水轮发电机术语

2一般术语水力机械hydraulicmachinery水轮机hydraulicturbine蓄能泵storagepump水泵水轮机reversibleturbine,pump-turbine旋转方向directionofrotation机组unit立式、卧式和倾斜式机组vertical,horizontalandinclinedunit可调式水力机械regulatedhydraulicmachinery不可调式水力机械non-regulatedhydraulicmachinery主阀mainvalve3.1水轮机反击式水轮机reactionturbine混流式水轮机Francisturbine，mixed-flowturbine3.1.3轴流式水轮机axialturbine轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplanturbine，axial-flowadjustablebladpropellerturbine3.1.5轴流调桨式水轮机Thomaturbine3.1.6轴流定桨式水轮机Propellerturbine3.1.7贯流式水轮机tubularturbine，throughflowturbine3.1.8 灯泡式水轮机bulbturbine3.1.9竖井贯流式水轮机pitturbine全贯流式水轮机straightflowturbine,rim-generatorunit轴伸贯流式水轮机（S形水轮机）tubularturbine（S—typeturbine）斜流式水轮机diagonalturbine3.1.13斜流转桨式水轮机Deriazturbine斜流定桨式水轮机fixedbladeofDeriazturbine冲击式水轮机impulsturbine,actionturbine水斗式水轮机Peltonturbine,scoopturbine斜击式水轮机inclinedjetturbine双击式水轮机cross-flowturbine3.2蓄能泵混流式（离心式）蓄能泵centrifugalstoragepump,mixed-flowstoragepump轴流式蓄能泵propellerstoragepump,axialstoragepump斜流式蓄能泵diagonalstoragepump多级式蓄能泵multi-stagestoragepump3.3水泵水轮机（又称可逆式水轮机）单级水泵水轮机singalstagepump-turbine多级水泵水轮机multi-stagepump-turbine3.4主阀与阀门蝴蝶阀butterflyvalve平板蝶阀biplanebutterflyvalve,throughflowbutterflyvalve圆筒阀cylindricalvalve,ringgate球阀rotaryvalve,sphericalvalve盘形阀mushroomvalve,hollow-conevalve,howell-Bungervalve针形阀needlevalve旁通阀by-passvalve3.4.8直空破坏阀vacuumbreakvalve4结构部件4.1混流式水轮机埋入部件embeddedcomponent引水室 （turbine）flume蜗壳spiralcase座环stayring固定导叶stayvane蜗壳鼻端spiralcasenose基础环foundationring,dischargering尾水管drafttube锥形尾水管conicaldrafttube肘形尾水管elbowdrafttube尾水管锥管drafttubecone尾水管肘管drafttubeelbow尾水管扩散段drafttubeoutletpart尾水管支墩drafttubepier尾水管里衬drafttubeliner机坑里衬pitliner导水机构distributor顶盖headcover,topcover底环bottomring,bottomcover导叶guidevane，wicketgate控制环regulatingring，operatingring导叶臂guidevanelever，wicketgatelever分半键splitkey导叶连杆guidevanelink，wicketgatelink导叶过载保护装置guidevaneoverloadprotectiondevice剪断销shearpin摩擦装置frictiondevice导叶轴承guidevanebearing导叶止推轴承guidevanethrustbearing导叶轴密封guidevanestemseal导叶端面密封guidevaneendseal导叶立面密封guidevaneseal抗磨板facingplates,wearplates导叶限位块guidevanestopblock导叶接力器guidevaneservomotor单导叶接力器individualguidevaneservomotor推拉杆pushandpullrod，connectingrod调速轴regulatingshaft均压管balancepipe转动部件rotatingcomponent转轮runner叶片blade上冠crown下环band泄水锥runnercone4.1.46转轮密封装置runnerseal4.1.47转轮止漏环runnerwearingring固定止漏环stationarywearingring转轮减压板decompressionplate主轴mainshaft导轴承guidebearing轴领guidebearingcollar轴瓦guidebearingshoe轴承体guidebearinghousing主轴密封装置mainshaftseal检修密封standstillseal联轴螺栓couplingbolt4.2轴流式水轮机和斜流式水轮机。4.2.1转轮室runnerchamber4.2.2内顶盖（支持盖）innerheadcover，innertopcover4.2.3转轮体runnerhub转叶机构mechanismofrunnerblade4.2.5叶片枢轴runnerbladetrunnion转臂（导叶臂）rockerarm操作架crosshead4.2.9转轮叶片接力器runnerbladeservomotor协联装置combinationdevice受油器oilhead4.5蓄能泵吸水管suctiontube叶轮impeller轮叶impellerblade，impellervane叶轮后盖impellerbackshroud叶轮前盖impellerfrontshroud蜗室spiralhousing扩散管diffuser5性能参数5.1比能比能specificenergy单位质量流体所具有的机械能，是位置比能、压力比能和速度比能的总和。位置比能potentialenergy压力比能pressureenergy速度比能velocityenergy位置水头potentialhead压力水头pressurehead速度水头velocityhead5.2.4总水头head毛水头grosshead净水头nethead额定水头ratedhead设计水头designhead最大（最小）水头maximum（minimum）head加权平均水头weightedaveragehead蓄能泵扬程storagepumphead蓄能泵零流量扬程no-dischargeheadofstoragepump蓄能泵最大（最小）扬程maximum（minimum）headofstoragepump5.3流量水轮机流量turbinedischarge，turbineflowrate蓄能泵流量storagepumpdischarge，storagepumpflowrate额定流量rateddischarge水轮机空载流量no-loaddischargeofturbine蓄能泵最大（最小）流量maximum（minmum）storagepumpdischarge5.4转速额定转速ratedspeed水轮机飞逸转速runawayspeedofsurbine5.4.3蓄能泵［水泵水轮机的泵工况］反向飞逸转速reverserunawayspeedofstoragepump5.5压力5.5.1表计压力（简称为压力）gaugepressure环境压力（或大气压）atmpsphericpressure绝对压力absolutepressure汽化压力vapourpressure5.6功率水轮机输入功率turbineinputpower水轮机输出功率turbineoutputpower水轮机额定输出功率ratedoutputpowerofturbine蓄能泵的输出功率storagepumpoutputpower蓄能泵的输入功率storagepumpinputpower蓄能泵最大输入功率ratedinputpowerofstoragepump蓄能泵零流量功率no-dischargeinputpowerofstoragepump5.6.8蓄能泵最小输入功率minimuminputpowerofstoragepump转轮输出功率outputpowerofrunner叶轮输入功率inputpowerofimpeller转轮输入功率inputpowerofrunner叶轮输出功率outputpowerofimpeller5.7效率效率efficiency水轮机机械效率mechanicalefficiencyofturbine蓄能泵机械效率mechanicalefficiencyofstoragepump水轮机水力效率hydraulicefficiencyofturbine蓄能泵水力效率hydraulicefficiencyofstoragepump相对效率relativeefficiency加权(算术)平均效率weighted(arithmetic)averageefficiency积分平均效率planimetricaverageefficiency5.8空化和空蚀空化cavitation空蚀cavitationerosion水轮机空化系数cavitationfactorofturbine，cavitationcoefficientofturbine蓄能泵空化系数cavitationfactorofstoragepump，cavitationcoefficientofstoragepump临界空化系数criticalcavitationfactor初生空化系数incipientcavitationfactor,cavitationinceptionfactor,initialcavitationfactor电站空化系数plantcavitationfactor吸出高度staticsuctionofturbine吸入高度staticsuctionofstoragepump蓄能泵吸入扬程损失suctionheadlossofstoragepump蓄能泵空化余量（NPSH）（蓄能泵净吸上扬程）netpositivesuctionheadofstoragepump安装高程settingelevation空化裕量cavitationmargin5.9暂态过程过渡过程transient调节保证regulatingguarantee水锤waterhammer初始压力initialpressure5.9.5水轮机最大瞬态压力maximummomentarypressureofturbine瞬态压力变化率momentarypressurevariationratio初始转速initialspeed水轮机最大瞬态转速maximummomentaryoverspeedofturbine5.9.9蓄能泵[水泵水轮机的泵工况]的最大瞬态反向转速momentarycounterrotationspeedofstoragepump[pump-conditionofpump-turbine]5.9.10瞬态转速变化率momentaryspeedvariationratio6渗道参数转轮(叶轮)公称直径runner(impeller)diameter叶片开口bladeopening叶片正(背)面pressure(suction)sideofblade叶片进(出)水边leading(trailing)edge叶片转角bladerotatingangle叶片倾角bladetiltangle6.7叶片安放角bladeangle6.8蜗壳包角noseangle6.9导叶高度guidevaneheight肘形尾水管深度depthofelbowdrafttube节圆直径pitchdiameter射流直径jetdiameter6.16射流直径比jetratio6.17射流入射角jetinclinedangle6.18射流椭圆ellipsedofinclinedjet(whenreachingthewheelvane)7.1试验类型原型（机）prototype模型（机）model验收试验acceptancetest装配试验assemblytest模型试验modeltest性能试验performancetest特性试验characteristictest飞逸试验runawayspeedtest力特性试验forcecharacteristictest负载试验loadtest甩负荷试验loadrejectiontest耐压试验pressuretest效率试验efficiencytest空化试验cavitationtest压力脉动试验pressurefluctuationtest7.1.16补气试验airadmissiontest7.1.17水轮机功率试验turbineoutputtest7.2运行工况（运行）工况operatingcondition最优工况optimumoperatingcondition飞逸工况runawayspeedoper