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附录A外文原文Configurecommunication1.ConfigurecommunicationIntroductionThischaptercontainsinformationonconfiguringthecommunicationbetweenWinCCandanautomationsystem.Thischapteralsodescribeshowyoucreateandscaletags.GeneralprocedureUsetheeditor"Tagmanagement"toconfigurethecommunication.Youwillneedatleastthefollowingcomponentstoconfigurethecommunication:=1\*GB3①Onechannelwithchannelunits=2\*GB3②Oneconnection=3\*GB3③OneprocesstagInpractice,youwillachieveaccesstothecurrentprocessvaluesoftheautomationsystembytheconfiguredcommunication.Youdonotneedanautomationsystemforthe"Quick_Start"project.Inthisproject,thevaluesaretransportedviaaninternaltagwithinWinCC.TheconfigurationofthecommunicationbetweenWinCCandtheautomationsystemaswellasthelinearscalingoftheprocesstagsareonlyintendedasexercisesforpractice.2.CheckthechannelsandconnectionsinWinCCIntroductionViathechannelsandconnectionsyouwilldetermineclearly,howtheautomationsystemisconnectedtoWinCC.ThechannelsThechannelsarespecializedcommunicationdrivers.Thechannelsallowthesupplyofprocessvaluesfromtheautomationsystemtotheprocesstags.WinCCprovidesavarietyofchannelstoconnectdifferentautomationsystems.InWinCC,youcanalsousechannels,viawhichvaluesaretransferredtotheautomationsystemfromWinCC.Youwillcontroltheprocessviathesechannels.ThechannelunitsThechannelshavedifferentchannelunitsforthedifferentcommunicationnetworks.Thischannelunitisthenusedtoaccesstoacertaintypeofautomationsystem.Achannelunitservesasaninterfacewithexactlyoneunderlyinghardwaredriverandthereforetoexactlyonecommunicationprocessorinthecomputer.TheconnectionsInchannelunits,youwillconfigureconnectionstothevariousautomationsystems.Eachconnectiondescribestheinterfacetoanindividual,definedautomationsystem.ThedataexchangewilltakeplaceviatheconnectionsinRuntime.3.TagsinWinCCIntroductionThetagsinWinCCrepresenteitherrealvaluesorinternalvalues.TheinternalvaluesarecalculatedorsimulatedwithinWinCC.WinCCmanagesalltagsinthe"Tagmanagement"editor.ProcessTagsTheconnectinglinkfortheexchangeofdatabetweenWinCCandtheautomationsystemsaretheexternaltags.EachexternaltaginWinCCcorrespondstoacertainprocessvalueinthememoryofoneoftheconnectedautomationsystems.Externaltagsarethereforereferredtoasprocesstags.InRuntime,theprocessvaluesoftheprocesstagsaredeterminedandenteredbyWinCC.InWinCC,youcanalsodeterminethevaluesfortheprocesstags.Thesevaluesaretransferredtotheautomationsystemviathestipulatedchannel.Theautomationsystemcontrolstheprocessaccordingly.InternalTagsWinCCalsohasinternalvariables.ThesetagsdonothaveaprocesslinkandonlycarryvalueswithinWinCC.TaggroupsThetaggroupsarecomponentsofthe"Tagmanagement"editor.Thetaggroupsareusedtoorganizetagsclearly.4.AddingaChannelIntroductionThefollowingstepswillshowyouhowtocreateachannelinWinCC.WinCCcommunicationwiththeautomationsystemviathischannel.ThisalsosuppliesprocessvaluestotheprocesstagsinWinCC.RequirementThe"Quick_Start"projectisopen.Procedure1.Openthe"Addnewdriver"dialogtoaddachannel:2.Selectthechannel"SIMATICS7ProtocolSuite.chn":Youhaveaddedthe"SIMATICS7ProtocolSuite"channelanditwillbedisplayedinWinCCExplorer.The"SIMATICS7ProtocolSuite"channelhasseveralchannelunitsforthedifferentcommunicationnetworks.Youwillusethechannelunit"MPI"inthe"GettingStarted"project.Youwillcreateaconnectiontotheautomationsysteminthenextstepsunderthechannelunit"MPI".5.CreatingconnectionsIntroductionThefollowingstepswillshowyouhowtocreateaconnectiontotheautomationsystemunderthechannelunit"MPI".ThedataexchangewilltakeplaceviathisconnectioninRuntime.RequirementThechannel"SIMATICS7ProtocolSuite"isintegratedinWinCCExplorer.Procedure1.Createanewconnectionunderthechannelunit"MPI":2.Enterthe"SPS_1"asthenamefortheconnection:Youhaveestablishedtheconnection"SPS_1"totheautomationsystem.TheconnectionisdisplayedinWinCCExplorer.Inthenextstepsyouwillcreateataggroupundertheconnection"SP_1".Thistaggroupisdisplayedinatherightpartialfieldasanobject.6.CreatingtaggroupIntroductionThefollowingstepswillshowyouhowtocreateataggroup.Thetaggroupsarecomponentsofthe"Tagmanagement"editor.Bymeansofthesecomponentsyouwillaachieveastructuredsortingofthetags.RequirementTheconnectionis"SPS_1"iscreatedinWinCCExplorer.Procedure1.Createataggroup:2.Enter"Tag_Group_1"asthenameforthetaggroup.Youhavecreatedthetaggroup"Tag_Group_1".ThetaggroupsaredisplayedinWinCCExplorer.Youwillcreateaprocesstagunderthistaggroupinthenextsteps.7.CreatingaprocesstagIntroductionThefollowingstepswillshowyouhowtocreateaprocesstaganddetermineitsproperties.Youwillspecifythefollowingpropertiesfortheprocesstag:=1\*GB3①Name=2\*GB3②Datatype=3\*GB3③Address=4\*GB3④TypeConversion=5\*GB3⑤LinearScalingThedatatypedeterminesthedataformatinWinCC.ThedatatypeofataginWinCCcandifferfromthedatatypeusedintheautomationsystem.ThetypeconversioncanconvertthedataformatofanautomationsystemintoaWinCCformat.Viatheaddressing,youassignacertaindatarangeintheautomationsystemtoaprocesstag.Theaddressingtypedependsonthetypeofcommunicationpartner.RequirementThetaggroup"Tag_Group_1"iscreatedinWinCCExplorer.Procedure1.Createanewprocesstag:2.Enter"Process_Tag_1"asanamefortheprocesstagandselectthedatatype"signed16-bitvalue".3.Click"Select"tospecifythepropertiesofthetagaddressing:4.Entertheinformationontheaddressdescription:5.Closethe"Tagproperties"dialog.ResultYouhavecreatedtheprocesstag"Process_Tag_1".TheprocesstagisdisplayedintherightpartialwindowoftheWinCCExplorer.TheprocesstagwasthelastcomponentneededtocreatethecommunicationbetweenWinCCandtheautomationsystem.InordertoscaleprocessvaluesinWinCC,youwillspecifythepropertiesofthelinearscalinginthenextsteps.8.ScalingprocesstagsinWinCCIntroductionThefollowingstepswillshowyouhowtoscaleprocesstagsinWinCC.Whenusinglinearscaling,youcanmapthevaluerangeofaprocesstagtoacertainvaluerangeofaprocesstaginWinCC.Theprocessvalueitselfisnotmodified.Youwillspecifythefollowingpropertiesforthelinearscaling:=1\*GB3①Value1andValue2oftheprocess:determinethevaluerangeoftheprocessvalue=2\*GB3②Value1andValue2oftheprocesstag:determinethevaluerangeoftheprocesstaginWinCCLinearscalingisonlyavailableforprocesstags.Internaltagscannotbescaled.Example:Atemperaturesensormeasurestheresistanceinasystemandtransfersthevalueintheunit"Ohms".Certainresistancevaluescorrespondtospecifictemperatures.Whenusinglinearscaling,youcanautomaticallyconverttheresistancevaluestothetemperaturescale.Thisensuresthatthemeasuredresistanceisimmediatelydisplayedasatemperatureintheproject.Inthe"TagProperties"dialogbox,thisresistancevaluecorrespondstothedetailsat"Processvaluerange".Thetemperaturecorrespondstothedetailsat"Tagvaluerange".RequirementTheprocesstag"Process_Tag_1"iscreatedinWinCCExplorer.Procedure1.Openthe"Tagproperties"dialog:2Activatethelinearscalingandsetthevaluerangesfortheprocessandthetag:ResultYouhaveactivatedthelinearscalingfortheprocesstag"Process_Tag_1".Thisvaluerangesfortheprocessandthetaghavebeenset.Thevaluerangeoftheprocessvalue[-20...20]isdisplayedasavaluerangefortheprocesstag[0...100].Inthenextsteps,youwillcreateaninternaltagforthe"Quick_Start"project.9.CreatingInternalTagsIntroductionThefollowingstepswillshowyouhowtocreateaninternaltaganddetermineitsproperties.TheinternaltagisusedtotransfervalueswithinWinCC.RequirementThe"Quick_Start"projectisopen.Procedure1.Createaninternaltag:2.Enter"Tank_Level"asanamefortheinternaltagandchoosethedatatype"Unsigned16bitvalue".ResultYouhavecreatedtheinternaltag"Tank_Level"andhavedetermineditsdatatype.Theinternaltag"Tank_Level"isdisplayedinWinCCExplorer.
附录B译文通讯连接项目1.通讯连接介绍:本章包含有关WinCC和自动化系统的通讯连接。本章还介绍了如何创建和规模标记。步骤:使用编辑器“标签管理”来连接通讯。您将需要至少以下组件来连接通讯:①一个通道单位②一个连接③一个变量标签你将需要实现通讯的连接接入到自动化系统的当前进程的值。打开“Quick_Start”工程自动化系统,在这个项目中,值是通过一个内部WinCC的内部变量标记。WinCC和自动化系统之间的通讯连接以及这一过程的线性扩展标记作为一个标签。2.通讯的建立及连接介绍:明确通道单元的关系,了解自动化系统如何连接到WinCC。通讯:沟通的通道是专门的驱动程序。该通道可从过程自动化系统供应价值观的过程标记。WinCC的通道,提供了各种不同的自动化系统连接。在WinCC的,你也可以使用通道,通过它的值被转移到从WinCC的自动化系统。你将通过这些通道的控制过程。通讯的单元:通讯有不同的通信网络不同的通道单位。通过通道单位获得的自动化系统的某些类型。一个通道作为一个单位与一个底层硬件接口驱动程序,因此,正好一个在计算机通信处理器。连接:在通道单元,您将通讯连接到各种自动化系统。每个连接描述其自动化系统数据交换将通过在运行时连接。3.在WinCC的标签介绍:在WinCC的标签代表的不是真的数据或内部数据。内部数据是WinCC的模拟变量值。WinCC的管理在“标签管理”编辑所有的标签。过程标签:为连接WinCC和之间数据交换的自动化系统的标签。WinCC的外部标签中的每个变量对应于所连接的自动化系统之一,内存一定程序的数据。外部标记因此被称为过程标签。在运行时,该过程的外部标记值是决定WinCC的输入。在WinCC中,PLC也可以决定这一进程的标签的值。这些值被转移到自动化系统,通过规定的通道控制相应的自动化系统的进程。内部标签:WinCC的也有内部标签。这些标签与PLC并没有联系,是一个局部变量。标签管理:该标签组的“标签管理”编辑器组件。该标签组用于组织标签。4.添加标签介绍:下面的步骤将告诉你如何创建一个WinCC的通道。这也提供价值的过程中WinCC的进程标签。要求:该“Quick_Start”项目是打开的。步骤:1.打开“添加新的驱动程序”对话框来添加一个通道;2.选择通道“SIMATICSuite.chn”:你已经添加了“SIMATICS7PROTOCOLSUITE.CHN”通道,这将在WinCC的Explorer中显示。该“SIMATICS7PROTOCOLSUITE.CHN”通道为几个不同的通信网络通道的单位。您将使用“理工”的“入门通道单位”项目。您将创建一个连接到通道“理工”自动化系统的子目录。5.创建连接介绍:下面的步骤将告诉你如何创建一个连接到自动化系统下的通道单位“理工”。数据交换将通过这个连接在运行时发生。要求:该通道“SIMATICS7PROTOCOLSUITE.CHNSIMATIC”是集成在WinCC的资源管理器。步骤:1.在该通道下创建一个MPI的通道单元;2.