线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件

Nematode线虫Nematode线虫1IntroductiontoNematodeClassNematoda（线虫纲）

about10speciesaremedicalimportant

IntroductiontoNematodeClass2线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件3GeneralmorphologicalcharactersofnematodeCylindricalshapenon-segmented(不分节)bilateralsymmetry(两侧对称）dioecious(雌雄异体)，femalesareusuallylargerthetailofthemaleusuallycurled（卷曲）orexpandtoumbrella-likeGeneralmorphologicalcharacte4GeneralmorphologicalcharactersofnematodeGeneralmorphologicalcharacte5线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件6线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件7CharactersoflifecycleTypeoflifecycle：soil-transmissionnematodes（土源性线虫）bio-sourcenematodes（生物源性线虫）：需中间宿主Infectivestage：InfectiveeggInfectivelarvacystCharactersoflifecycleTypeo8ImportantnematodesIntestinalnematode：蛔虫、钩虫、蛲虫、鞭虫等bloodnamatode丝虫Tissuenematode旋毛虫ImportantnematodesIntestinal9Ascarid/bellyworm/roundworm(蛔虫）。蛔虫病（ascariasis)似蚓蛔线虫

AscarislumbricoidesAscarid/bellyworm/roundworm(蛔虫10线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件11morphologialofadults

cuticle（表皮）withcircularstriations（环纹）Size:male:15～31cmfemale:20～35cmmorphologialofadultscuticle12lips(唇瓣)spicule(交合刺)lips(唇瓣)spicule(交合刺)13线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件14fertilisedegg(受精卵)

50:malbuminoidcoat(蛋白质外膜)thickeggshellvittelinelayer(受精膜);chitinouslayer(壳质层)ascaroside（蛔甙层）fertilisedegg(受精卵)50:malbum15unfertilisedegg(未受精卵)unfertilisedegg(未受精卵)16eggdecorticatedegg(脱蛋白膜卵)多细胞卵含幼虫卵eggdecorticatedegg(脱蛋白膜卵)多细胞卵17线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件18Simplelifecycle/directlifecyclefinalhost：humansinhabitedsite：smallintestineinfectivestage：infectiveeggInfectivemode：byingestionEggpassedinfecesLiverlungmigrationSummaryoflifecycleSimplelifecycle/directlife19线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件20pathogenecity肺蛔虫病（Loeffler’ssyndrome）异位寄生lungphaseoflarvalmigrationpathogenecity肺蛔虫病（Loeffler’s21larvainsectionoflung

larvainsectionoflung22蛔虫病（ascariasis

）并发症(complication)intestinalblockage(肠梗阻)Perforationofintestine(肠穿孔)

ascariasisofbileduct(胆道蛔虫症)

appendicitis(阑尾炎)pathogenecity蛔虫病（ascariasis

）pathogenecity23线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件24线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件25线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件26diagnosisEtilogicaldiagnosisfoundcharacteristicegginfeces；Adultinfecesjuveniles(幼虫)insputum

Immulogicaldiagnosis

diagnosisEtilogicaldiagnosis27epidemiologyGeographicdistribution:worldwideFactorsofhighprevalence：SimplelifecycleandproducelargenumbersofeggStrongresistancetochemicalandenvironmentStoolareuseforfertilizerPoorsanitationorLowpersonalhygieneepidemiologyGeographicdistrib28PreventionandcontrolTreatmentpatients,carriersMebendazole（甲苯达唑）Albendazole（阿苯达唑）GoodhygienePreventionandcontrolTreatmen29毛首鞭形线虫

Trichuristrichiurathehumanwhipwormliveinthecaecum(盲肠)andupperpartofthecolon(结肠)

毛首鞭形线虫

Trichuristrichiurathe30MorphologyofadultMorphologyofadult31MorpholoyofeggbarrelshapepolarplugsyellowbrownMorpholoyofeggbarrelshapepo32生活史(lifecycle)生活史(lifecycle)33Directlifecyclefinalhost：humaninfectivestage：infectiveeggrouteofinfection：byingestionEggpassedinfecesNoblood-lungmigrationDirectlifecycle34pathogenecitypathogenecity35diagnosisFindeggsinfeces。diagnosisFindeggsinfeces。36PreventionandcontrolGeograpgicdistribution:worldwide

treatment阿苯达唑albendazole甲苯咪唑mebendazolePreventionandcontrolGeograpg37钩虫：hookwormHumanhookworm

十二指肠钩口线虫

（Ancylostomaduodenale）

美洲板口线虫

(Necatoramericanus)hookwormdisease/ancylostomiasis钩虫：hookwormHumanhookworm38ShapeofadultShapeofadult39口囊:buccalcapsule

口囊:buccalcapsule40交合伞copulatorybursa;背辐肋dorsalray

交合伞copulatorybursa;背辐肋dorsal41交合刺copulatoryspicules

交合刺copulatoryspicules42MorphologyofeggMorphologyofegg43生活史(lifecycle)生活史(lifecycle)44SummaryoflifecycleAdultliveinupperofsmallintestineEggpassedinfecesinfectivestage：丝状蚴filariformlarva丝状蚴活动特点：向温性、向湿性、聚集性routeofinfect：byskinBlood-lungmigrationSummaryoflifecycleAdultliv45丝状蚴丝状蚴46PathogenicityLarvalpenetrationoftheskinmayleadtogrounditch(钩蚴性皮炎)；larvaemigratingthroughthelungsmaycausepneumonitis(肺炎)PathogenicityLarvalpenetratio47线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件48PathogenicityAdultfeedonthethesmallintestinemucosaandblood缺铁性贫血Irondeficiencyanemia(低色素小细胞型贫血）；腹泻和异嗜症；婴儿钩虫病(Infantilehookwormdisease)；消化道出血(Gastrointestinalblooding)。PathogenicityAdultfeedonthe49致病:Pathogenicity贫血原因：长期慢性失血(Chronicbloodloss)：

边吸边排边漏；分泌抗凝素anticoagulant；

频繁更换咬附部位；虫体活动造成组织、血管损伤。致病:Pathogenicity贫血原因：50线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件51线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件52diagnosisEtilogicalexamination（1）directsmear：（2）brinefloatationmethod(饱和盐水浮聚法)（3）Larvalcultivation(钩蚴培养法)

（4）larvainsputumdiagnosisEtilogicalexaminatio53diagnosisSerologicaltest（1）皮内实验（ID）（2）ELISA:（3）间接荧光抗体试验（IFA)diagnosisSerologicaltest54epidemiologyFactorsinprevalence

sourceofinfection：patientsandcarriers。WaytoinfectionepidemiologyFactorsinprevale55线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫课件56PreventionandcontrolTreamentofsourceofinfecti