Unit1词汇讲解-2024年高考英语一轮复习夯实基础（北师大版2019）

2024年高考英语一轮复习夯实基础（北师大版2019）必修BookUnit1词汇讲解senior的.级别（或地位）高的；高级水平的n.较……年长的人；级别（或地位）较高者［先做］——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义①Sheisseniortome,asshejoinedthecompanybeforeme.②Ticketsatthegateare$10,$7forseniors（age55andup）.老年人［后教］beseniorto...比年长/资历深/职位高［佳句背诵］Itcoversawidevarietyoftopicstoattractseniorstudents,leadingusintotheouterworldasasilentfriend.它涵盖了各种各样的话题来吸引高中生，作为一个沉默的朋友引导我们进入外面的世界。（2021•新高考全国卷I满分作文）背诵点书面表达之投稿［名师点津］有些形容词本身就含有“比……更……”之意，不与than搭配，要与介词to连用，这样的形容词还有junior、prior、inferiorssuperiorochallenging或小有挑战性的；有吸引力的［先做］一单句语法填空/单句改错①(2020•全国卷I)Landingonthemoon*sfarsideisextremelychallenging(challenge).②Heacceptedhisfriend'schallengetoswim(swim)acrosstheriver.(3)1quicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenging,challengingfchallenged［后教］(l)challengen.挑战；难题；质疑vt.挑战；怀疑achallengeto... 对的挑战takeon/meet/face/issueachallenge接受/应对/面临/发起挑战①(译林必修三U3)TheInternethasthepowertoconnect(connect)peopleacrosstheworldtoasinglesharedcommunity.②I'mterriblysorrythatit'sbeyondmypowertomakeafinaldecisionontheproject.③(2022,北京卷)Thisfive-year-oldtaughtmeapowerful(power)lessoninfaith.④I'mafraidit'snotmypowertogettheworkdoneinsuchashorttime.在not后力口within/in［后教］有能力/权利做某事在某人能力范围有能力/权利做某事在某人能力范围之内某人力所不能及(2)within/inone'spowerbeyond/outofone'spowerdoeverything/allinone*spower(todosth.)尽力而为(做某事)(3)powerfuladj.强大的；有权力的［佳句背诵］Itissaidthatthiskindofbatterycanpoweranelectriccarfor600milesonasinglecharge.据说这种电池充电一次就能驱动一辆电动汽车行驶600英里。responsible负责的；有责任心的［先做］一单句语法填空(DAsaresponsibleperson,Imustshouldermyresponsibilitytohelpthemresponsibly.(responsible)②(2022•全国乙卷)Chinahasaresponsibility(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.［后教］对 对 负责责任；义务对 负责责任感(2)responsibilityn.takeresponsibilityfor...asenseofresponsibilityItisone'sresponsibilitytodosth.做某事是某人的职责。［佳句背诵］Frommypointofview,it'sourresponsibilitytospreadtraditionalChineseculturetotheworld.就我个人而言，向世界传播中国传统文化是我们的责任。背诵点书面表达之传统文化背诵点书面表达之传统文化contribution〃・贡献；捐款［先做］——单句语法填空/单句改错①Thewriterpersonallycontributed£5,000totheflood-strickenareaandallhiscontributions(contribute)weregratefullyreceived.②Doingsmallthingswellcontributestobuildupourconfidenceandhelpingusmeetbiggerchallengesinthefuture,buildfbuilding［后教］(l)makecontributions/acontributionto...对做出贡献(2)contributevi.&vt.捐献，捐赠；捐助；增加contribute...to... 把捐献给contributeto 有助于；导致；投稿［佳句背诵］ThenextdayIwenttothefarmagainandfeltgladtomakecontributionstothehousehold.第二天，我又去了农场，很高兴能为家里做点贡献。(2021•浙江卷6月)［联想发散］表示“导致”的还有leadto、resultin>cause、bringaboutgiveriseto、generate等。18*intend”.计划，打算；想要［先做］一单句语法填空①(2022•新高考全国卷I0分作文)Intended(intend)toenrichstudents*schoollife,ourprogramfeaturesthefunofEnglish.②(译林必修三U4)Inthe1960s,manypeopleweredyingofmalaria,andin1969Tubecameheadofateamthatintendedfinding/tofind(行nd)acureforthedisease.［后教］打算做某事(l)intenddoing/todosth.打算做某事intendsb.todosth.打算让某人做某事intendsb.todosth.打算让某人做某事hadintendedtodosth.本来打算做某事(2)intendedadj.hadintendedtodosth.本来打算做某事(2)intendedadj.为……打算（或设计）的beintendedtodo.../for...专门为做beintendedtodo.../for...专门为做・・・・・・/为・・・・・・设计(3)intentionn.(1)adapt(oneself)to（使自己）适应于adaptsth.from...根据……改编某物beadaptedfor...为……而改写/改编(3)intentionn.(1)adapt(oneself)to（使自己）适应于adaptsth.from...根据……改编某物beadaptedfor...为……而改写/改编(2)adaptableadj.能适应的；可修改的打算，目的，意图才包有 才包有 的目的［佳句背诵］Ourprogram,“TalkandTalk”,isintendedtoshareEnglishlearningmethodsandexperiencewithstudents.我们的“TalkandTalk”节目旨在与学生分享英语学习方法和经验。(2022•新高考全国卷I满分作文)adaptvi.&".(使)适应；改编［先做］——单句语法填空①(2020,全国卷HI满分作文)I'mwritingtoaskforyourguidanceonashortplay,whichisadapted(adapt)fromoneofourtexts.②Mike,MaryandIhadadiscussionabouttheadaptation(adapt)oftheclassicliteratureyesterday.［后教］adaptationadaptationn.适应；改编；改编本［佳句背诵］Luckily,hemanagedtoadapttohisnewschoollifeandsoonmadenewfriends.幸运的是，他成功适应了新的学校生活，很快就交了新朋友。［名师点津］形近词辨析：(l)adapt适应、改编fadopt采纳、收养;(2)desert沙漠fdessert甜点;(3)expect期待fexpert专家；(4)access接近fassess评估；(5)aboard在船上一abroad在国外moment几•片刻；瞬间；机遇［先做］一单句语法填空/单句改错①(2021•新高考全国卷I)Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.②Butatthemoment,schoolcomesfirst.Idon'twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.③Hlbebackafteramoment,andifyouneedanything,justwaveatme!afterfin［后教］atthemoment 此亥h目前，眼下，现在foramoment 片亥“，一会儿inamoment 马上，过一会儿(常用于将来时)themoment 就(引导时间状语从句)［佳句背诵］Thebossishavingatalkwithsomeworkersatthemoment.Butyoucanwaithereforamoment.Thetalkwillbeoverinamoment.老板此时正在和一些工人谈话，但你可以稍等片刻，谈话马上就结束了。lookforwardto盼望［先做］——语段填空CPLooking(look)backonthepast,IregrettedIhadwastedsomuchwonderfultime.Fortunately,Idecidedtomakeachangeandlookedthroughmanybooksabouttimemanagement.ThenImadeascheduletoworkhard,lookingforwardtomaking(make)progressinstudy.Finally,Ibecameasuccessfulmanthatwaslooked(look)uptobyothers.［后教］lookback(on)回忆，回顾注意察看，留心lookdownon/uponlookinto回忆，回顾注意察看，留心lookdownon/uponlookintolookthroughlookupto轻视，瞧不起调查；向 里看浏览；温习尊敬，敬仰［佳句背诵］Atlast,Ihopeourfriendshipwilllastforever.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.最后，我希望我们的友谊能地久天长。期待您的早日回复。（2022♦浙江卷1月满分作文）［名师点津］lookforward意为“向前看''时，其后所接动词不定式表示目的。dealwith处理；对付；安排；涉及；和……做生意；解决；与……打交道［先做］——写出下列句中dealwith的含义①(2021•全国甲卷)Onlyafewchoosetodealwiththeproblemontheirown.处理②Mosttravelagentsdonotdealdirectlywiththesecompanies•彳口做生意③Herpoemsoftendealwiththesubjectofdeath.涉及④Sheisusedtodealingwithallkindsofpeopleinherjob.与打交道(1)dealin(2)makeadeal(1)dealin(2)makeadeal做……生意；经营；买卖达成协议；做成交易It'sadeal.成交;一言为定。(3)agreat/gooddealof许多;大量（后接不可数名词）agreat/gooddeal许多;大量（用作主语、宾语或状语）It'sadeal.成交;一言为定。(3)agreat/gooddealof许多;大量（后接不可数名词）agreat/gooddeal许多;大量（用作主语、宾语或状语）［佳句背诵］Thankstopapermakingandprinting,agreatdealofancientinformationhasbeenkeptinbooks.多亏了造纸术和印刷术，大量的古代信息才得以保存在书籍中。aswellas也；既又 ；不但而且；和一样好［先做］一单句语法填空①Aswellashaving(have)difficultyadaptingherselftothenewschoollife,shefoundtheculturedifferencewasanotherchallengeforher.背诵点书面表达之学校生活②(2020•天5聿卷7月满分作文)Ourheadteacheraswellasfivestudentrepresentativeswasinvited(invite)todeliveraspeechatyesterday*scoming-of-ageceremony.③Thedeadlinefortheprojectisaroundthecorner,sowemay/mightaswellgetsomehelp.［后教］(l)aswellas可以连接两个平行结构，连接并列主语时谓语动词与前面的主语一致;(2)aswell意为“也、又、还”，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用；(3)may/mightaswelldosth.意为“倒不如做某事;不妨做某事”。［佳句背诵］Thereissolidevidencethatwehumansarenottakinggoodcareoftheoceans,suchasplasticpollution,oilleak,risingsealevelsaswellasextremeweathers.有确凿的证据表明，我们人类没有好好爱护海洋，比如塑料污染、石油泄漏、海平面上升以及极端天气。(2022•全国甲卷满分作文)背诵点书面表达之环境保护单元重点句型find+宾语+宾语补足语(教材原句)You'lloftenfindmesittinginfrontofmylaptop.你会经常发现我坐在笔记本电脑前面。［先做］单句语法填空/单句改错①(2021♦天津卷3月)Walkinginthenaturereserve,you'llfindyourselfattracted(attract)bytheamazingscenery.②Youwillcertainlyfindtheartexhibitionveryenjoyable(enjoy)andfallinlovewiththeart.③AfterIarrivedinAmerica,Ifoundmyselfliveinacompletelystrangeforeignculture.livefliving［后教］〃动词-ing形式动词-ed形式(l)find+宾语+彳形容词(介词短语(2)在“find+it+形容词/名词+todo…”句型中，it是形式宾语，todo…是真正的宾语。［佳句背诵］Thetwinsfounditdelightfultopreparebreakfastfortheirmother.这对双胞胎觉得为母亲做早餐很愉快。(2021•新高考全国卷I)sothat引导目的状语从句(教材原句)1amalwaysattentiveinallclassesandthinkactively,sothatIcanhavemorefreetimetodootherthingsthatI'minterestedinafterschool.我在所有课堂上总是专心听讲并积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事情。［先做］——一句多译(倡导和谐人际关系)她给诺尔提供了一顿免费的饭和一张床，以便他能睡一夜好觉。①SheprovidedNoelafreemealandabedsothathecouldgetagoodnight'ssleep.②SheprovidedNoelafreemealandabedinorderthathecouldgetagoodnight'ssleep.［后教］(l)sothat引导目的状语从句，相当于inorderthat,从句中往往含有情态动词，如can、could>may>might等；(2)sothat也可以引导结果状语从句，此时从句中往往没有情态动词。［佳句背诵］Weshouldsortthegarbageproperlysothattheycanbetreatedeasilyanddifferently.我们应该对垃圾进行适当的分类，这样它们就可以很容易地被区别对待。背诵点书面表达之环境保护在分词短语作伴随状语(教材原句)Afteralongday,ZhangTianfinallygotbacktohissmallroom,feelingtired.漫长的一天过后，张天疲惫不堪，终于回到了自己的小窝。［先做］一单句语法填空/单句改错①Wecollectedallthemoneyandpapersatonce,putting(put)theminthedrawer.②Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,staring(stare)atthenightsky.(3)1haveaverybusylifewithnotimetositaroundfeltsorryformyself.felLfeeling［后教］feelingtired是v.-ing形式作伴随状语，表示伴随情况。(l)o.-ing形式作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等；(2%.-ing形式除在句中作状语外，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。［佳句背诵IHerosetohisfeet,crossedtheroomandhuggedmetightly,cryingwithoutcontrol.他站起来，穿过房间，紧紧地拥抱我，不受控制地哭了起来。分否定(教材原句)However,noteverythingliveduptoZhangTian'shopes.但是，并不是每件事都像张天希望的那样。［先做］——补全句子①Noteveryonecanseizethechance(不是每个人都能抓住机会)whenitappearsbeforeus.②TomasksJackandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,butneitherofiheniwaulslo(他们两个都不想去)，becausetheyhaveworktodo.③Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon'tagreewitheverythingthatyousaid(并非同意你讲的一切）.［后教］⑴当all>both、each(body/one/thing)>always>whole>entirely等具有总括意义的代词和副词与not连用时，构成部分否定，意为“不是……都；并非……都”；(2)表示否定意义的词(组Xneither、none、nothing等)与肯定式谓语连用时，构成全部否定。［佳句背诵］OurEnglishteacherisexcellent,butshecan!helpeveryoneintheclassin50minutes.我们的英语老师非常棒，但是她不可能在50分钟内帮助班里的每一位同学。challengesb.to(do)sth. 向某人挑战(做)某事/要求某人做某事(2)challengedadj.受到挑战的［佳句背诵］ManyChinesebrands,havingdevelopedtheirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodemmarket.很多享誉数百年的中国品牌现在正面临着现代市场带来的新挑战。3.schedule〃•日程表，计划表”.为……安排时间；列入［先做］一单句语法填空①Weshouldworkextrahoursontheprojecttocompleteitonscheduleorevenaheadofschedule.②Asscheduled(schedule),duringyourstayatourschool,wewillfirstgiveyouatourofourschool.［后教］(l)onschedule准时；按时间表aheadofschedule提前(2)bescheduledtodosth.按计划要做某事asscheduled正如预期的那样［佳句背诵］Findingtimeforbothstudiesandextra-curricularactivitiesisabigchallenge,soIneedtomakeaworkableschedule.找到时间兼顾学习和课外活动是一项巨大的挑战，因此我需要制定一个切实可行的［联想发散］意为“提前”的其他表达：inadvance>aheadoftimeo4.expectation".期待；预料，预期［先做］——单句语法填空①(2022•新高考全国卷H)Thecouplehasahighsuccessrateingettingacceptedashousesittersandtheyalwaysgobeyondthehomeownefsexpectations(expect).②(2022•全国甲卷)PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeat(eat)withautensilineachhand.③(2021•新高考全国卷I)AsItoldmyparentsatdinnerthatfirstnight,itwasallalittlemorehigh-pressurethanIhadexpected(expect).［后教］(l)outoiVbeyondone'sexpectations超出某人的预期liveupto/meet(one's)expectations不负(某人的)期望(2)expectv.(2)expectv.预料；期待；期望；认为expect(sb.)todosth.期待（某人）做某事expect(sb.)todosth.期待（某人）做某事(3)expectedadj.(3)expectedadj.asexpected预料的，预期的按计划进行，不出所料［佳句背诵］Improvingtheteachingqualityisthecommonexpectationoftheeducationdepartments,andalsotheimportantelementofsocialcompetitiveforceofschool.提高教学质量是教育部门各方共同努力所期望的，也是学校提高社会竞争力的重要手段。rangen.一系列；范围加.(在一定范围内)变化；包括，涉及；排列［先做］——单句语法填空/单句改错①Theoperahasalargeaudience,ranging(range)fromchildrentograndparents.②(2021•全国乙卷)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.③Thepriceofthehouseissohighthatitiswellwithinourrange,withinfbeyond［后教］(l)awiderangeof...beyond/outofrange在射程外；在范围外beyond/outofrange在射程外；在范围外withinrange在射程内；在范围内intherangeof...to...(2)rangefrom...to...withinrange在射程内；在范围内intherangeof...to...(2)rangefrom...to...在……到……范围内包括从 到 ；在 至 范围内变动rangebetween...and...在rangebetween...and...在 和 范围内变动［佳句背诵］Franklyspeaking,thereareawiderangeofwaystolearnEnglishbeyondtheclass,butitisimportanttofindonethatsuitsyoubest.坦率地说，课堂之外学习英语的方法有很多，但重要的是找到一个最适合你的方法。（2022•全国乙卷满分作文）背诵点书面表达之投稿6.various.各种各样的；多种(类型)的［先做］——单句语法填空/语段填空①(2022•新高考全国卷I满分作文)Asaninterviewprogram,weofteninvitespecialgueststoshareopinionsonvarious(vary)topics.©Varietiesofafter-classactivitieswillbeheld,varyingfromtheEnglishCornertotheLiteratureClub.Sowestudentscangetvariousexperiences.(vary)［后教］（1）varyvi.（根据情况）变化；改变varyin... 在（大小、形状等）上不同varywith/by... 随变化/改变（2）varietyn.种种；多样化种种；各种各样的avarietyofVvarietiesof种种；各种各样的［佳句背诵］Somestudentsexpressedtheirgreatconcernforthesituationofwildanimals,andothersputforwardawidevarietyofmeasurestoprotectthem.一些学生表达了他们对野生动物状况的极大关注，其他学生提出了各种各样的措施来保护它们。背诵点书面表达之保护动物背诵点书面表达之保护动物convenientadj.方便的，便利的［先做］——语段填空/单句语法填空①Fmsorryfortheinconveniencecausedbymymistakes.IwonderifitisconvenientforyoutocomeonThursday.Ifnot,youcancomeatyourconvenience,(convenient)②Inaword,ifwehadsuchamagicwatch,ourlifewouldbecomemoreconvenient(convenience).［后教］(l)Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.某人方便做某事(2)conveniencen.(2)conveniencen.atone'sconvenienceforconvenience便利；方便在某人方便的时候为了方便起见(3)inconveniencen.(3)inconveniencen.不便inconvenientadj.不方便的「佳句背诵］Doletmeknowifit'sconvenientforyou.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply.如果你方便的话，请告诉我。如果您能早日给我答复，我将不胜感激。（2022•新高考全国卷I满分作文）［名师点津］convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，常用it作形式主语。addict〃•对着迷的人成.使上瘾；使沉迷［先做］——单句语法填空①Herhusbandaddictedhimself(he)tosmoking,whichhadabadeffectonhishealth.②Hearingthatheryoungerbrotherhasbecomeanaddictwhoisaddicted(addict)totheInternet,Annieisveryconcernedabouthimforhisaddiction(addict).［后教］(1)addictoneselftosth. 某人沉溺于某事(2)addictedadj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的be/becomeaddictedto... 对入迷；对上瘾(3)addictionn.瘾；入迷；嗜好［佳句背诵］Learningthatyouareaddictedtotabletennis,Iamwritingtosincerelyinviteyoutojointhetabletennisteaminourschool.得知你对乒乓球很入迷，我写信诚邀你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。背诵点书面表达之邀请信背诵点书面表达之邀请信aim〃.目的，意图；瞄准况.力求达到；目的是；瞄准；针对［先做］一单句语法填空/单句改错①Iamaimingtotry(try)outforatalentshowtoprovethatevenapersonwithnoarmsiscapableofplayingthepiano.②Itwasanewproductiontechniquewiththeaimatminimizingwastage.aLof［后教］(l)achieveone'saim实现目标(l)achieveone'saim实现目标takeaimat...向takeaimat...向 瞄准withtheaimof...以withtheaimof...以 为目标；意在(2)aimtodosth.意欲/旨在做某事(2)aimtodosth.意欲/旨在做某事beaimedat目的是，旨在(3)aimlessadj.beaimedat目的是，旨在(3)aimlessadj.无目的的；无目标的aimlesslyadv.aimlesslyadv.漫无目的地；无目标地［佳句背t甬］WewillhaveanEnglishdramacompetition,whoseaimistoenrichourextracurricularactivities.=WewillhaveanEnglishdramacompetition,theaimofwhichistoenrichourextracurricularactivities.我们将举办一次英语戏剧比赛，其目的是丰富我们的课外活动。背诵点书面表达之通知背诵点suffervi.&".遭受(痛苦)［先做］一单句语法填空①Thesmilesontheirfaceshavedeeplytouchedmeandinspiredmetodevotemylifetohelpingthosesuffering(suffer)pains.②Peopleofthedisasterareasufferedalotfromthetyphoon,andwaterandelectricitywerehardtoget.［后教］(l)sufferalotofpainsufferseveredamage遭受巨大的痛苦损失惨重sufferfrom...患病；因受苦(2)sufferingn.苦恼；让人痛苦的事sufferern.患难者；患病者［佳句背诵］Inthesedaysoftechnologicalchangeweallsufferfrominformationoverload.在这科技日新月异的时代，过多的信息使我们应接不暇。11.reduce”.减少；降低；缩小［先做］—单句语法填空①Itwassofoggythatthedriverhadtoreducethespeedtofortykilometersanhour.②Withgreateffort,shehasreducedherweightbyfivekilogramsinthepast7days.③Recentyearshaveseenanincreaseinactivitiesforthereduction(reduce)ofsmogduetoitsharmfuleffectsonbothhumansandtheenvironment.［后教］(l)reduce…by... 把减少了reduce...to... 把减少到 ;把变为某种状态bereducedto 陷入某种境地(to为介词)(2)reductionn.降低；减少［佳句背诵］Oneofthebestwaystoreducestressistotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.缓解压力最好的方法之一是与你信任的人谈谈你的感受。背诵点书面表达之建议信12.typical.典型的；一贯的；平常的［先做］一单句语法填空/单句改错①(2020,江苏卷改编)The10peoplewerechosenfortheexperimentbecausetheirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.②Itistypicalforhimtofancyhimselfinspiteof