阅读理解00 2018考研帮基础

课程配套讲义是学习的必备资源，帮帮为大家精心整理了高质量的配套讲义，确保同学们学习的方便与高效。该讲义是帮帮结合大纲考点及考研辅导名师多年辅导经验的基础上科学整理的。内容涵盖考研的核心考点、复习重点、难点。结构明了、脉络清晰，并针对不同 第八章真题超精 1999Passage 2000Passage 2003Passage 2003Passage 2004Passage 2004Passage A阅读能力一直是各种英语考试考查的重点。在全国硕士研究生入学考试中阅读理解的A部分占了整个试卷分值的40%，而且其他部分与阅读理解也密切相关。英译汉以它为基础。（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%，包括信函、书报和杂志上的文章，而且还考查考，Tim（，The）y国），T），T（卫报科普类文章主要来源于：NationalGeographic（国家地理杂志，Scientific，Scienc（，New，，Natur（商业经济类文章主要来源于：BusinessWeek（商业周刊，TheEconomist（经济学家杂志）WallStreetJournal（华尔街杂志。间将面对的大量概括性强、抽象思维为主的材料有关。简言之，的事实和细节当主旨，把片面的、次要的观点当成主要观点。因此考生一定要从文中找依据、范围等都与原文完全一致。第三，字面意思。在英语语言中，许多词或短语存在多义的现象，考生如果只掌握其常用的基本词义是不够的。在阅读实践中，更不能用已掌握的常用词义去类似这样的词语：TRUE、NOT、EXCEPT等，这类词一定要标出，防止在做题时个意群（意群是指表达特定概念的一个或一组词语，便于在文中定位。题中的意群要仔细 中某个人的话；(4)it,this,that,which,these,those等。例如：Theword“mania”(line4,paragraph2)mostprobably Theword“bummer”(line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething Theword“talking”(line6,paragraph3)denotes Theexpression“tipservice”(line3,paragraph3)mostprobably Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobably Bysaying“thesefiguresareconservative”(line3,paragraph3),Dr.Wormmeans By“EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet”(line1,paragraph1),theauthorWhentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling,hemeansTheword“it”(line3,para2)mostprobablyrefersto 该单词并不重要，重要的是上下文，如果该单词认识，并且不超纲，那么他在文章中必能根据线索找到该选项的同义词、近义词、反义词、Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscoveredthatoncogenes,whicharecancer-causinggenes,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff,becomescancerous.★Theword"dormant'inthethirdparagraphmostprobably [A]dead[B]ever-present[C]inactive[D]Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationmayactivateadormantoncogene…可以分析出致癌基因inactivitybutawaitingdevelopmentoractivityinactive同义，没有二次使用是为了避potentialactivate(makeactive)的意思也不搭Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife,”andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.★“Jugglingone’slife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterized [A]non-materialistic [B]abitof[C]extreme [D]anti-【正确项精解】首先根据题干关键词Jugglingone'slife进行定位。段首提到，放弃“jugglingone'slife”的生活哲学，转而过一种“downshifting”的生活得到的回报更高。由此workingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaRumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher'spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened."Scientific"creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor"equaltime"intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience,Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnon-fundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard"scientific"creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.★"Creationism"inthepassagerefers [A]evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginofthe[B]anotionofthecreationof[C]thescientificexplanationoftheearth[D]thedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginofthecreationismcreationismcreationists惯用手法的creationism是一种虚假理论，D选项正确。creationismevolutionA选项将两者等第一段第五句只提到creationism基于宗教而产生，B选项属无中生有。Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.★Theword“bummer”mostprobablymeans A.religiousB.unpleasantC.soulD.【答案精解】根据题干快速精确定位（原文第五段。本段指出：无论是现实生活还是bummer，由此可知，bummer是带有“痛苦”“悲伤”等消极彩色Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds”tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhaveit,lookatthemoldonapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythanthey★Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“untaughtmind”inthefirst[A]Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedin[B]Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonal[C]Apersonwhohashadno[D]Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasby【正确项精解】untaught原意为“未受教育的，无知的”，理解它的确切含义要通过语untaughtmind这类人的想法：discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds”tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents他[B]选项内容与第一段无关。[C]untaughtmind的字面意思，文中提到的这类人未必没有知识，没有文化。[D]选项本身存在理解上的错误。原文是说“untaughtmind这类人以为发明总是由于偶然原因被创造出来”，并不是指“他们自己由于Comeupwith意思是：产生，发现（解决办法、方案）。例如：ForyearsJonesKeptworkinghard,comingupwithnewandgoodideas.几年来琼斯一直努Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept—whatyouthinkyouwanttothenbroadenit."Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,"saysanotherexpert."There'snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis."Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain."Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,"saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.★Theexpression"tipservice"(Line4,Paragraph3)mostprobably [B] [C] [D]分号后提到当你收到电子邮件时，把它看作是再次核查数据库的提示，句中remindertipservice前后呼应，为其同义解释，故［D］选项正确。tipservice在原文中的含义无关，属于“答非所问”。ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC—includingordinarylistenersandviewers—tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC'sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganisationasitis,ortomakechanges. TheBBC's"royalcharter"(line4,paragraph4)stands thefinancialsupportfromtheroyaltheprivilegesgrantedbytheacontractwiththeauniquerelationshipwiththeroyal（原文第四段）末句提到政府进行民意调查的原因是：theBBC’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitis,ortomakechanges，可见，royalcharterBBSrunout的含义。runoutC选项。英国是君主立宪制国家，与女王签约表明BBC是国家办的广播公司，而非私营企业。Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo's17th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake'sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.★Theword"schism"(line3,paragraph1)inthecontextprobably ★Paragraphs2and3arewritten discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience'sshowtheauthor'ssympathywithexplainthewayinwhichscienceexemplifythedivisionofscienceandthe［A］confrontation(对抗)deepened不搭配，其谓【正确项精解】文章首段最后一句提出了全文的主旨：科学与人文之间的分裂更加深from,becauseof,byaccordingto等。在问句中，常用的what,which,where,who,when,how（五个“W”一个H，如：IncontrasttotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcareMisledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchisTheemergenceoftheNetTomakeyourhumorwork,youAccordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecauseTheauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecauseWhatisthemythconcerninggiantdams?WhydoesCarreerSite’sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions?HowdidRedmondfindhisjob?OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofus,the"cashlesssociety"isnotonthehorizon—it'salreadyhere.★Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsowner withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankasheobtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopleenjoygreatertrustfromthecashmoneywhereverhewishes★Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearn inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcreditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatenowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayinitisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthan【答案详解】本文第一段通过一系列的实例说明信用卡（creditcard）给其使用者带来的符合事实。无论是持信用卡还是支付现金，顾客在购物时都享受同等的信誉。[D]选项错在呢？注意：解此题的关键是定位到具体的一句话。【答案详解】本题考查考生对第一段最后一句的理解。该段最后一句指出“对于我们很nowadays与原句时态相符，manyAmericansformanyofsotaynhlsit一致，因此[C][A]intefutretislyreteAmericans也过于绝对。[]选项的内容原文未提及；而且它与本段第二句谈到的可以在国外使用信用卡的事实相悖。[D]选项亦无法从该句推论。命题意图要求考生理解某句话的内涵，弄清楚它的每个单词、表达方式和整句话传达的信息。有时可以借助离得不远的上WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica--breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandtheweavingmachine?Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry’sexcellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,“spatial”thinkingaboutthings★Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasinalargepartdueto elementary [B]enthusiastic[C]theattractivepremiumsystem[D]aspecialwayof【答案详解】文章首句是个设问句，题干是对它的改写，其中duetoaccountfor是同aboveall（最重要）inalargepart同义，显示它后面的内容与前面所列原因相比，更具重要性。因此D选项为正确答案。其他选项都是次要原因。YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels—ITVandChannel4—wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment'sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels—fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers'subscriptions—whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm. TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnoother [A]theemergenceofcommercialTV[B]theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythe[C]theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsand[D]thechallengeofnewsatellite【正确项详解】本段（原文第六段）BBC不得不进行改革，接着陆续给出原Itisthearrival...whichwill...thebiggestchanges...，强调后一原因更具重WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuiltOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionage----spyingasa"profession."ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.★TheemergenceoftheNet [A]receivedsupportfromfanslike[B]remoldedtheintelligence[C]restoredmanycommon[D]revivedspyingasa络已经改变了购买书籍和邮寄信件这样的日常消遣方式，也正在重塑多诺汶曾经从事的职业”。从该段第二句得知，多诺汶是间谍大师，其职业就是情报工作，也就是［B］选项的“teitllesriesmldsingA(ldeld，［C［选项也都属于“偷换概念”，混淆“stoe”和“me”以及“se”和“rie”含义：原文中的含义是互联网改变了人们的日常消遣方式，而“stoe”的意思是“恢复”；而“rie”FriedmanreliesonaleanstaffinAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm'soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford'sbriefsdon'tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.★Straitfordismostproudof [A]official[B]nonconformist[C]efficient[D]militaryproudof可定位至文章末段最后一句。该句指出，司特Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression."Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores--personality,ability,courageorhumanity--arecompletelyignored,"saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty'seducationcommittee."Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild."LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe"Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents."★Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothe[A]Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocial[B]Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellas[C]Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationof[D]Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttestcreativity“强调机械的学习，而不注重创造性”偷换为ischaracterizedbymechanicalOncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.That’saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.★IntheviewofNet [A]thereshouldbenomarketingmessagesinonline[B]moneymakingshouldbegivenprioritytoonthe[C]theWebshouldbeabletofunctionasthetelevision[D]thereshouldbenoonlinecommercialinformationwithoutNetpurists定位至第三段最后一句。该句提到“这是一线文化高度赞扬的理念是：流动到屏幕上的信息是应特定的需要而出现(theinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest)。这一理念也是网络净化者所推崇的。因式”的反感偷换为“营销信息本身”。［B］选项属于“无中生有”，moneymaking在文中的题干中一般都包含了若干标志性词汇，如suggest,imply,infer,indicate等，例如：The4thparagraphsuggests Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that Speakingoftheonlinetechnologyavailableformarketing,theauthorimplies （1）绝大多数推断题答案是文章中心或原文某句话的同意替换，正确答案与Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind’slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheideaofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.★Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat[A]peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyesto[B]theblindcouldbehappierthanthe[C]over-excitedpeopletendtoneglectvital[D]fascinationmakespeoplelosetheirbut一词进行转折，指出让人着迷有时也就让人盲目，第Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheir★Cartwrightseemstosuggest [A]wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbad[B]visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemunder[C]dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnatural[D]dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtothe【正确项精解】推断题。根据题干和选项中的信息快速精确定位到（原文第四段。该belongtotheunconsciousneednotbelefttotheunconscious。【干扰项分析】［A］wakeupjustVisualizehowyouwouldlikeittoend设置的干扰项，原文的意思是“想象如何结以［C］选项错误，如在should后加一个not，则［C］就是正确的了。Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.Itis,however,presumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientists,somanybusinessmen,somanyaccountants.Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations.★Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor'scountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis [A]dependentuponthestartingageof[B]worthtryinginvarioussocial[C]oflittlepractical[D]attractivetoeverykindofEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltraining定位到本段（原育)培养出的各类专业人员不太可能达到所需的数量”。由文中转折词however和负面词汇［A］选项和［D］选项均属于“无中生有”，利用文中个别词汇设置Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yetitishardtoimaginethatthemergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldre-createthesamethreatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheUS,whentheStandardOiltrustwasbrokenup.Themergersoftelecomcompanies,suchasWorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasing—witnessDaimlerandChrysler,RenaultandNissan—butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.★Fromparagraph4wecaninfer [A]theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurt[B]WorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsand[C]thecostsoftheglobalizationprocessare[D]theStandardOiltrustmighthavethreatened该题型要求考生1)区分论点和论据2)seleillttionmsttionmliyillstemste等，具体问法如下：Thecaseof…demonstratedTheauthorwantstoprovetheexampleof…that...Theexampleof…isusedtoshow...返回原文定位该例子干扰项特征例子本身，就事论事。Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn'ttheyfalloutofthesky?★TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewton [A]inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientific[B]scienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchesare[C]scientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureof[D]unpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientificmindspreparednessoftheminds，aremoreimportantthan...dependsfarlesson...thanon...Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding—theknowledge,hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.★Inparagrah2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshow [A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthe[B]exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildren[C]exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyand[D]theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptionalleadingactortheirenvironmentsupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplay。【干扰项分析】文章第一段指出特殊儿童与正常儿童相比有许多不同，但是并没有具体就某方面的不同进行比较，而[]选项中出现了原文不存在的“家庭影响”比较，所以不对。[]yptilildnilyndsit[]选项的含义与原文已大相径庭。[选项也出现了文中未有的“比较”。ighmhirtn意思为：比……分量重得多，比……重要得多。Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica'sSecondWaveinfrastructure-includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain'sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou'regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ItdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.★ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicy ［A］gettingfinancialsupportfrom［B］gettingovertheirout-datedanti-colonial［C］buildingindustrial［D］beinginvadedinA选项是本段（原文第四段）getovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment（克服对外国投资所持的过时的反殖民主义偏见）的概括和改写，即接受外国投资，所以为正确答案。B选项虽属于原文内容，但不属于政策的内容，偷换了概念。C,D两个干扰选项都属于例子本身WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"of spyingasa"profession."ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.★Donovan'sstoryismentionedinthetext[A]introducethetopicofonline[B]showhowhefoughtforthe[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformation[D]honorhisuniqueservicestothe·多诺汶的故事出现在文章第一段，该段段尾指出互联网改变了多Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatemonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevermorepronounced.★Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentioned [A]stresstheimportanceofprofessional[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsattheWorld[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpert[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthan【答案精解】文章在第一段指出：出色的足球运动员往往出生在一年内的前几个月而theauthor’sattitudeattitude的近义词来进行表述。但是intheeyesof等字样，考生应当加以区分。例如：Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsIQ Howdothepublicfeelaboutthelong-termeconomicsituation? [B]Confused Whatismanycaptiveshippers'attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry? 积极的：positive(肯定的,积极的),optimistic(乐观的),useful(有用的,有益的),admiring(赞赏的,钦佩的),instructive(有益的,教育性的),enthusiastic(热心的,热情的),supportive(支持的),approval(赞成,同意),approving(满意的)消极的：negative(否定的,消极的),pessimistic(悲观的,厌世的),disappointed(失望的),frustrated(失败的,挫折的),critical(批评的，批判的),questioning(质疑的),doubtful(可疑的),dissatisfied(不满意的),biased(有偏见的),suspicious(怀疑的),oppose(反对),opposition(反对),worried(担忧的),depressed(沮丧的)客观的：objective(客观的),impartial(公平的,不偏不倚的),detached(超然的，不偏不倚的),impersonal(非个人的,客观的)会专门撰文。另外，puzzling迷惑的),gloomy令人沮丧的scared恐惧的),disgusting令人厌nevertheless,howeverbut,yet★Theauthor'sattitudetowardstheissueseemsto [A] [B] [C] [D]【答案详解】本道题目不用定位原文，根据命题规律就可以选出正确答案。撰文。另外，puzzling迷惑的),biased（偏见的）出现也不会是正确选项，因为一般考研阅读gloomy(令人沮丧的),scared(恐惧的),disgusting(令人厌恶的)等词语。Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist'scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.★Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems［A］optimistic［B］overconfident［C］gloomy［D］Itwas3:45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken.Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,Australia'sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.Themeasurepassedbytheconvincingvoteof15to10.AlmostimmediatelywordflashedontheInternetandwaspickedup,halfaworldaway,byJohnHofsess,executivedirectoroftheRighttoDieSocietyofCanada.Hesentitonviathegroup'son-lineservice,DeathNET.SaysHofsess:"Wepostedbulletinsalldaylong,becauseofcoursethisisn'tjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia.It'sworldhistory."Thefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIlllawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,includingchurches,right-to-lifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustralia—whereanagingpopulation,life-extendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart—otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanada,wheretheright-to-diemovementisgatheringstrength,observersarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling.UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylaw,anadultpatientcanrequestdeath—probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill—toputanendtosuffering.Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Aftera"coolingoff"periodofsevendays,thepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNickson,a54-year-oldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancer,theNTRightsofTerminallyIlllawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition."I'mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofview,butwhatIwasafraidofwashowI'dgo,becauseI'vewatchedpeopledieinthehospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmasks,"he★Fromthesecondparagraphwelearn [A]theobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinother[B]physiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewon[C]changingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageofthe[D]ittakestimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw's★Whenthea