定语从句学案

定语从句语法学案第一讲关系代词的使用方法学习目的：1.认识简朴句和复合句2.理解定语的概念3.识记定语从句的定义4.关系代词(who、whom、which、that、whose)的选用5.只用关系代词that等特殊状况一、简朴句和复合句（一）定义1.简朴句：只有一种主语(或并列主语)和一种谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简朴句。2.复合句：由一种主句和一种或几种从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句和从句之间由引导词连接。（二）判断下面句子，哪个是简朴句，哪个是复合句，并找出主句和从句。1.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.2.Toswiminthelakeisagreatpleasure.3.Whatweshalldonexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.4.SheaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodo.5.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledreachedmorethan4000.二、复习定语（一）定语：修饰名词或代词的成分，翻译成“……的”。形容词，名词，介词短语，不定式，分词和定语从句等都可作定语。（二）找出下面的定语1.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.Sheisabeautifulgirl.3.ThegirlreadingabookisMary.4.Thebridgebuiltlastyearcost100milliondollars.5.Thepenwhichyouusedjustnowismine.三、定语从句（一）定义学习：定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个_______或________的句子叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词背面。被修饰的名词或代词叫做___________。引导定语从句的词叫做_________________,可以提成关系代词和关系副词。Weshouldnotforgetthosewhohaveeverhelpedus.先行词引导词/关系词定语从句（二）划出定语从句，然后找出先行词、关系词。Thefilmthatwesawlastnightisverymoving.Heisamanwhoweshouldlearnfrom.ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisinteresting.Thebookwhosecoverisredismine.ThemanwhomItalkedtojustnowismyuncle.四、学习关系代词that/which/who/whom/whose的使用方法（一）指代关系代词充当成分指人指代关系代词充当成分指物关系代词的作用①连接______②指代_____③充当_______（二）练习，用合适的关系代词填空Theoldmanhastwosons____________aredoctors.I’vereadthebook_______________Iborrowedfromthelibrary.Isawawoman____________daughterwasanactor.Thisistheboy____________yousawjustnow.Theflowers________Iplantedlastweekarecomingout.(三)完毕句子。这个老人有两个做老师的女儿。Theoldmanhastwodaughters________________________.正站在那边的那个男人是我父亲。Thatman______________________________ismyfather.那本红色封面(cover)的书是我的。Thebook___________________________ismine.【难点突破】（一）观测例句，归纳使用方法1.Everythingthattheysaidwastrue.2.YoucanreadanybookthatIhave.3.Thewindblewdownthetallesttreethatisinfrontofourschoolgate.4.Tomisthefirstboythatlefttheroom.5.Lookattheboyandhisdogthatarecomingthisway.6.HeistheverypersonthatI’mlookingfor.7.Thereisnotmuchthatwecanhelp.8.Whoisthemanthatyouspoketo?归纳：关系代词只能用that的状况1.先行词是不定代词时，如：__________________________________________2.先行词前有_________________________________________________等修饰时3.先行词被形容词____________或_____________修饰4.先行词中既有_______又有_________时5.主句是therebe或who/which开头时（二）练习1.Thisisthemostinterestingbook_______Ihaveeverread.2.Thisisthelastchance__________hecantaketowinthegame.3.Youshouldtakeanything_________youwant.4.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons______wewereinterestedin.5.Thisistheverybook______Iamlookingfor.6.Youcantakeanyseat________isfree.（三）、指人时只用who不用that的状况1)Those______wanttogotothecomputerroomwriteyournameshere.2)One________careslittleaboutothershasfewfriends.3)He_________doesn’treachtheGreatwallisnotatrueman.归纳：当先行词是______，_______，_____和anyone时，关系代词用________。六、综合练习：用合适的关系代词填空。1.Youmaytakeanythinguseful____________youwant.2.Those_______breakthelawmustbepunished.3.Idon’tknowtheman_______________cameintotheroom.4.Thisistheverybook____________Iamlookingfor.5.Thosepictures_________weredrawnbyTomarenice.6.Nobodywantsthehouse_____________roof（房顶）hasfallen.7.Thisisthefirstplace________Iwanttovisit.8.Thereislittle________Icandotomakeupforthelosttime.9.Whichisthecap___________youhavedecidedtobuy?10.Themanto_____Ispokewasaforeigner.11.All_________hastobedonehasbeendone.12.He_______doesn’treachtheGreatwallisnotatrueman.13.Ihaveaclassmate________parentsareworkinginShenzhen.思索：怎样对的选用关系词？一看：_______________二看：________________七、单项填空：1.Theuniversityisthemostbeautifulone_______Ihaveeverbeento.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.theone2.Fatherrepairedthewindow________glasswasbroken.A.itsB.whichC.ofwhichD.whose3.Thisisthehousethewindow______facessouth.A.itsB.whichC.ofwhichD.whose4.Hetoldusalotabouttheschoolsandteachers_____hehadvisited.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.what5.Mr.Smithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho______inChina.A.workB.isworkingC.areworkingD.hadworking6.Mr.Smithisoneofthoseforeignerswho______inChina.A.worksB.isworkingC.areworkingD.hadworking7.Thepancake_____mymothercooksisdelicious.A.thatB.whichC./D.alloftheabove八改错：1.Youmaytakeanythingusefulwhichyouwant.2.Theoldmanhastwosonswhoisdoctors.3.Thosethatbreakthelawmustbepunished.4.Ihavereadallthebookswhichwereborrowedfromthelibrary.5.InfrontofmeIsawawomanherdaughterwasanactor.6.ThisistheverybookwhichIamlookingfor.7.Themanwhoareshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.第二讲关系副词及非限制性定语从句的使用方法学习目的1.辨别关系代词和关系副词，并掌握关系副词引导定语从句的使用方法2.掌握“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的使用方法3.辨别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句一.学习关系副词的使用方法（一）朗诵下面句子，找出定语从句和关系副词并归纳使用方法。1.ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.2.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.3.ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.4.Thepartsofthetownwheretheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.5.ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasmyhardwork.归纳：关系副词包括：________、_________、_________，在句子中充当状语。（二）用合适的关系副词填空1.Thisisthehouse_______weusedtolive.2.Iwilltakeyoutothenewmuseum_______youcanseemanythings.3.Wearelivinginanage________manythingsaredoneoncomputer.4.Thereason_________hewaslateisunknown.（三）完毕句子1.这是昨天发生火灾的房子。Thisisthehouse____________________________________________.2.我昨晚抵达的时间是9点钟。_________________________________________was9clock..3.他不来的原因是他生病了。__________________________________wasthathewasill.（四）用合适的介词填空1.Thisisthehouse_____whichweusedtolive.2.Thisistheschool_____whichIstudied10yearsago.3.Theroof_______whichIusuallysitcollapsed(倒塌)lastnight.4.Hehastoldmetheday______whichhewillcome.5.Thereason_______whichhewaslateisunknown.归纳：关系副词=_______+which(注：why=______which)指代关系副词充当成分时间______=介词+which状语地点______=介词+which状语原因______=for+which状语三、“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句的使用方法1.Hespent3yearsinHarvardUniversityin________hestudiedphysics.2.Thisistheteacherfrom________Iborrowthebook.归纳一：介词后的关系代词应当看先行词：先行词指人时用______;先行词指物时用_________。3.Don’tbringthechildrentoseetheanimals____whichtheyareafraid.4.Heisagoodstudent_____whomIliketotalk.归纳二：关系代词whom,which前介词的选择(1)由先行词的习惯搭配;(2)从句谓语动词的搭配。练习：用which/that或介词填空1.Iwillneverforgetthedayon________Ijoinedthearmy.2.Doyoulikethesingerabout_________sheoftentalks.3.Themoment____whichImadethedecisionisexciting. 4.Haveyoufoundthebook_________whichwelearntalot?四、关系代词和副词引导定语从句的使用方法（一）比较下面三组句子的不一样1.Istillrememberthedayswhenwestudiedinmiddleschool.2.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespentintheisland.3.Thefactorywheremyfatherworksisverybig.4.Thefactorywhich/thatisnearmyhomeisverybig.5.Thereasonwhyhewaslateisunknown.6.Thereasonwhich/thathetoldusisacceptable.归纳：关系副词在句子中充当____________关系代词在从句中充当___________________。用合适的关系词填空提醒：从句缺主语或宾语用关系代词，缺状语用副词Thisistheplace_________Ioncelived.(缺_______语)Thisistheplace_________Ioncevisited.(缺_______语)Istillremembertheyear__________westudied.(缺_______语)Istillremembertheyear___________wespent.(缺_______语)Thereason________hegavemesoundedreasonable.(缺______语)Thereason________heleftschoolsoundedreasonable.(缺____语)五、理解限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别Ihavetwobookswhich/thatareaboutscience.(限制性定从)(Ihavemorethantwobooks)我有两本有关科学的书Ihavetwobooks,whichareaboutscience.(非限制性定从)(Ihaveonlytwobooks)我有两本书，它们是有关科学的限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺乏的定语，假如去掉，主句的意思就不完整。写时不能用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分亲密，只是对先行词作些附加的阐明，假如去掉，主句的意思仍然清晰。从句和主句之间往往有逗号分开，不能用that引导。六、as与which引导非限制性定语从句1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.2._____isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.归纳：as与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用___意为“正如”，如asisknowntoall.七、定语从句解题环节：1.找出定语从句（限制性还是非限制性）2.找出先行词，判断其是人、物还是时间、地点或原因3.判断关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分（主、宾、表、定、状）4.排查特殊状况八、用合适的关系代词或关系副词填空1Thisisthetown___________Ispentmychildhood.2Iwillneverforgettheday__________NewChinawasfounded.3Theschool___________hestudieswasbuiltlastyear.4Thereason__________hedidn’tcometoclassisthathewasill.5Idon’tliketheway___________hetalks.6Thiswasatime__________youhadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinthecity.7Thestoryhappenedonaday__________waswetandcold.8Thestoryhappenedonaday________theweatherwaswetandcold.9Theplace__________intereststhechildrenmostisDisneyland.10Theplace_________youstayedfor3yearsisnowapark.巩固练习一、选择题1.Thereisonlyonething________Icando.A.what B.thatC.allD.which2.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch_______washeldlastweek.A.whichB.whoC.thatD./3.Thetwothings_____theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDelia'shair.A.aboutwhichB.ofwhich CinwhichD.forwhich4.Isthisthefactory_____youvisitedtheotherday?A.that B.where C.inwhichD.theone5.Isthisthefactory______heworkedtenyearsago?A.that B.where C.whichDtheone6.Hewaslateagain,_____madetheteacherangry.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what7.______isknowntoall,themoontravelsaroundtheearth.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.It8.I’lltellyou________hetoldmelastweek.Aallwhich B.that C.allthatD.which9.Thattree,_______branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhich C.inwhichD.onwhich10.Ihaveboughtthesamedress________sheiswearing.A.as B.that C.whichD.what11. Those_______notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceedAlearn B.who CthatlearnsD.wholearn 12. Ihavemanybooks,someof_______areonchemistry.A.whichB.thatC.themD.those13. Hehastwosonsand_______workaschemists.A.bothofthem Bbothofwhom CbothofwhichD.allofwhom14.Fortunatelywehadamap,without____wecouldhavegotlost.A.whatB.whichC.itD.that15.Theworkwasmakingprogress____wehadexpected.A.asB.whichC.thatD.than二、完毕句子1.他没有通过考试，这是他父亲很生气。Hefailedintheexamination,___________________________________. 2.刚刚和你谈话的那个人是我朋友。Theman_____________________________________justnowismyfriend.3.你记得我们一起打篮球的日子吗？Doyourememberthedays___________________________________________.4.这就是你不喜欢他的原因吗？Isthisthereason___________________________________________.5.8年前他读书的那间学校倒塌了。Theschool_________________________________________waspulleddown.改错Doyoustillremembertheschoolwhichwevisitedthepaintingexhibition?2.I’llneverforgetthelastdaywhichwespenttogether.3.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomewasbecausehewasill.4.Thereweremanyboys,oneofwhoisLiMing.5.Shecamehomelateagain,itmadehermotherworriedagain.四．高考真题，用合适的关系词填空。1.Behindhimwereotherpeopleto______hewastryingtotalk,...（）2.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder______hadbeenhisteacher.（）3.Janepausedinfrontofacounter(柜台)_______someattractivetieswereondisplay.（）4.Theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilo