北京四中 主谓一致特约

■■・・・■■■■■精诚凝聚■■・・・■■■■■精诚凝聚=""=成就梦想■■・・・■■■■■■■■・・・■■■鬻点亮心灯~~~///「v')\\\~~~照亮人生■■・・・■■■鬻■■■・・・■■■鬻点亮心灯~~~///「v')\\\~~~照亮人生■■・・・■■■鬻主谓一致主谓一致是高一下学期的一个语法专项。对于这一语法的掌握大部分靠理解后的记忆。关键要找准主语，再看其句式结构，按照规则办事。另外，对于作主语的名词还要分清是可数名词还是不可数名词。下面我们就这一语法内容进行讲解。谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称、数上保持一致，叫主谓一致。处理主谓一致问题可依据三项原则：语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。一、语法上一致：谓语和主语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式，主语为复数，谓语也为复数形式。A、谓语用单数的情况1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时。例:Theboyiscleverenoughtostudymathswell.Toworkhardisnecessary.Readingaloudisveryimportantinleaningaforeignlanguage.Whethershecomesornotisofnomatter.2、由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each,every,或no修饰时，其谓语要用单数形式。例：Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoeducation.Noteacherandnostudentisgoingtotakepartinsuchaboringgame.3、主语是单数，其后尽管有aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,but,except,besides,with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,including,inadditionto等起连接作用的词语带其他名词，谓语动词仍用单数。例：Theteacheraswellasthestudentslikesthispainting.4、某些不定代词，如either,neither,each,one,theother,another,anybody,anyone,anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing.等，当它们作主语时，通常用单数。5、manya+单名，谓语用单数。例：Manyastudentiscoming.6、thenumberof+复数名词，谓语用单数，中心词是number。二、意义一致：从意义着眼处理主谓一致问题，即主语形式为单数，意义为复数。谓语依意义而定用复数，反之，主语形式为复数，意义为单数，谓语用单数。7、表时间、距离、价格、度量等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看时，谓语动词用单数。例:Fiftyyearsisnotalongtime.Onehundredkilometersisagooddistance.Fourhundreddollarsismorethanshecanafford.Fivepoundsisquiteenough.8、在说一个算式时，表数目的主语通常作单数看，谓语用单数。例：20plus5is25.9、以ics结尾的学科名称，如mathematics,physics,politics,news,works等都属形复意单名词，谓语用单数。例：Mathematicsseemstobedifficulttome.Theglassworkswasrebuiltin1959.10、用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等复数名词作主谓时，谓语用单数。例：“TheArabianNights”isaveryinterestingstorybook.TheUnitedStatesisacapitalistcountry.B、谓语用复数的情况：1．主语为复数，谓语用复数。例:Theyaredoingtheirhomeworknow.2•用and或both…and连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。例：Plasticsandrubberneverrot.HeandIareclassmateswhenwewereatcollege.Bothbreadandbutterweresoldoutinthatshop.Whathesaysandwhathedoesdonotagree.但是：并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念其谓语要用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例：Inthishotel,thebreadandbutter(=thebreadwithbutteronit)isservedforbreakfast.Acartandhorsewasseeninthedistance.Thegirl'steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor.Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.一些只有复数形式的名词如clothes,scissors,trousers,shorts,scales,glasses等，它们作主语时，谓语要用复数。例：Thescalesaremine.Mytrousersarebeingwashed.但：如果成双的东西前有apairof来修饰时，谓语要用单数。例：Thispairofscissorsbelongstothetailor.表总称意义的名词public,police,cattle,people(人们、人民)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。■■・・・■■■■■精诚凝聚=■■・・・■■■■■精诚凝聚==成就梦想■■■・・■■■•■■■・・・■■■■■精诚凝聚=■■・・・■■■■■精诚凝聚==成就梦想■■■・・■■■•■■■■・・・■■■鬻点亮心灯~~~///「v'）\\\~~~照亮人生■■・・・■■■鬻■■■・・・■■■鬻点亮心灯~~~///「v'）\\\~~~照亮人生■■・・・■■■鬻例：Thepolicehavenotmadeanyarrests.Peoplearetalkingaboutthenews.5•以定冠词the+adj（或分词形式的adj.）作主语时，如果指的是一类人，谓语用复数。例：TheEnglishspeakEnglish.Thericharenotalwayshappy.C、单复数依情况而定：1、在主谓倒装句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例：Herecomesanoldlady.2、关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例：Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.Someoftheenergythatisusedbymannowadayscomesfromtheatom.3、①alotof,lotsof,plentyof,aheapof（一堆）,heapsof,alargequantityof等+n构成的短语作主语由分数、分数+n构成的短语作主语therestof/theremainderof/mostof/halfof短语作主语，其谓语动词要根据短语中后面名词的数而定，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例：Therearelotsofpeople.Lotsofdamagewascausedbythefire.Three-fourthsofthepeopleherearedoctorsThree-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.Only30percentofthestudentsare…Only30percentofthewateris…Therestofthebooksare…Therestofthewateris…HalfofthevisitorsarefromEurope.Halfofthefruitisbad.Mostofthemare…Mostofthewoodwasusedtomakefurniture.4、有些集合名词，如family,team,group,crowd,crew,class,audience,government,company,committee等作主语时，如果看作一个整体用单数，如果就其中的一个成员而言，用复数。例：family:Myfamilyisabigfamily.MyfamilyarewatchingTV.population:Thepopulationoftheearthisincreasingveryfast.WhatisthepopulationofChina?Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.

5、疑问代词who,what,which，不定代词all,some,any,none等，谓语动词须视情况分别采取复数或单数形式。例：Whoisyourbrother?Whoareleaguemembers?三、就近一致有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、在正式文体中，用连词or,either…or,neither…nor,whether…or,notonly…butalso等连接并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例：Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.EitherheorIknowthetruth.Hedidn'tsaywhethersomeEnglishnovelsoranEnglishdictionarywaswanted.Notonlyhebutalsoyouarewrong.2、在倒装句中，谓语动词往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。例：Whereisyourmotherandyoungersisters?Thereisanotebook,apenandsomebooksonthedesk.Inthedistancewasheardtheapplauseofthepeople,theshoutsandclappingofhands.但：也可按语法一致原则处理倒装句中主谓一致的问题。例：Thereareanotebook,apenandsomebooksonthedesk.练习检测About60percentofthestudentsfromthesouth,therestofthemfromthenorthandforeigncountries.are/isB.are/areC.is/areD.is/isHalfoftheworkershereunder30.is/yearsB.are/yearoldC.is/yearsoldD.are/yearsofagefootballontheplayground.B.areplayingD.isplayingNowTomwithhisclassmatesfootballontheplayground.B.areplayingD.isplayingplayC.plays4.Thenumberofpagesinthisdictionaryabouttwothousand.areB.hasC.haveD.is5.ThirtydollarsA.are5.ThirtydollarsA.areC.wereisD.be■■・・・■■■■■精诚凝聚=■■・・・■■■■■精诚凝聚==成就梦想■■■・・■■■•■■■・・・■■■■■精诚凝聚■■・・・■■■■■精诚凝聚=""=成就梦想■■・・・■■■■■■■■・・・■■■鬻点亮心灯~~~///「v'）\\\~~~照亮人生■■・・・■■■鬻■■・・・■■■■■・・・■■■鬻点亮心灯~~~///「/)\\\~~~照亮人生■■・・・■■■鬻6.Theaudiencesolargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.A.isB.areC.wasD.hasThesecretaryandprincipalatthemeetingnow.A.arespeakingB.isspeakingweremakingaspeechD.haveaspeech“Ifanybody,pleaseputdownname,”saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook/hisB.wanttobuythebook/theirC.willbuythebook/one'sD.wantstohavethebookbought/herNothingbutonedeskandsixchairsintheroom.A.areB.isstayedC.isD.areleftHavingarrivedatthestation,.A.itwasfoundthatthetrainhadleftthetrainhadleftthetrainwasfoundlefthefoundthatthetrainhadleftBetweenthetworoadsaTVtowercalled“SkyscraperTower”.A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand12.Eitherofyou12.EitherofyouA.willC.iswasareYouaswellright.B.IamD.asIareB.IamD.asIareasIamAllbutDickinClassThreethisterm.A.areB.isC.wereD.was—ShallIwaithereforthreehours?—Yes.Threehourstowaitforsuchadoctor.A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenou