中石油(华东)2023年秋季学期《大学英语4》期末考试试卷及答案

2014年秋季学期期末考试考试科目：大学英语4考试形式：闭卷 留意事项：11-45V、VI2、学号填涂必需正确，十一位数字缺一不行，且所涂数字必需与填写的学号中的数字一样。3、填涂样例 ，假设为“●“◎“／”等不合规定的涂法，读卡机将无法识别。4、答题卡上所涂内容一律使用2B铅笔，不得使用其它型号的铅笔、钢笔等非2B铅笔。5、答题时，请按答题序号将你认为正确的选项涂黑；假设需改动，肯定要用橡皮擦干净。6、答题卡不能折叠。PartIReadingComprehension(30minutes,30points)Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Japanesearebecomingunhappieratwork,thegovernmentsaidinareportyesterday,highlightingcomplaintsoverpay,lackofvacationsandadeclineinmorale.Longknownforbeingworkaholicswillingtosacrificetheirpersonallivesforthecompany,Japaneseworkers,especiallyyoungerones,arenowplacingmorepriorityontimewiththeirfamiliesandfinancialrewards.Thepercentageofworkerssatisfiedwiththepaceoftheirpayincreasesfellto6.2percentin2005from15.7percentin1990,thegovernment”slaborwhitepapersaid.“Workersseemtowantmorepersonaltimeandincreasinglywanttofulfilltheiremotionalneedsratherthanmaterialisticneeds,“ahealthministryofficialsaid.ThefindingsareareminderofthechallengescompaniesfacenowinhiringnewtalentsasJapan”spopulationagesanditsworkforceshrinks,someeconomistssaid.“Itusedtobethatcompaniescouldlurenewtalentwithhighsalaries,“saidSaoriTsuiki,aneconomistatMitsubishiResearchInstitute.“Butworkersnowwantsomethingmore,andthishasbeenabigheadacheforcorporatestrategies,“shesaid.“Youngworkershaveinrecentyearsfavoredcarefreelifestyles,hoppingfromonepart-timejobtoanother,orquittingfull-timejobsafterjustafewyears,“Tsuikisaid.AnalystshavesaidthetrendwilldoharmtoJapan”slabormarketinthelongtermbecauseitwouldleadtoashortageofskilledworkers.Olderworkerswereswitchingjobsbecausetheyfailedtogetalongwithcolleaguesorwereunhappywithhowtheywerebeingevaluatedatcompaniesusingperformance-basedmanagement,thewhitepapersaid.UnderJapan”straditionallifetimeemploymentsystem,employeeswereguaranteedpromotionsandpayincreasesastheygrewolder,regardlessofperformance.“Foraneffectiveperformance-basedsystem,effortsareneededtoimprovetheimplementationofthewagesystem,suchasmakingclearthebasisforevaluationandprovidingdetailedexplanationsfortheassessments,“thewhitepapersaid.WhydoJapaneseworkersbecomeunhappyatwork?ATheyareunderpaid. B.Theyhavetodomuchmoreworkthantheyusedto.C.Mostofthemareunemployed. D.Theyarenotsatisfiedwiththeiremployers.WhatarethenewchallengesthatJapanesecompaniesfacewhenhiringtalents?BHighsalaries. B.Agingpopulation.C.Alargeworkforce. D.Poor-educatedemployees.Whatisthetrendthattheyoungworkersfollowinrecentyears?Theysticktothesamejoballtheirlife. B.Theychangejobsfrequently.C.Theyonlytakepart-timejobs. D.Theytakebothpart-timejobandfull-timejob.Theolderworkerschangetheirjobsbecause .theyaretiredoftheircurrentprofession B.theyarenotpromotedC.theyareunderpaid D.theycan’tgetalongwiththeircolleaguesUndertheperformance-basedmanagement,whichoftheflowingstatementsisnottrue?Theimplementationofthewagesystemshouldbeimproved.Thebasisforevaluationshouldbemadeclear.Employeesareguaranteedpromotionsandpayincreasesregardlessofperformance.Detailedexplanationsfortheassessmentsshouldbeprovided.Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Doyoufinditverydifficultandpainfultogetupinthemorning?Thismightbecalledlaziness,butMr.Kleitmanhasanewexplanation.Hehasprovedthateveryonehasadailyenergycycle.Duringthehourswhenyourlaborthroughyourworkyoumaysaythatyou’re“hot”.That’strue.Thetimeofdaywhenyoufeelmostenergeticiswhenyourcycleofbodytemperatureisatitspeak.Forsomepeoplethepeakcomesduringtheforenoon.Forothersitcomesintheafternoonorevening.Noonehasdiscoveredwhythisisso,butitleadstosuchfamiliarmonologuesas:“Getup,Peter!You’llbelateforworkagain!”ThepossibleexplanationtothetroubleisthatPeterisathistemperature-and-energypeakintheevening.Muchfamilyquarrellingendswhenhusbandsandwivesrealizewhattheseenergycyclesmean,andwhichcycleeachmemberofthefamilyhas.Youcan’tchangeyourenergycycle,butyoucanlearntomakeyourlifefitifbetterhabitcanhelp.Dr.Kleitmanbelieves.Maybeyou’resleepyintheeveningbutfeelyoumuststayuplateanyway.Counteractyourcycletosomeextentbyhabituallystayinguplaterthanyouwantto.Ifyourenergyislowinthemorning,butyouhaveanimportantthingtodoearlyintheday,risebeforeyourusualhour.Thiswon’tchangeyourcycle,butyou’llgetupsteamandworkbetteratyourlowpoint.Getofftoaslowstartwhichsavesyourenergy.Getupwithaleisurelyyawnandstretch.Sitontheedgeofthebedaminutebeforeputtingyourfeetonthefloor.Avoidthetroublesomesearchforcleanclothesbylayingthemoutthenightbefore.Wheneverpossible,doroutineworkintheafternoonandsaverequiringmoreenergyorconcentrationforyoursharperhours.Ifapersonfindsgettingupearlyaproblem,mostprobably .heisalazypersonherefusestofollowhisownenergycycleheisnotsurewhenhisenergyislowheisathispeakintheafternoonoreveningWhichofthefollowingmayleadtofamilyquarrelsaccordingtothepassage?Unawarenessofenergycycles.Familiarmonologues.Achangeinafamilymember’senergycycle.Attemptstocontroltheenergycycleofotherfamilymembers.Ifonewantstoworkefficientlyathislowpointintheevening,heshould .changehisenergycycle B.overcomehislazinessC.getupearlierthanusual D.gotobedearlierYouareadvisedtorisewithayawnandstretchbecauseitwill .helptokeepyourenergyfortheday’sworkhelpyoutocontrolyourtemperearlyinthedayenableyoutoconcentrateonyourroutineworkkeepyourenergycycleundercontrolalldayWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?Gettingofftoworkwithaminimumefforthelpssaveone’senergy.Dr.Kleitmanexplainswhypeoplereachtheirpeaksatdifferenthoursofday.Habithelpsapersonadapttohisownenergycycle.Childrenhaveenergycycles,too.Passage3Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator“.InmyfridgelessFiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplus〔剩余的〕breadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearson,fooddeliverieshaveceased;freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted—naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing—marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.Consequently,mostoftheworld”sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumaway〔不断地嗡嗡作响〕continuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintainanartificially-cooledspaceinsideandartificially-heatedhousewhileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.Thefridge”seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon”tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabint 橱柜〕andturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum.myfridgelessFiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”(Para.2)suggestthat .theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfiftiestheauthorwasnotaccustomedtousingfridgeseveninhisfiftiestherewasnofridgeintheauthor”shomeinthe1950sthefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950sWhydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimesaweek.Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily.Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?Inventors. B.Consumers. C.Manufacturers. Travelingsalesmen〔巡回推销员〕.WhichofthefollowingphrasesinPara.5indicatesthefridge”snegativeeffectontheenvironment?“Humawaycontinuously“. B.“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary“.C.“Artificially-cooledspace“. D.“Withmildtemperatures“.Whatistheauthor”soverallattitudetowardfridges?Neutral. B.Critical. C.Objective. Compromising.PartIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes,20points)Thereasonwe”resolateis .forthecarbreaksdown B.duetothecarbreakingdownC.thatthecarbrokedown D.becausethecarbrokedownTheteacher’slectureonAmericanhistorywasthreehourslong,andMaryfeltvery .upset B.bored C.disturbed neglectedWordhascome someguestsfromCanadawillvisitourschool.what B.that C.whetherD.whenHermindwasso bythediseasethatshecouldnotrememberwhatshehaddone.acted B.influenced C.effected D.affectedMaryistheonlyoneoftheteammembers tobetransferred.whoisgoing B.whoaregoingC.whohavebeengoing D.whohasbeengoingLiteratureandarthaveagreatinfluence people’sideology.to B.on C.for D.ontoEveryboyandgirl nottoswiminthelake,foritispolluted.hasbeenwarned B.havebeenwarnedC.haswarned D.havewarnedThereissuchalotofnoiseontheworksiteeverydaythattheresidentsnearbyfindithardto .putout B.putoff C.putupwithD.putup theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSaturday.Inspiteof B.Butfor C.Becauseof D.AsforYoushouldcarefullythinkover themanagersaidatthemeeting.that B.which C.whatD.whosePeopleallovertheworldmade donationsforthedisasterareaaftertheearthquakehappenedinWenchuan,SichuanProvince.modest B.minimum C.generous genuineLastweekIwrotetothehoteltobookaroom,butthey yet.didn”tanswer B.wasn”tansweringC.hadn”tanswered D.haven”tansweredIt”salready5o”clocknow.Don”tyouthinkit”sabouttime ?wearegoinghome B.wegohomeC.wewenthome D.wecangohomeEverydaywestudentsshould enoughtimeforstudy.setup B.setoff C.setinD.setasideThedoctortriedtodoanexperimenttofindoutthe ofthemedicineonthemice.cause B.result C.reasonD.effect ,heslippedthroughthewindow.Withanyonenoticing B.WithanyonenoticedC.Withoutanyonenoticing D.WithoutnobodynoticedEveryoneisbusy theexaminationintheclassroom.with B.for C.onD.underThesecretaryandtreasurerofourcompany themeeting.weretoattend B.aretoattend C.isattendD.istoattendIsupposeyoucouldn’tletmeborrowyourcarthisevening, ?couldn’tI B.don’tI C.couldyouD.willyouThemorehetriedtohelpher, sheseemedtoappreciateit.less B.theless C.theleastD.thelesserPartIIICloze(10minutes,10points)Haveyoueverheardtheoldsaying,“Neverjudgeabookbyitscover”?Thisisagoodruleto36whentryingjudgetheintelligenceofothers.Somepeoplehavemindsthatshineonlyincertainsituations.Ayoungmanwithanunusual37increativewritingmayfindhimselfspeechlessinthepresenceofaprettygirl.Hesearchesawkwardlyforwordsanddoesnottalksmoothly.Butdon’tmakethemistakeofthinkinghimstupid.38 apenandpaper,hecanexpresshimselfverywell.Otherpeoplemayfoolyouintooverestimatingtheirintelligenceby39agoodappearance.Astudentwholistensattentivelyandtakesnotesinclassboundtomakeafavorableimpressiononhisteachers.Butwhenit40toexams,hemayscorenearthebottomoftheclass.The41ideaisthatyoucan’tjudgesomeonebyappearance.Theonlywaytodetermineaperson’sintelligenceistogettoknowhim.Thenyoucanobserve42hereactstodifferentsituations.The43situationsyouobserve,themoreaccurateyourjudgmentis44tobe.So45 .Don’tjudgethebookbyitscover.A.follow B.obey C.watchD.observeA.present B.hand C.penD.giftA.From B.With C.InD.ByA.puttingupwith B.puttingonputtingoffA.turnsto B.comestoleadstoA.mere B.majorD.topicA.how B.whatD.whateverA.most B.moreD.manyA.likely B.properlynecessarilyA.countonyourtimeC.fallbehindyourtime

C.puttingup D.C.getsto D.C.mainC.howeverC.muchC.fortunately D.B.aheadofyourtimeD.takeyourtimePartIVTranslation(10minutes,20points)我真不知道到底是什么事让他如此生气。我们制订的打算由于多种缘由不能付诸实施。尽管这位教授具体地讲解了这一点，但很多学生仍旧不理解。我们认为他是这次演讲竞赛中最精彩的参赛者之一。应当实行适当的措施保护当地的环境和历史。PartVWriting(20minutes,20points)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsfollowingtheoutline