2023海上风电培训资料合集

(海上)风电产业的参与者Who’swhointhewind

industry概况

Overview关于气候变化的联合国大会及政府间委员会UnitedNationsConvention&IntergovernmentalPanelonClimate

Change产业组织

Industry

Organisations权威机构

Regulatory

Authorities供应商

Sub-suppliers风机制造商

Turbine

manufacturers开发商

Developers业主

Owners其他团体

Otherbodies联合国政府间委员会UnitedNationsintergovernmental

panel联合国气候变化框架协议TheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventionforClimate

Change“京都议定书”

‘Kyoto

Protocol’IPCC

–政府间气候变化专门委员会IPCC–IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange行业组织Industry

organisations等等…

And

so

on…EWEA

–欧洲风能协会

EWEA

–

European

Wind

Energy

AssociationAWEA–美国风能协会

AWEA

–American

Wind

Energy

AssociationBWEA–英国风能协会

BWEA

–

British

Wind

Energy

AssociationIWEA

–爱尔兰风能协会

IWEA-

Irish

Wind

Energy

AssociationIWEA–印度风能协会

IWEA

–

Indian

Wind

Energy

Association丹麦风能协会

Danish

Wind

Energy

Association德国风能协会

GermanWindEnergyAssociation加拿大风能协会

Canadian

Wind

Energy

Association澳大利亚风能协会

Australian

Wind

Energy

Association新西兰风能协会

New

Zealand

WindEnergy

Association南非风能协会

South

African

Wind

Energy

Association全球风能委员会…andnowthe世界风能协会

WorldWindEnergyAssociation!GlobalWindEnergyCouncil权威机构

Regulatory

authorities世界各国,各地区都不相同

Varies

around

the

world,

and

within

regions

ofanycountry政府的

Governmental环境的

Environmental规划

Planning机场

Airports航空

Aviation港口

Ports

&

Navigation海运

Shipping电力传输

Electrical

transmission渔业

Fisheries国防

NationalDefence电信

Telecommunications风能是一个有政治色彩的市场Windenergyisapoliticalmarket政府Government业主Owner贷款方Lender用户Purchaser电网公司Grid

operator运行和维护的供应商OandM

Supplier供应商Supplier管理机构Regulator各国不同的规章制度Whatworksandwhatdoes

not?固定电价Feed-in招标Competition可交易的信用TradableCredit税收Tax产业Industry德国Germany西班牙Spain丹麦Denmark意大利Italy中国China意大利Italy非产业No

industry爱尔兰Ireland加拿大Canada英国UK爱尔兰Ireland法国France英国UK美国US加拿大Canada高容量Highcapacity德国Germany西班牙Spain丹麦Denmark意大利Italy美国US低容量Low

capacity英国UK爱尔兰Ireland法国France奖励政策特性–MW年鉴Characterisationofincentives–Annual

MW350030002500200015001000500091980198219841

861988199019921994199619982000200220042006SpainUSAGermanyUK如果能够协调好,产生足够的利润那么奖励政策就没有问题并发挥作用Thephilosophyoftheincentivedoesnot

matterIfitisconsistentandproducesadequate

returnsItwill

work!项目模式Project

model风机安装TurbineInstallationBOP安装BoP

Installation运行和维护Operations

&Maintenance购买电力Power

Purchase场址选择和设计SiteSelectionand

Design股权融资Equity

Financing银行融资Bank

Financing场址评估SiteAssessment风机选择Turbine

Selection发电量预测

Wind

YieldForecast电网研究

Grid

Study合同

Contracts许可

Permitting组装和安装Assembly

&Installation合同Contract管理Management土建工程Civil

Works电气工作HV/Electrical

Works监控系统SCADA

System合同

Contract管理

Management工程维护EngineeringSupport转包SubContracting设备租用Equipment

Hire合同

Contract管理

Management合同

Contract管理Management技术咨询

Technical

Advisory保险咨询

Insurance

Advisory法律咨询

Legal

Advisory金融产品

Financial

Products(咨询，买现卖期

Advisory,

Hedging)相关活动

Related

Activities阶段

Phases行动

Activities供应链–

海上风电Supplychain–offshore

wind设计和分析Design&

Analysis制造Manufacture安装Installation担保，运行和维护

Warranty,Operations&Maintenance部件的选择ComponentSelection初步设计Initial

Design载荷计算Load

Calculations认证Certification详细设计DetailedDesign制造Manufacture组装

Assembly销售和市场Sales&Marketing基础文档Foundationspread(s)电缆文档

Cablespread(s)风机文档WTGspread(s)项目管理ProjectManager风机服务和维护WTGservice

andrepairSmallvessel

ops起重机设备

Cranevessel备用电源

Sparessupply电缆服务

Cableservice

call-off电气服务

Electricalservice工程维护Engineering

support资产管理

AssetManagement齿轮箱Gearboxes发电机Generators变压器Transformers叶片

Blades塔架

Towers支撑结构Support

structure基础

Foundation电缆

Cables2006年现金流达到数十亿欧元4.5BoP运行和维护O

and

M金融Finance1.6 1.68.6用户Power

Purchaser风机Turbines10.5部件Component7已安装70,000MW

70,000

MWinstalled新增15,000MW

15,000

MW

new12.75新的资本New

capital业主

Owner其他Others1.6开发商Developers1.6服务ServicesCashflowin2006€billionsper

annum210亿欧元不包含

M

and

A€21billionWithoutMand

A2006年位列前9名的厂商EnerconRepowerMHISuzlonTopninemanufacturers

2006OthersNordexSiemensGEVestasGamesa位列前9名的厂商生产了95％的产品Top9accountfor95%of

productionDifficult

tooverestimateimportance

ofarrivalofGEand

Siemens市场份额

MW/年Marketshares

MW/annumVestasNEG

MiconGamesaEnerconEnron/GESiemensNordexDeWindMadeMHIRepowerSuzlonOthers市场份额的变化（MW/年）Marketsharedevelopment(MW

/a)450040003500300025002000150010005000199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006市场份额（％）Marketshare

(%)VestasNEG

MiconGamesaEnerconEnron/GESiemensNordexDeWindMadeMHIRepowerSuzlonOthers50%40%30%20%10%0%市场份额的变化（％）Marketsharedevelopment

(%)199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006什么时候一个制造商不是一个生产商？Whenisamanufacturernota

manufacturer?有多少是自己供给的？Howmuchself

supply?VestasSiemensGE

EnergyEnerconGamesaREpowerNordexDeWindEcotecniaMHISuzlon叶片Rotor

bladesVestasSiemens,LMTecsis,

LM,GEEnerconGamesaLM,A&R,EurusLMNOI,Polymarin,DeWindLMMitsubishiSuzlon齿轮箱GearboxHansen,Winergy(1),Moventos,BoschWinergyEickhoff,Winergy,Moventos,Boschn/

aHansen,Echesa,BoschRenk,WinergyWinergy,EickhoffVoithturbo,MoventosWinergyMitsubishiWinergyHansen发电机GeneratorLeroy,Somer,ABB,VestasABB,SiemensVEM,Loher(Winergy)EnerconIngeteam,Cantarey,ABBVEM,Loher(Winergy)Loher(Winergy)Loher(Winergy)ABB,SiemensToshibaLoher(Winergy),Siemens变流器ConverterSEG,ABBAlstom

/

n/a(4)GE,Alstom,SEG,

IDSEnerconIngeteam,ABBAlstom,SEGSEG,IDSAlstomABB?N/AN/A控制器ControlVestasKK-electronic(2)GEEnerconIngeteamMitaREpowerNCZ(Nordex)DeWindEcotecniaMitsubishiMitaTeknik塔筒TowerVestas,LocalSub-suppliersSub-suppliersEnercon,Sub-suppliersGamesa,Sub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersMitsubishi,Sub-suppliersSuzlon,Sub-suppliers铸件CastingsVestas,Sub-suppliers’Sub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliers锻件ForgingsSub-suppliers’Sub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliersSub-suppliers整机生产还是组装？Manufactureror

assembler?自己生产Inhouse

manufacture较高的

HIGHER较低的

LOWERMHIREpowerNordexEnerconGEVestasGoldwindEcotecniaEHNGamesaSuzlonFuji

?Anotherbig

nameSiemensSuzlon中国现有30个厂商制造1.5MW以上的风机Therearenow30manufacturersinChinamakingturbinesof>1.5

MW开发商

Developers海上大公司

Offshore

majorsShellNorsk

HydroBP电力公司

UtilitiesDONGE.ONRWEEDFNUONEssentCentricaScottish

PowerFPL独立公司IPPsDONGAirtricityWarwickWPDEclipseAMECSLPProkon

NordRangeof

Germandevelopers贷款方LendersFortisMediocreditoCentraleBTMBLBRabobankRoyalBank

ofScotlandBankof

ScotlandABN

AmroRoyalBankof

CanadaJPMorganInvestecCalyonDexiaBNPParibasHSH

NordbankBBVABESHvBUniCredito咨询-

非常重要Advisors-very

important!法律法规

LegalTechnicalAudit规划

Planning技术审计保险Insurance结语Concluding

remarks风能是Windenergy

is一个多种形式的行业adiverse

industry处在混乱的变迁状态中inastateof

flux吸引着新的参与者attractingnew

players5/10年后谁来主宰Whowill

bewhoinfive/ten

years?Garrad

Hassan海上风场电力系统Offshoreelectrical

systems内容

Contents介绍Introduction阵列电缆-集电系统Array

cables

–

collection

systems海上分电站Offshoresubstations传输到海岸Transmissiontoshore岸上工作Onshoreworks总结Summary1.介绍Introduction海上风电场电力系统Offshorewindfarmelectrical

systems由四个主要要素组成Consistoffourkey

elements:海上

Offshore场内电缆（电力收集系统）Inter-turbine

cables

(electrical

collection

system)海上分电站（如果有）Offshoresubstation(ifpresent)输送到海岸的电缆Transmission

cables

to

shore岸上Onshore岸上分电站（和岸上电缆）Onshore

substation

(and

onshore

cables)还有Also风机Turbines电网联接问题Grid

Connectionissues常规电力系统介绍海上分电站offshore

substation风机变压器Turbine

transformers海底高压电缆SubseaHV

cable现有的电网Existing

grid海底集电系统offshorecollectionsystem

subseacabling岸上分电站onshore

substation风机turbines岸上Onshore海上OffshoreIntroduction-generalelectrical

system典型的单线框图TypicalSingleLineDiagram

(SLD)电力系统成本介绍Introduction-electricalsystem

costsarray

cablestransmissioncablesoffshoresubstationonshoresubstationweatherother

items占项目成本的20-30%andtypicallyabout20-30%ofproject

costs电缆排布传送电缆海上分电站岸上分电站天气其他项目技术上相互影响介绍电网Grid电力系统Electrical

system风机Wind

turbines不变但需要项目技术规范Activeandproject

specific不变但是不影响项目技术规范Activebutnotproject

specific可变需要项目技术规范Passivebutproject

specificIntroduction-technical

interactions三个电力部分Three

electricalparts电网grid风机windturbines风电场电力系统wind

farmelectrical

system2.

电力收集系统Electricalcollection

system每行32MW32MWper

string电力收集系统－布局Electricalcollectionsystem-

layouts分电站Transformer

substation趋向于辐射电路布局，不需额外连接Trendisforradialcircuitswithoutadditional

links电力收集系统－电缆安装Electricalcollectionsystems–cable

installation工具：多数用犁，喷射机，切岩机Tools–mainlyplough,jetter,orrockcutter

…犁Plough喷射工具JettingTool电力收集系统－J型管Electricalcollectionsystems–

J-tubes内部inside电力收集系统－电缆J型管入口Electricalcollectionsystems–cableJ-tube

entry若无计划，会出现问题Veryproblematiconceitdoesn’tgotoplan电力收集系统－电缆保护Electricalcollectionsystems–cable

protection70%的电缆故障是人为造成（例如：捕渔装置，锚)Approximately70%+ofcablefailuresaredue

tohumanactivity,e.g.fishinggear,

anchors.埋在地下是最好的保护方法Burialisthebest

protection.电力收集系统－电缆保护Electricalcollectionsystems–cable

protection埋设成本和可行性决定于土壤条件Burialcostandfeasibilitydependson

soilconditions其他方式包括堆石覆盖、沙袋覆盖、和管道Alternatelycanrockdump,

mattress,pipe.调查Survey

!其他危险，例如：沉船、管线Alsootherhazards,e.g.wrecks,pipelines电力收集系统－成本Electricalcollectionsystems–

costs36kV电缆成本：大约在每公里10万英镑（大约150万RMB）36kVcablecostsintheorderof£100kper

km一些厂商提供更便宜价格somemanufacturersmayofferbetterprices.安装成本：5万-20万英镑再加每公里费用Installationveryvariableat£50k-£200k+perkm最便宜的方式是使用犁挖法或喷射法在松软的海床上作业lowendforjettingorploughingin‘soft’

seabed.一旦有岩石或冰砾存在，费用显著增加，埋设是不可行的oncerockorbouldersareinvolvedcostscangoupdramaticallyand

burialmaynotbe

feasible.电力收集系统－总结Electricalcollectionsystems–

summary辐射布局可用单线可达30-40兆瓦Radialstringsuptoabout

30-40MW小于36kV电压最佳≤

36kVvoltageoptimal电缆类型：XLPE

或

EPRCabletypescanbeXLPEor

EPR安装速度大约每天1-2台风机间的连接Installationratesof1-2inter-turbinelengthsperdayJ型管用于风机的出入口J-tubesusedforturbineentry/exit–fiddly

!通常最好采用埋设方法,除非无人类活动和有良好海洋环境GenerallybestburiedunlessNOhumanactivityandbenignsea

environment3.海上分电站Offshore

substations海上分电站－介绍Offshoresubstations–

introduction有一个海上分电站是必要的吗？Isitnecessarytohaveanoffshoresubstation?如果小项目，例如，100MW以下Iftheprojectissmall,c.100MWor

less接近海岸，

例如，15km以内…andclosetoshore,c.15kmor

less按收集电压连接电网，例如：33kV…andconnectingtothegridatcollectionvoltage,e.g.

33kV答案是：大概不必，否则的话，必须要有thentheanswerisprobablyno,else

yes.多数早期风场项目(英国、瑞典,荷兰)

符合前两个条件，并且也常常满足第三个条件，因此多数没有一个海上分电站Mostearlyprojects(UK,S,NL)answeryestothefirsttwoquestionsandoften

thethird.Hencemostarewithoutanoffshoresubstation.

,海上分电站－平板车式结构PowerTransformerModule

BModule

AModule

EModule

DOffshoresubstations–

BarrowHeli-LiftAuxAiluiaxrilyiarTransforymerTransformerModule

AModule

BModule

CModuleCPlatform

DeckCableDeck132kV

CableTransition33kV

CableTransitionP+132+M+1-W-*

海上分电站Offshore

substations平板车式结构Barrow

(Installed)大型安装工具HornsRev海上分电站－单线框图Offshoresubstations–singleline

diagram33kV

switchgearVArcompensation(Offshore

and/orOnshore)Dieselstandby

generator(Optional)变压器132/33kV

transformer开关设备~

柴油发电机海上分电站－一个或者两个变压器Offshoresubstations–oneortwo

transformers?单个变压器，或者两个（＋）并联？

Singletransformer,

ortwo(+)in

parallel?一个变压器－一旦有故障就是“灾难性的”One

transformer-failureis

“catastrophic”两个变压器

Two

transformers额外成本

Extracapitalcost针对变压器故障提高安全性

Improved

security

against

transformer

failure更新压器或者修理可能要数月的时间

newtransformer

orrepairscouldtake

months故障率低（1次100－150年）failurerates

arelow(1

in

100

-

150yrs)减少输出取决于变压器的额定值

reduced

export

depending

on

transformer

rating较高的运行和维护成本

Higher

O&M

costs也有其他因素，例如连接到海岸的电缆的数量，额定值等等Alsootherfactorssuchasnumberofcablestoshore,ratingsetc

…目前的趋势是在可能的情况下使用一个变压器Todatethetrendhasbeenfor1transformerwhen

possible海上分电站－成本Offshoresubstation-

costs单桩式更广泛Monopileseemstobeattractive总的成本5-10百万英镑按兆瓦增加Totalcosts£5-10Mincreasingwith

MWMW主要的成本变化取决于支撑结构及其安装Maincostvariableisthesupportstructureandits

installation对于100MW左右的风电场，电气设备要花费2百万英镑Electricalitemstypically£2Mfor100MWor

so支撑结构和安装可大大超过上述的费用Structureandinstallationcanbesubstantiallymorethanthis

£51015100200海上分电站－总结Offshoresubstations-summary最佳项目：

100MW左右并且远离海岸超过15km，特别是高于36kV的并网情况。Optimalforprojectsapproximatelyabove100MWand15km+outtosea,particularlyif

gridconnectedabove

36kV.安装后的典型成本为5－10百万英镑对于大约100MW的风电场。Coststypically£5-10Minstalledforaround

100MW.主要装置是开关设备（36KV，高压）和变压器。Mainplantisswitchgear(36kVandHV)and

transformer(s).也可包含备用电源和其他设备，例如：电抗器。Back-upsuppliesandotherkitalsopossible,e.g.

reactors.模块式/箱块方法通常先在岸上装好。Modular/containerisedapproachusuallytakenwithsubstationbuilt

onshore.近入方式与风机相同，经常也配备直升机平台Accessasperturbines,oftenalsowith

helideck注意-以上没有考虑–

直流变频器分电站NB-DCconvertersubstationnotconsidered

above.4.

输电电缆Transmission

cables输电电缆-介绍Transmissioncables-

introduction传送到海岸电缆Thesearethecablesto

shore.尺寸问题－距离，电压和兆瓦数是重要的Sizematters–distance,voltageandMWis

important.一般选择高压并网（即大于36KV）Projects

grid

connectingathighervoltages,i.e.>36kVwillprobablyopttocableatthegrid

voltage.例如

e.g.

Horns

Rev

风场在150kV

@

150kVBarrow 风场

在132kV@

132kV至于电缆的结构，安装和保护与风电场内电缆或收集系统电缆类似Aspectsofcableconstruction,installation,andprotectionaresimilartothearrayorcollectionsystemcables.电压和无功功率是重要的技术考虑，趋势是使用直流，而不是交流。VoltageandreactivepowerareimportanttechnicalconsiderationsleadingeventuallytoDCnotAC.输电电缆－

Horns

Rev风电场项目Transmissioncables-Horns

Rev14km输电电缆－电压，兆瓦数和距离的关系33kV132kV10010010Distance,

km距离Transmissioncables–voltage,MWand

distanceMW兆瓦500DC245kV+输电电缆

交流还是直流Transmissioncables–ACv

DC交流：AC:最长电缆长度取决于充击电流（通常为～100Km）Maximumcablelengthislimitedbychargingcurrent(usually~100

km)高压直流：HVDC:更廉价电缆，低线路损耗

cheaper

cable,

lower

cable

losses变流器成本，变流器损耗，可靠性convertercost,converterlosses,

reliability对于长距离输电，取代交流输电方式thereforebeatsACatlonger

distances更廉价的岸上部分

cheaperforonshore

section“传统的”高压直流（电流源变流器）：更廉价，更低的损耗‘traditional’HVDC(current-sourceconverters):cheaper,lowerlosses,less‘network-friendly’“高压直流－光”（电压源变流器）：更昂贵，高损耗，更友好的网络‘HVDC-light’(voltage-sourceconverters):moreexpensive,higherlosses,more‘network-friendly’输电电缆－直流选型海上分电站Offshore

substation岸上分电站Onshore

substationTransmissioncables–DC

options变流器电站尺寸大，昂贵并且不可避免，必须一个设在海上（另一个在岸上）Converterstationsarebig,expensiveandunavoidableplusonemustbelocatedoffshore(andone

onshore)输电电缆－直流电缆Transmissioncables–DC

cables与交流电缆相比，直流电缆是：Compared

to

AC,

DC

cables

are:简单

Simpler廉价

cheaper比交流损耗低

lowerlosses

compared

toACACDC输电电缆－成本Transmissioncables–

costsAC36kV36kV对于每行，大约100，000英镑/kmasperarrayataround£100kper

km110-150kV110-150kV大约200，000英镑/km

(XLPE

类型)around£200kperkm(XLPE

type)200-245kV200-245kV大约300，000英镑/kmaround£300kper

kmHV

DCHV

DC大约100，000英镑/kmaround£100kperkm(但是兆瓦级的变流器的成本数十兆英镑)(butconverterscostseveral£10Mdependingon

MW)输电电缆－总结Transmissioncables–

summary高电压是距离、兆瓦数和电网电压的函数Voltageisafunctionofdistance,MW,andgrid

voltage.物理参数类似于场内电缆Physicalaspectssimilartoarray

cables.因此主要输出电缆的保护是非常重要的MainMWexportcableshenceprotectionisvery

important.直流费用高，只适用大项目、长距离，例如：数百MW，距离大于100kmDCisexpensiveandonlyworthconsideringforbigprojectsatlongdistances–e.g.severalhundredMWat100km

+.5.岸上工作Onshore

works岸上工作－介绍Onshoreworks-introduction组成：Consist

of:从海底到陆地的电缆转换（岸上登陆）Transitionfromsubseatolandcableorline(shore

landing).岸上分电站Onshore

substation并网连接设备Gridconnection

aspects不包括电网风能整合或连接过程的一般问题Notgoingtocovergeneralissuesofgridintegrationofwindortheprocessofconnection.岸上工作－登陆和转换Onshoreworks–landingand

transition最好选择软土容易施工的地方

Hopefullysoftandeasy.最好避开海防工程、礁石、或者其他障碍物，要么定向钻孔，要么采取其他措施。Incaseswherethereareseadefences,rocksorotherobstacles,thesearebestavoided

orDirectionalDrillingorothermeasuresmaybe

necessary.应用过程中，从深水到浅水到潮汐再到陆地应该制定一个详细的计划。Someplanningdetailinmovingfromdeepwatertoshallowtotidaltodrylandas

applies.岸上工作－电缆转换Onshoreworks–cable

transition右图表示一个简单的高压装置Drawingshowssimple

HVvault.岸上工作－分电站Onshoreworks–

substation设计可能是由电网公司决定的/但是可能要做一些选择。DesignmaybedrivenbytheGridOperator/Utility,buttheremaybesomechoicesto

bemade.由开关设备、测量装置、变压器连接组成。Willconsistofswitchgear,metering,possiblytransformers,andassociated

plant.海底电缆和遵守电网导则，很可能需要无功补偿。Reactivecompensationlikelytobenecessaryforthesubseacableandgridcodecompliance.设计标准Standardstuff

!岸上工作－电网要求Onshoreworks-gridrequirements需要写入并网协议ThesearewrittenintotheConnectionOfferand

Agreements.应遵守国内和国际标准，具有良好的实用性，但是也要有明确的要求：Generalrequirementistocomplywithnationalandinternationalstandardsandgoodpractice,butmore

specifically:MW级正常运行的功率因数界面保护，例如G59NormaloperatingpowerfactorInterfaceprotection,e.g.

G59.分布码和电网码－电网的承受力和服务DistributionCodeandGridCode–tolerancesandservicesto

grid不确定的条款也时有存在，例如：运行限制Odditemsalsooccur,e.g.operational

constraints功率品质，例如：P.28,

P.29,

和

G5/4在英国。Powerquality,e.g.P.28,P.29,andG5/4inthe

UK.电压阶跃闪变谐波畸变电压紊乱Voltage

stepsFlickerHarmonic

distortionVoltage

unbalance岸上工作－总结Onshoreworks-summary电缆登陆是重要的Cablelandingisimportant一般转化为陆地类型电缆或者架空线。Normallychangetolandtypecableoroverheadlinesat

shore.改变过程可能是相对简单的Changeovercanberelatively

straightforward.岸上分电站是相对标准化的设计，如果已有海上变压器，那可能仅仅是一个开关分电站Onshoresubstationisrelativelystandardandwithtransformersoffshorewillgenerally

bejustaswitchingsubstation.无功补偿很重要－长的高压电缆产生数十兆乏的无功功率Reactivecompensationimportant–longHVcablesproducetensof

MVAr.电网运营商的要求是很重要的。GridOperatorrequirements

important.注意

–

没有涉及电网整合、电网码、补偿及其相关内容NB-Nottalkedaboutgridintegration,GridCodes,gridreinforcementand

related.介绍Introduction阵列电缆-电气集电系统Array

cables

–

collection

systems海上分电站Offshoresubstations传输到海岸Transmissiontoshore岸上工作Onshoreworks总结Summary结束语FinishedGARRADHASSANANDPARTNERS

LTD海上风电场服务OFFSHOREWINDFARM

SERVICESJobnumber/BT/serialnumber/page

numberGarrad

Hassan

(GH)

–公司简介(summary)风电行业领先的专业咨询公司

Industry-leading

windenergy

consultancy成立于1984年

Foundedin1984现在共有220名雇员，在如下国家设有代表机构：英国，德国，荷兰，西班牙，意大利，法国，丹麦，美国，新西兰，澳大利亚，日本，加拿大，中国，墨西哥和葡萄牙220peoplein:UK,Germany,NL,Spain,Italy,France,Denmark,USA,

NZ,Australia,Japan,Canada,China,Mexico,

Portugal公司业务覆盖5大洲

Workingin5continents独立的咨询公司－－不持有任何风电场或风机制造厂家的股权Independent―noequitystakeinwindfarmorwind

turbineJobnumber/BT/serialnumber/page

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Hassan在全球的分布around

the

WorldMelbourne,

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ZealandHilversum,

NetherlandsOttawa,

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ItalySanDiego,

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worldBeijing,

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UKAarhus,

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OregonPorto,

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TexasZaragoza,

SpainParis,

FranceMexicoJobnumber/BT/serialnumber/page

number为开发商提供的服务Servicesfor

Developers风电场发电量测算

Energy

assessment–

超过60,000MW的风电场分布在60多个国家morethan60,000MWin60

countries电气工程

—

场内网、并网、电网规范相符Electricalengineering–internalgrid,gridconnection,gridcode

compliance土建工程

—

基础设计和评估，场址监测Civilengineering–foundationdesignandevaluation,site

monitoringJobnumber/BT/serialnumber/page

number技术风险评估

DueDiligence银行的工程师

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Engineer业主的工程师

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Engineer已为超过

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已运行的风电场担任技术顾问TechnicalAdvisorformorethan17,000MWofoperationalwind

plantJobnumber/BT/serialnumber/page

numberGH

WindFarmer:

风电场设计和优化软件

Software

for

windfarmdesignand

optimisation充分验证过的软件

Fully

validatedsoftware考虑限制条件下的风电场布置优化

Optimiseswindfarmlayout

takingaccountofconstraints发电量测算

Evaluates

energy

yield载荷计算所需的湍流强度Turbulenceintensityforloads噪音分析

Noise

analysis阴影闪烁地图

Shadowflickermaps电气布置设计

Design

of

electricallayout可视性分析

Visualisationcapabilities财务计算模型

Financial

modellingJobnumber/BT/serialnumber/page

numberGH

SCADA:风电场监视控制以及数据采集系统Windfarmsupervisorycontrolanddata

acquisition满足风机制造厂商、风电场开发商和融资机构的要求Meetsrequirements

ofturbinemanufacturers,windfarmdevelopers,andfinanciers独立的系统Independent通用接口Genericinterface方便的用户自定义功能

EasilycustomisedJobnumber/BT/serialnumber/page

numberGH

Forecaster

风电场风况和发电量预报80001000012000600040002000017Nov 19Nov 21

Nov 23Nov 25Nov 27

Nov 29

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[kW]GH

ForecasterActual特定场址的风况和发电量的短期预报系统

Short

term

site

specific

meteorologicalandpowerforecastsforwind

farms通过了英国气象局数据以及已运行风电场数据的实际验证

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usingUKMet.Officedataandoperatingwind

farms用于电力市场交易、维修安排以及风电场发电计划

Forecastingformarkettrading,maintenancescheduling,plantoutput

scheduling1400012hPower

forecastJobnumber/BT/serialnumber/page

number培训

Training风机技术和设计Windturbinetechnologyand

design陆上和海上风电场的设计Onshoreandoffshorewindfarm

design风电场财务和投资WindfarmfinanceBladed

软件培训Software

trainingWindFarmer

软件培训Software

training面向公众和客户特定的培训Publicand“client-specific”Jobnumber/BT/serialnumber/page

number为制造商提供的服务Servicesfor

Manufacturers风机，风机部件及子系统的设计Turbine,componentandsub-system

design性能和载荷的计算Performanceandload

calculations控制器的开发和实施Controllerdevelopmentand

implementation认证所需的分析和相关文件的编制Analysisanddocumentationforcertification风机样机的测试(T-MON)Prototypetesting

(T-MON)Jobnumber/BT/serialnumber/page

number检查服务Inspection

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examination岸上和海上工作Onshoreandoffshore

working远程访问Ropedaccess

work条件监测Conditionmonitoring满负荷运行评估Fulloperationalasset

evaluationJobnumber/BT/serialnumber/page

numberGH

海上风电团队

OverviewofGH

Team电气工程ElectricalEngineering风能工程Wind

energyengineering海洋土木工程Marine

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Study风险评估Due

diligence运行监督Operations

Monitoring海上风机的载荷Offshorewindturbine

loading目录Contents载荷的来源和载荷工况Sourcesof

loading&load

cases:—

设计标准及外部条件Design

standards&external

conditions建模技术Modellingtechniques:疲劳载荷Fatigueloading载荷工况分组和尾流效应Lumpingofloadcases&wakeeffects极限载荷Extremeloading合适的波浪模型Appropriate

wavemodels风和波浪载荷的综合模型

Integratedmodelling

ofwind&waveloads载荷来源和载荷工况Sourcesofloading&load

cases载荷来源Sourcesof

loading惯性和重力载荷Inertial&gravitational

loads空气动力载荷Aerodynamic

loads运行载荷Operational

loads流体动力载荷Hydrodynamic

loads海冰载荷Seaiceloads船舶冲击载荷Boatimpactloads海上和岸上载荷环境不同？Howdoestheoffshoreloadingenvironmentdifferfrom

onshore?风特性不同Windpropertiesare

different:−

更高的年平均风速Higher

AMWS−

更低的湍流Lower

turbulence−

更低的风剪切Lower

shear−

低层喷流影响？Low-level

jets?额外的载荷来源：Additionalsourcesofloading:Waves&

currents波浪和海流冰载

Ice船舶冲击载荷

Boat

impact海上风机载荷和其他海上建筑有何不同？Howdoesoffshoreturbineloadingdifferfromotheroffshore

structures?更大的风载贡献Greaterloadingcontributionfrom

wind更多的动态响应Moredynamic

response更高的非直线响应Greaternon-linearityofresponse深度浅Shallower

depths疲劳载荷支配设计Designdrivenby

fatigue无人管理，无污染的危害，

可接受较低的安全系数Un-manned,nopollution

hazards

lowersafetyfactors

acceptable?不是一次性的Not‘oneoffs’!设计情况和载荷工况Designsituations&load

cases出于设计目