高考英语一轮复习名词详解考点专练

高考英语一轮复习:名词详解考点专练考点一：可数名词&不可数名词1.单、复数形式的变化★可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，可数名词复数形式分规则变化和不规则变化。不规则变化的名词复数形式需专门记忆，常见的有man→men,woman→women,child→children,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,foot→feet等。还有一些单复数同形的名词，如fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。温馨提示：(1)由man构成的表示某国人复数的变化形式：Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen,German→Germans。(2)名词修饰名词时，若前面的名词是man和woman，变复数时，两个名词同时变为复数形式(如awomanteacher→twowomenteachers);如果是其他名词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变为复数形式(如agirlstudent→twogirlstudents)。(3)由“数词+连字符+名词(+连字符+形容词)”构成的合成形容词作定语时，该名词用单数形式，如two-dayholiday(=twodays'holiday)，也可以表示为twoday(s)holiday，但在中考选择题中优先选择前两种表达形式。★不可数名词没有单、复数形式的变化。但若要表示不可数名词的量，通常可用相应的单位词，如piece,cup,bowl,bottle等，复数形式常体现在单位词上，如twobottlesofyogurt。2.修饰词3.对数量提问使用的疑问词★对可数名词的量提问时用howmany。★对不可数名词的量提问时用howmuch。4.兼作可数名词和不可数名词的名词这类名词需在句中根据语法及句意判断是可数还是不可数，如glass(玻璃)→aglass(玻璃杯)，chicken(鸡肉)→achicken(小鸡)，orange(橙汁)→anorange(橙子)。【常考点示例】Ⅰ.单项选择()1.—Mom,pleasegivemetwo______.Iwanttomakevegetablesalad.—OK.Hereyouare.A.tomatoB.tomatoesC.tomatos()2.Therearealotof______onthegrassland.______sheep-dogissittingnexttothem.A.sheep;TheB.sheep;AC.sheeps;TheD.sheeps;A()3.Many______areplayinganactivepartinmakingKunmingacivilizedcity(文明城市).A.manB.womanC.volunteerD.volunteers()4.Thebroken______maycutintoyourhandifyoutouchit.Youshouldbecareful.A.glassB.glassesC.candleD.candles()5.—Areyouthirsty?—Yes,pleasegiveus______.A.threebottlewaterB.threebottleofwaterC.threebottlesofwaterD.threebottlesofwaters()6.Iwenttothehospitalyesterday.Ifoundafew______there.A.mannursesB.mennurseC.mennurses()7.Icangiveyoulotsof______onhowtoimproveyourspeakingskills.A.adviceB.wayC.idea()8.Weallexpectthe______summerholidayaftertheexam.A.twomonthB.two-monthC.two-monthsD.twomonths()9.—Iwentfromaschooldesktoashipinmyteens.—______dayswouldyoubeatsea?Homesick?HowlongB.HowmanyC.HowmuchD.HowsoonⅡ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.Many_______(hero)havesetgoodexamplesforustofollow.2.Myparentsare_______(German),buttheyneedtoliveandworkinEngland.3.Look!Somany_______(girl)studentsareenjoyingthemselvesontheplayground.4.Wouldyouliketoeatsome_______(orange)ordrinksome_______(orange)juice?5.Howmuch_______(sugar)didyouputinyourcoffee?6.Thissupermarkethas700freeparking_______(space).Butnowthereisno_______(space)forthecar.7.Wehavea7-_______(day)holiday.Wewanttostayathometorelax.考点二：名词词义辨析解题关键：通过分析具体的语境来辨析名词的词义。【常考点示例】单项选择()1.—What'syour______toEnglishlearning,LinTao?—IthinkwatchingEnglishmoviesishelpful.A.PlaceB.ageC.timeD.secret()2.—Thedishesinthisrestaurantmustbeveryexpensive.—Don'tworry.Youcanenjoyyourself.It'smy______.A.timeB.treatC.taskD.taste()3.WebelieveOneBelt,OneRoad(一带一路)willhelpChinaimprovethe______withlotsofcountries.A.relationshipB.situationC.environment()4.—It'shisnewbook,butIthinkitismoreinterestingthanhisotherbooks.—Iagreewithyou.Hislatestbookisuptohishighest______.A.choiceB.standardC.purposeD.wealth考点三：名词所有格(’s所有格和of所有格)1.单数名词、人名和不以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格通常在词尾加's;以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格在词尾加'。2.用and连接两个并列名词，如果表示两者共同拥有，只在第二个名词后加's即可;如果表示两者各自拥有，则每个名词后都加's。3.表示时间、距离、价格、国家、城市等无生命的事物的名词，可在词尾加's或'来构成所有格(如yesterday'snewspaper,fivekilometers'distance,America'sflag)。其他表示无生命的事物的名词，一般用“of+名词”来表示，作后置定语(如thefaceofaclock)。【常考点示例】Ⅰ.单项选择()1.“Itdependsonmy______decision,”themothersaidandlookedathertwosons.A.childrenB.children'sC.childD.child's()2.—Howfarisyourhomefromthetrainstation?—It'sabout20______walk.A.minuteB.minutesC.minute'sD.minutes'()3.______motherworksinSt.Mary'sHospital.A.JimandBobB.Jim'sandBob'sC.JimandBob's()4.Theonlineshopsells______shoesataverylowprice.A.childandmen'sB.childrenandmen'sC.children'sandmenD.children'sandmen'sⅡ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.The_______faceswereasight,coveredwithdust.(boy)2._____(teacher)Dayiscoming.IwillgetmyChinese,math,English_______(teacher)someflowers.3.Th