotwaitforinstructionstomove(不要等待指令移动),可知表示"如果有可能发生这样的洪水,立即转移到地势较高的地方"的选项G符合前后的语境,介绍发生洪水时的做法,故选G。

(5)推理判断题。根据前句Ifyouhavetowalkinwater,walkwherethewaterisnotmoving(如果你必须在水中行走,就走在水不流动的地方),可知表示"用棍子检查你面前地面的牢固程度"的选项F可以承接前句,介绍在水里行走时注意的问题,故选F。

这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了应对洪水灾难的正确做法。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。21~35.【答案】C、D、A、B、A、B、C、A、D、C、B、C、D、B、A【解析】(1)考查形容词及语境理解。A.honest诚实的;B.enthusiastic热情的;C.patient耐心的;D.responsible负责任的。句意:令我惊讶的是,列车长耐心等待,没有像其他列车长通常那样催促我快点。根据下文waitwithouturgingmetohurryup可知,这个乘务员足够耐心。故选C。

(2)考查副词及语境理解。A.formally正式;B.eventually最后;C.suddenly突然;D.usually通常。句意:令我惊讶的是,

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