进入“SPS_1”作为连接的名称。您已建立连接“SPS_1”的自动化系统。连接显示在WinCC的资源管理器。在接下来的步骤将创建“SP_1”连接下的标签组。此标记显示在一组是正确的部分领域作为对象。6.创建标签组介绍:下面的步骤将告诉你如何创建一个标签组。通过该标签组的“标签管理”编辑器组件,你将一个组件实现对标签结构排序。要求:“SPS_1”是在WinCC的资源管理器中创建的。步骤:1.创建一个标签组;2.设置该组名为“Tag_Group_1”。你已经创建了标签组“Tag_Group_1”,该标签组将显示在WinCC的资源管理器。可以在这个标签下创建下一步的变量标签。7.创建一个过程的标签介绍:下面的步骤将告诉你如何创建一个进程的标签,并确定其属性。对指定的标签设置以下属性:①名称②数据类型③地址④类型转换⑤线性缩放数据类型决定了WinCC的数据格式。一个在WinCC的变量数据类型可以在不同的监控系统所使用的数据类型。类型转换可以转换成一个WinCC的格式一个自动化系统的数据格式。经处理,分配一个在自动化系统中的某些数据的范围到一个变量的标签。寻址类型取决于通信数据的类型。要求:该标签组“Tag_Group_1”创建在WinCC的资源管理器。步骤:1.创建一个新的进程的标签;2.输入“Process_Tag_1”作为这一变量的名称,并选择数据类型“符号的16位值”;3.点击“选择”指定的处理标签的属性;4.在地址上输入说明信息;5.关闭“标签属性”对话框。创建的变量标签“Process_Tag_1”。这个变量标记显示在右侧的WinCC的资源管理器右边窗口。这个变量的最后一个组件标签是需要连接与WinCC和自动化系统的通讯。为了WinCC的过程值能改变,在下来的步骤设置线性扩展的属性。8.设置WinCC的变量标签介绍:下面的步骤将告诉您如何在WinCC的设置变量标签。当使用线性缩放,你可以映射一个进程的标记值范围为一定值范围在WinCC的进程标签。这个变量本身的值是不会被改变。下面对线性扩展的以下属性进行设置:=1\*GB3①value1和过程的数值2:确定该进程的值值范围;=2\*GB3②value1和进程的标签数值2:在确定WinCC的变量值范围线性缩放的过程中只使用变量,内部标签不能被缩小。要求:该进程标签“Process_Tag_1”创建在WinCC的资源管理器。步骤:1.打开“标签属性”对话框;2.对变量的Activate线性缩放和值范围设置。将该变量的线性扩展标记为“Process_Tag_1”。此值范围已经确定。将变量值的范围由[-20~20]设置成[0~100]。在接下来的步骤,将创建一个为“Quick_Start”项目内部的标签。9.创建内部标签介绍:下面的步骤将告诉你如何建立一个内部标签,并确定其属性,内部标记用于传输内部WinCC的数据。要求:该“Quick_Start”项目是打开的。步骤:1.创建内部标签;2.输入“Tank_Level”作为内部变量名称和数据类型选择“无符号16位值”。已经创建了内部标签“Tank_Level”,并确定其数据类型。内部标签“Tank_Level”显示在WinCC的资源管理器。附录1英文文献原文BasedontheGPS,GPRS,GISandInternetvehiclepositioningsystemAbstractThispaperintroducesanintegratedgeographicinformationsystem(GIS),combinedwiththeapplicationofglobalpositioningsystem(GPS),generalpacketradioservice(GPRS)andInternetvehiclepositioningsystem.Foraneedtostudyandmanagementofvehiclepositioningoftheenterprise,chooseasuitablevehiclepositioningsystemisveryimportant.Themainfeatureofthesystemistheuseofopengeographicinformationsystemplatformtoaccesstoresources,usingtheInternetbaseduserinterface,realizationofvehiclepositioninginformationupdate.ThesystemconsistsofGPSbasedpositioningdeviceofthevehicle,communicationserver,webserver,databaseserveranddesktopmapcomposition.Positioningdeviceinstalledinthevehicleinterior,throughtheGPSpositiontocollectreal-timeinformation,theinformationistransmittedtoacentraldatabasethroughGPRS.TheusercanthroughtheInternetinreal-timeshowthelocationofeachvehicle,andthenforallvehiclesmanagement.Vehiclepositionandotherrelatedinformationwillbedisplayedinthedesktopmapgeneratedbyanelectronicmap.Thissystemistheuseofinformationandcommunicationtechnologycombinedwitheachotherandform.Thesharpriseinfuelprices,thissystemwassuccessfullyusedonacompany'sresourcesforeffectivemanagementofgreathelp.Keywords:theglobalpositioningsystem(GPS),generalpacketradioservice(GPRS),vehiclepositioning,desktopmap,Internet,informationcommunicationtechnology.1、Introduction:Thisvehiclepositioningsystemtheintegrateduseofmoderninformationtechnologyandcommunicationtechnology,appliedtohavemorevehiclesenterprises,enterprisescanusethissystemforvehicletrackingandmanagement.Thissystemconsistsofvehicletrackingdevice,thecentralserversystemandInternet.Throughthissystem,userscanusetheircomputercontroldesktopmap,andthenunderstandthegeographiclocationofthevehicleandotherrelevantinformation.Thispaperfocusesonthedesignanddevelopmentofvehiclepositioningsysteminthe.However,thissystemhasalotofotherunits,includingthemanagementofsystemresources(drivers,vehicles),andefficientuseof(vehicleallocationproblem)andreportgenerationandauditactivitiessuchaspartof.Thesystemisdesignedtoservealargefleetofvehiclesorcomplexrequirementsoftheuseofenterprise.Workersmayneedfrequentuseofshorttrips,aswellassomelong-distancetravel.Somemayvisitashortperiodoftimecanbedetermined,andsometravelmayneedtomatchthecorrespondingdailyschedule.Employeesmaysometimesrequireextendedtripsoraparkinglot,butthevehiclerepairoftenmeettemporaryneeds.Theseissuesrequireamoreeffectivevehiclepositioningsystemtosolve,inordertomeettheaboverequirements,needadiversificationstrategy.Inordertoimprovethecompanyoverallproductivity,mustonallvehiclecentralizedmanagement.Thispaperusesavarietyoftechniquestoachievethisgoal.Thefollowingexampleshows:wecantakeavarietyofscienceandtechnologyarecombinedtosolvearealproblem.2GPSandGPRSdefinition2.1GPSGPSEnglishcalledGlobalPositionSystem,throughasimpletranslationwewillbe:"theglobalpositioningsatellitesystem"thisresults.Inthenineteenfiftiesyears,Americansfor30years,spent$about30000000000,theconstructionofsuchabrilliantandhugesystem,canbesaidtobeabrillianthistoryofspaceflight.Figure1GPSnavigationsatelliteBuiltatthebeginningoftheglobalpositioningsystemGPSinspirationwasborninmeridianinstrumentsatellitenavigationsystem,andradialnavigationsystemcannotdisplaythefixed-pointelevation,positionaccuracyandthepositioningtimeunsatisfactoryshortcomingsledtothebirthofGPS.Thissystemconsistsof24satellites,in11hours,58dividedintoperiodicuninterruptedaroundtheearth,asweprovidepictures,data.Althoughsome12000kmaltitude,canbeinsightintoeverycorneroftheearth.Therefore,atfirst,thissetofequipmentisonlyusedinmilitaryandcivilfieldsrelatedtoimportantnationalinterests,givenitsgreatvaluetolaterreallyusedasacivilian,andcompletelyfree.Now,GPSistheproductofmoreemergeinanendlessstream,GPSmobilephone,carGPS,GPSmodule.Then,thelatitudeandlongitudeoftheconceptisalsomoreandmorebefiled,soweshuttleintheearthwillbemoreeasily.2.2GPRSGPRSGerneralPackerRadioServiceEnglish,Chinesetranslationforthecommunicationpacketradioservice.AtpresentthedomesticGPRScarrierisChinamobilecommunication,weoftensendMMSwhenIneedit,saysimply,itisakindofinfinitedatatransmissiontool.Specifically,GPRSintheexistingGSMsystemdevelopedoutofanewpacketdatabearerservice.GPRSandGSMsystemthemostfundamentaldifferenceis,GSMisacircuitswitchingsystem,andGPRSisapacketswitchsystem.GPRSisespeciallysuitableforintermittent,abruptorfrequent,smallamountsofdatatransmission,butalsosuitableforoccasionallargevolumedatatransmission.WecanunderstandtheGSMGPRStoahigherlevel.Figure2GPRSasimplecaseGPRSchargingmethodsandthetraditionalGSMalsohasverybigdifferent,itisonlybydataflowcharging,namelyaccordingtotheusertheamountoftransmitteddatatobilling,forexample,wedownloadedinformation,notbythetimeonlinechargingthatistosay,aslongasthetransmissionofthedata,evenifastraight"online",alsoneednotpayfor.Thenmakea"call"forexample,intheuseofGSM+WAPmobilephoneonline,likethephonestartedcharging;andtheuseofGPRE+WAPonlineismorereasonable,asthephonedoesnotcollectfees,onlydialoguetocalculatecosts.3、Systemoverview3.1ThetargetThesystem'smainpurposeistosolvealargeenterpriseintheproblemofexistence,asfollows:(1)Thelackofaperfectsystem,cannotmasterthevehiclerealtimecondition.(2)Employeesintheworkcannotbetimelyappropriatetransport,leadingtothelackofproductivity.(3)Duetotransporttheinefficientuseoforunauthorizeduse,causethedeclineofproductivity.Inordertosolvetheaboveproblem,weusethesystemmadethefollowingattempt:(1)MoreeasytooperatetheInternetinterface.(2)Anaccepted,alreadyexistingcommunicationsfacilitiesuse.(3)Amoreacceptedbythepeoplereflectthegeographicinformationtotheoperationofthedevice.(4)Openinformationresourcetooluse,reducingthecostofsystem.3.2InformationtechnologyoverviewAtpresent,thereareseveraldifferentformsofthelocatingscheme.Somearebytheservertotheclientforunifiedoperation,someoneachcarwereindependentofthemodeofoperation.Ifweconsiderthecostfactor,theclientserversystemisabettersolution.Ifweconsidertheproblemoftimelinessfactor,independentofthemodeofoperatingsystemadvantage.Thereareothermethods,suchasstrengtheningthegeographicinformationapplication,thisappliestoclientserverenvironment,thissoftwareupgradescanbeinclientserveroperation.Forindependentmode,ifthegeographicinformationneedstobeimproved,itwillneedtolinkeachofthesoftwareupgrade.Atpresent,thereareseveraldifferentformsofthelocatingscheme.Somearebytheservertotheclientforunifiedoperation,someoneachcarwereindependentofthemodeofoperation.Ifweconsiderthecostfactor,theclientserversystemisabettersolution.Ifweconsidertheproblemoftimelinessfactor,independentofthemodeofoperatingsystemadvantage.Thereareothermethods,suchasstrengtheningthegeographicinformationapplication,thisappliestoclientserverenvironment,thissoftwareupgradescanbeinclientserveroperation.Forindependentmode,ifthegeographicinformationneedstobeimproved,itwillneedtolinkeachofthesoftwareupgrade.3.3SystemarchitectureThevehiclepositioningsystemconsideringtheconstraintsandrestrictions,basedontheInternetprovidesasolution.Thesystemdescribedherearchitectureismentionedaboveclientserversystemarchitecture,theclientherereferstothewebbrowser.Inthisarchitecture,theWebserver,communicationserver,databaseserveranddesktopmaptogether,playarolein.Inordertomakethelowestcost,thesystemselectstheopenplatformresourcestoservethedesktopmap.Thissystemusesgeneralpacketradioservice(GPRS)toachievethetrackingunitandclientserverconnection.Generalpacketradioservice(GPRS)isa2.5Gmobilecommunicationtechnology,itisomnipresent.GPRScanalsobeappliedtoacenterpointwithitssurroundingmobiledatatransmissionbetweendevices.UsingGPRScostdependsoneverythousandbytesofdatapassedby,astheSMSinformationcostcalculationmethod.ThroughtheGPScollectionofreal-timelocationinformation,storedintheuserhasacentraldatabase.Thesystemforeachusercangetinformationthroughtheinternet.Figure1showsthearchitectureofthesystem.Fig3systemarchitecture4SystemdesignThissectiondescribesthesystemhardwareandsoftwaredesign,andthefunctionofeachcomponent.4.1HardwaredesignThepositioningsystemthroughtheGPScollectionpositioninginformation,thentheinformationsystemcompressionforaspecificpacketformat,throughtheGPRSandsendittotheserver.IftheGPRScannotreal-timeapplication,hasthetimelabeledpacketisstoredinatemporarystorageunit,suchasGPRSwhenavailable,arestoreddatapacketswillinstantlyupload.Therefore,evenifatransmissionfailure,vehiclereal-timelocationinformationisnotlost.Thepositioningsystembymicrocontroller,GSMmodule,GPSreceiver,thedatastorageunitandapowersupply.Thepositioningdevicediagramasshowninfigure2.Fig4DiagramofpositioningdeviceThemicrocontrolleristhemaincomponentofthepositioningdevice.ItisdirectlythroughtheI/Ointerfacewithothercomponentsconnected.PositioningdeviceofvehicleGPSreceiverthelongitude,latitudeandspeedinformationissenttothemicrocontroller.ThenGSMmodulethroughapreviouslyestablishedGPRSservertransmitsthedatatothemicrocontroller.Firstofall,thedevicerequirestheestablishmentofaconnectedwiththeserverandgeneralpacketradioservice(GPRS),thentheneedtobuildaTCP/IPprotocol,theIPpacketcanbesmoothlytransfer.Positioningdeviceadoptsthedesignofthevehiclebattery,andthebatterydesignintheinsideofthevehicle,isusedasanemergencyanddesign.InGPRSisnotavailable,theGPSdatawillbestoredinthetemporarystorageunit,oncetheGPRSrecoveryeffect,thesestoredGPSdatawillimmediatelybesenttotheserver.Accordingtosomebasicfault,thepositioningdeviceisequippedwithseveralLEDindicatinglamp.TheindicatorshowstheavailabilityofGPS,GPRSavailabilityaswellaspoweravailability.Figure3showstheinnerstructureofpositioningdevice.Fig5theinternalstructureofpositioningdevice4.2SoftwaredesignThesystemsoftwaresystemcomprisesacommunicationserver,webserverandGISdesktopmap.Thepositioningdevicecommunicationserveristhemostimportantpartofitwiththeothercomponentstobeconnected.ThroughthecommunicationserverestablishestheTCP/IPprotocol,therebyandremotehardwaresystemlinking.Communicationservercanbeconnectedthroughthreadsandaclientconnects,customizeanapplicationlevelprotocolcanbeusedtotransferdata.TheserverwillcreateanTCPinterface,theapplicationprograminterfaceconnectedwith,andthentheserverreceivestransmitteddatacomingin.Whenaclient(remotepositioningdevice)toconnect,theserverwillverifyandconfirmtheclient.Thentheserverwillbeginreceivingtheclientinformation,andthestorageserverdatabase.TheWebapplicationwillretrievedatabaseserveraccordingtotherequirementsofuserswithinthedata,anddatapretreatment.TheWebapplicationisthesystemofmainmanagementtools,theuserthroughtheapplicationlogontothesystem,theprogramaccordingtotheuserofthedifferentmodulesoftherequest,toverifyauser'sidentity.5Geographicspatialinformationapplication5.1RelatedgeographicinformationcomponentThesystemofgeographicdatamodulecollectsalltherelevantspatialgeographicinformation.Geographicdatamodulebylocation,geographyedge,routeandrouteordistanceoftravel.Locationsincludethecity,township,includinguserparkinglot,otherlandmarks.Thegeographicaledgereferstoaparticularlocationinthesurroundingregion,theusercandefinetheareaaroundthecenterpointandradius.TheGPSsystemisdefinedbytheregion'scenterposition,andthegeographicaledgereferstothedefinitionoftheradiusoftheregion.Inthispaperapositioningsystem,ifavehicleisdefinedintheregion,itcandetectthelocationof.Routemaycontainmultiplesites.Inacertainroutetoaddalocation,itwillformanewroute.Bythismethod,themainlineandthesecondarylinecanbeaddedtotheroutesystemto.Inordertofacilitateaparticularcarfasterstartingfromthedestination,positioningsystemoperatorscanbedesignedforthespecificline.Whenavehicleneedsinonestroketostay,thesystemoperatorcancombinethepreviousrouteandaddnewstroke,sothatthevehiclecanbenormaloperation.LikeacarneedsfromColombotohurrythat,onthewaytoLavignatotakeaperson.ThistripisthefirstfromtheColomboGalletrunkinColombo-CarterBeasectionsetsout,viaCarterBiya-philiatrunk,thenviaColomboGalletrunkofphilia,Healythetrunk,finallyreachthefountain.Ifacaralongthisroute,oncethetouranydeviation,positioningsystemwillimmediatelyfoundandputthiscaseinshortformofinformationfeedbacktothemanagement.Theenterprisecanthroughtheuseofgeographicinformationtomeettheirrequirements.Lineselectioninterfaceasshowninfigure4.Figure6lineinterfaceManagerscanthroughgeographicinformationmoduletocreatetheirownlocation,geographyedge,routeandtraveldata.Inordertobetteroperationandeasytoobserve,canusethemaptodeterminethelocation,travel,routeandotherrelateddata,thiscanbedonebyabytheelectronicmapconsistingofagraphicaluserinterfacetoachieve.Forexample,candesigntheelectronicmapcordinates,attheclickofthemousetoaparticularposition,setaspecificcitywillberevealed.Onthesystemofcoursedesignisshowninfigure4.5.2Geographicinformationsystemtools--OpenSourceSoftwareInordertomakethepositioningsystempartoftheelectronicmapismoreperfect,thesystemusesacalleddesktopmapofopensourcesoftware.Thegeographicinformationsystemtoolsisawidelyacceptedwiththestandardformatoftheelectronicmap,itcanbeusedtodisplayontheelectronicmapgeographicinformation.DesktopmapontheInternetshowingexcellentdata,suchasmaps,imageandvectordata.Inadditiontobrowsethegeographicinformationsystemdata,theusercanalsothroughthemapbrowserreleasedontheInternetonthegeographiclocationofthepicture.ElectronicmapissavedinaSHPformat,butthein
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