北师大版高中英语必修四 Unit10 Money-语法篇(学生版)

第第#页Unit10Money语法篇1、不定代词。2、不定式。一，不定代词some/any/nosome,any作“一些，某个”讲，表示不确定的或未知的数量数目，可用在可数名词和不可数名词前。some通常用于肯定陈述句中，any用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。例:Shepickedsomeflowersfromthegarden.Doyouhaveanymoneywithyou?some可用在表示邀请或请求的句子中，表示希望对方给予肯定回答。例：MayIaskyousomequestions?any用于肯定句中，表示“任何（一个）的”。例：Youmaycomeatanytime.no=nota/notany,作定语，后跟可数名词或不可数名词。例：Ihavenochoice.Alotof/lotsof/plentyof/many/muchalotof,lotsof,plentyof意为“许多，大量的”，可用于可数名词复数和不可数名词前。例：Alotofpeoplesaythattheylivefornopurpose.Youneedtowearlotsofwarmclothes.Thereisplentyoftime.many后跟可数名词复数，much后跟不可数名词。例：HespeakssomeChinese,butnotmuch.Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?all/none;both/neither;eitherall指三个或三个以上的人或事物，both指两个人或物，在句中都可作主语，宾语，表语，同位语或定语。例：Weareallstudents.Allofusshouldworkhard.both和all都可直接修饰名词。名词前有限定词时，其前只能用bothof或allof。例：Bothofbrothersareclever.neither意为（（两者）都不”none意为“没有人，一个也没有”either表示“两者之一”或（（两者中的）任何一个”，用于单数名词，of+宾格人称代词或带限定词的复数名词前，作主语，宾语或定语。例：Neitherofusisadoctor.Noneofthebooksarehelpful.Herearetwobrushes.Useeither.Another/other/theother/theothersanother表示三者或三者以上中的另一个，意思是“再一，又一”一般接可数名词单数。例：Lucy,wouldyoulikeanothercake?other泛指“其他的，另外的”可接复数名词；复数形式others表示“另一些”相当于other+名词。例：Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?Somearecarryingwater,othersarewateringthetree.theother指“两者中的另一个”常与one连用，构成one...theother...结构；theothers特制一定范围内的“其余的人或物”。例：Mr.andMrs.Shutehavetwochildren.Oneisadaughter,andtheotherisason.Ihavegottenpencils.Twoofthemarered,theothersareblue.二，不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to+动词原形”其中to是动词不定时的符号。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。不定式具有动词的特征，可和后面的名词等构成不定式短语；不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以在句子中作主语，表语，宾语，补足语，定语，状语。不定式作主语：不定式作主语，表示特指的一次性动作。Tosayisonething;todoisanother.为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语一动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.不定式作宾语：英语中agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等动词后需接不定式作宾语。Thegovernmentdecidedtorebuildthedamagebridge.decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell等动词后常接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。Thedriverwonderedhowtostartthecarinsuchacoldmorning.不定式作表语不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。Mywishistojointhearmyaftergraduation.如果主语是不定式，表示条件，表语也应用不定式，表示结果。Toseeistobelieve.如果主语的中心词是aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,wish等，或是以wish引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对其作补充说明。Hisjobistofeedanimals.不定式作宾语补足语：①英语中advise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,expect,force,forbid,get,order,permit,persuade,require,teach,tell,want,wish,warn等动词后常接不定式作宾语补足语，且不定式符号to不能省略。Sheaskedmetoaccompanyhertotheairport.不定式在动词let,make,feel,hear,see,observe等后作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to需省略。Theaccidentmadeusrealizethatsafetycan'tbeignored.动词help接动词不定式作宾语不足语时，不定式符号to可省略也可不省略。Afterthedinnerhehelpedhismother(to)washupthedishes.不定式作定语：不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。主谓关系，被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。Weneedsomepeopletohelppickapples.动宾关系，被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。Ihavemanythingstodo.同位关系，不定式是对其所修饰的名词作解释说明。We'vemadeaplantospendtheweekend.不定式作状语：不定式作状语，可表示动作的目的，结果，原因，条件和方式。todo,inordertodo,soastodo都可表示目的，但todo,inordertodo的位置既可在句首，又可在句末；而soastodo只能放在句末。Ilefthomeatsevensoasto/inordertobethereontime.表结果，不定式在下列结构中表示谓语动作的结果，不定时的动作一般在句子末尾。⑴表示终结性的动词find,see,hear,learn,discover的不定式，常表示出乎意料的结果，并且不定式前常有never,only等副词修饰。HearrivedinNewOrleanswithoutapennyinhispocketonlytofindthattherewerenoboatsforSouthAmerica.⑵在“so+adj./adv.+as+todo"中。Thesceneryissobeautifulastoattractmanypeoplehereeveryyear.⑶在“adj./adv.+enough+todo"中。HeranfastenoughtocatchupwithLiLei.⑷在“too+adj./adv.(forsb.)+tode”'中。It'stoomuchformetoabsorballatonce.③表原因，不定式常在形容词afraid,glad,pleased,sad,worried,sorrow,surprised,excited等后面说明主语的某种心情，情感所产生的原因。Theyareverygladtosetfootontheirhomeland.例1.Theydon'tcometothebookclubanymore,forreasonsforothers.somealleitherboth例2.Neithersideispreparedtotalktounlesswecansmooththingsoverbetweenthem.otherstheotheranotheroneother例3.Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwordsindailyconversation.usingtousehavingusedused例4.Theenginejustwon'tstart.Sometimesseemswrongwithit.togotohavegonegoinghavinggone例5.（2019北京丰台高三一模）TheroadnextweekleadstoHighway62.buildingtobuildtobebuiltbuilt基础演练一，用some或any填空。—Whenshallwegotolookattheapartment?—Makeitdayyoulike;it'sallthesametome.Janewasaskedalotofquestions,butshedidn'tanswerofthem.—What'sthat?Itsmellsgreat!—It'smilktea.Wouldyoulike?Shegaveofthemeattothecat.Wedidthejobwithoutdifficulty.Dropinonmeattime.Ifhehadreadofthosebooks,hewouldhaveknowntheanswer.巩固提高一，单项选择。Hedoesn'thavefurnitureinhisroom一justanolddesk.A.anyB.manyC.someD.muchThetwogirlsaregettingonverywellandsharewitheachother.A.littleB.muchC.someD.noneIt'saneither-orsituation一wecananewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan'tdoA.othersB.eitherC.eachD.bothI'velivedinNewYorkandChicago,butdon'tlikeofthemverymuch.A.eitherB.anyC.eachD.another—John,whenshallwemeetagain,ThursdayofFriday?—.I'llbeofftoLondonthen.A.eitherB.NeitherC.BothD.NoneLarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,butofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.A.eitherB.anyC.neitherD.noneYouareateamstar!Workingwithisreallyyourcupoftea.A.bothB.eitherC.othersD.theotherIfeltsobadalldayyesterdaythatIdecidedthismorningIcouldn'tfacedaylikethat.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others一，单项选择。It'simportantforthefiguresregularly.A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdatedMaryhastroubleinspeaking,whichmakesitdifficultherthoughtsandfeelings.A.expressB.expressingC.expressedD.toexpressHetoldmethathisaimwasajobaroundheretosupporthimselfwhilehestudiedintheuniversitythesedays.A.togetB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglostPassengersarepermittedonlyonepieceofhardluggageontotheplane.A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarriedWithsomanyproblems,Jacklookslikeacatonahottinroof.A.solvedB.tosolveC.solvingD.tobesolvedWithsomanythings,Ihavetoworklateintothenight.

A.todealwithB.dealtwithC.dealingwithD.beingdealtwithA.todealwithB.dealtwithC.dealingwithD.beingdealtwithTheabilityanideaisasimportantastheidesitself.A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressedWiththeworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnewwithallbyourselveseveryday.A.dealB.dealtC.todealD.dealingBird'ssingingissometimesawarningtootherbirdsaway.A.tostayB.stayingC.stayedD.stayTheoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happyanythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatchedTomtookataxitotheairport,onlyhisplanehighupinthesky.A.findingB.tofindC.beingfoundD.tohavefound（2019北京大兴高三一模）Thetopicattomorrow'smeetingisveryimportanttoallofus,soeveryoneshouldbehereontome.A.discussingB.discussedC.tobediscussedD.discuss（2019北京西城高三第一学期期末）thetravellingneedsofpassengers,ChinaRailwayCorporationhasdecidedthatpeoplecanbooktickets60daysinadvance.A.MeetB.TomeetC.MetD.Meeting（2019北京丰台高三第一学期期末）Peopleplantedtreesonthewastehillswaterandsoilloss.A.todecreaseB.decreasingC.decreasedD.decrease（2019北京石景山高三第一学期期末）Scotlandvotedagainstindependence;morethanhalfofthepeoplechosepartoftheUnitedKingdom.A.remainingB.remainedC.tohaveremainedD.toremain一，完形填空。IsetupaclassroomlibraryofbooksthatIbought1myownmoney.Thelibrarylooksbeautiful,likea2.Andmystudents3itverymuch.Ireadthechildrenastory.Itisaboutagirlwhois4poorthatshewearsthe5dresstoschooleveryday.Butshesaysshehasahundreddress6.Theothergirlslaughatheruntilshegoesaway.7_,herclassmatesdiscovershereallyhasahundreddresses一ahundredbeautifuldrawingsofdresses.Oh,God,everychild8whenIclosethebook.9amomenteverythingisquiet.Thenaboy10inmyear,“Ihavetotelltheclasssomething."Heshowsmethathehashalfafinger11.Iturnhimtowardstheclassandputmy12onhisshoulder.Heisabit13.“I...Ionlyhavenineandahalffingers."He14hishands.“Pleasedon'tlaughatmeaboutit."Thestudentsbecome

15_.Thenoneboycallsout,“16whomakes17ofyou,I'llkickthem."Me,too，”says18Whentheboysees