语法复习十五形容词和副词

语法复习十五：形容词和副词比较级和最高级及其使用形容词的比较级和最高级说明例词一般情况加er,estsmaller,smallest以e结尾加r,stlarger,largest单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾er,est以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词改y为i，再加er,estbusier,busiest重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母，加er,estfatter,fattesthotter以ow,er结尾的双音节词加er,estnarrower,narrowestcleverer,clevest多数双音节和多音节的词加moremostmorebeautiful,mostimportant副词的比较级和最高级

1．大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more和most来构成比较级和最高级。

2．少数单音节副词，加er,est构成其比较级和最高级。

几个特殊的形容词和副词原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,ill,badlyworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther,furtherfarthest,furthestoldolder,elderoldest,eldest比较级和最高级的常用句型名称句型例句相等as原形as(as原形+名词as)Thetraintravelsasfastasthe3:55train.Hehasnotasmuchmoneyashisfriend.不及notas(so)原形as(notas[so]+名词+原形as)Sheisnotas(so)beautifulashersister.比较级+thanHealthismoreimportantthanwealth.超越the+比较级+ofthetwo两者中较…的一个Heisthetallerofthetwo.用于否定no+比较级+than和…一样不HeisnoricherthanI.他和我一样不富有。用于否定最…不过Hisworkcouldn'tbeworse.他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增erander，moreandmore+多音节词原级(越来越…)higherandhighermoreandmoreimportant两种情况同时变化the+比较级，the+比较级（越…，越…）Thequickeryougetready,thesoonerwe'llbeabletoleave.三者或三者以上比较the+最高级+of/in+比较范围（…之中最…）Ofallthingsintheworld,peoplearethemostprecious.比较级结构的修饰语

1．用于原级之前：

almost,nearly,just,exactly,quite,half,twice,threetimes,athird,etc.very（hard）、much（harder）

Johnisalmostastallasyou.

Theriveristhreetimesaslongasthatone.

Wehaveathirdasmanystudentsaswehadlastterm.

2．用于比较级前

1)many,afew(用于"more+可数名词"前)

Ittakesmanymorehourstogotherebytrainthanbyplane.

2)alot,much,abit,even,alittle,still,agreatdeal,far,rather,twoyears,tenpercent,threetimes,any,someetc.

It'scoldthisyear,butit'sevencolderlastyear.

Weproduced6%moregrainthisyearthanwedidlastyear.Heisthreetimesthesize/age/heightofme.

3．用于形容词和副词最高级前

thevery,just/muchthe,byfarthe,thefirst/second

Thishatisbyfarthelargestintheworld.

Goldistheverymostvaluableofallmaterials.位置与功能高考重点要求

1．掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法

2．掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。

3．注意多个形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。

4．分清常用同义与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。

此项语法内容从1991年到达2022年间共出现45次（包括上海题），可见其重要。

形容词作用与位置

1．定语。

在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。

"县官行令杀国才。"这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：

限（冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等）观（描绘）形（大小、形状等）龄（年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）

aninterestingEnglishfilm,aheavyblackChinesesilkumbrella

做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no,any,some，every和one,thing等构成的复合词或形容词短语。

2．表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。

常见系动词有：be

变化系词：become,get,turn,grow,go

保持系词：keep,remain,stay,lie,stand

感观系词：look,smell,taste,feel,sound,appear,seem,proveetc.

3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。

Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.

4.表语adj。

N：①某些以a开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。

afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake，alive

②某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语

well,ill,faint

5.某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。

friendly,manlysisterly,motherly,lively,lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,orderlymonthly,yearlydaily等。

6.复合形容词的形式问题。

an800-meter-wideriver,anEnglish-speakingcountry,amiddle-agedman

副词

位置

1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。

TheywentboatinginZhongshanParkyesterday.

2)表频率的时间副词是高考的热点

always,seldom,often,never,rarely,usually等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之后。

Heisalwaystellinglies,soIwillneverbelievehim.

3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但enough除外）

Heisveryyoung,soheisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.

N:有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。

closely-closenearly-nearfreely-freedeeply-deephighly-highwidely-wide等。

以ly结尾的词表较为抽象的含义，而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。

Heishighlypraisedforwhathehasdone.(高度地)

Hecanseeabirdflyinghighinthe练习、形容词和副词高考题选：1.Johnhasthreesisters.Maryisthe___ofthethree.(MET88)

A.mostcleverestB.morecleverC.cleverestD.cleverer

2.Thestudentsare___youngpeoplebetweentheageofsixteenandtwenty.(MET88)

A.mostB.almostC.mostlyD.atmost

3.Shetoldus___storythatweallforgotaboutthetime.(MET88)

A.suchaninterestingB.suchinterestinga

C.soaninterestingD.asointeresting

4.Itisimpossibleforso___workerstodoso____workinasingleday.(MET88)

A.few,muchB.few,manyC.little,muchD.little,many

5.Thehorseisgettingoldandcan'trun___itdid.(MET88)

A.asfasterasB.sofastthanC.sofastasD.asfastas

6.Thestorysounds___.(MET89)

A.tobetrueB.astrueC.beingtrueD.true

7.I'dbeenexpecting___lettersthewholemorning,butthereweren't___forme.(MET89)

A.some;anyB.many;afewC.some;oneD.afew;none

8.Thisyeartheyhaveproduced___grain___theydidlastyear.(MET89)

A.asless;asB.asfew;asC.less;thanD.fewer;than

9.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced___tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.(MET90)

A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwice

C.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas

10.Thepianosintheothershopwillbe____,but______.(MET90)

A.cheaper;notasbetterB.morecheaper;notasbetter

C.cheaper;notasgoodD.morecheap;notasgood

11.---CanIhelpyou?

---Well,I'mafraidtheboxis___heavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.(MET90)

A.soB.muchC.veryD.too

me,isthisMr.Brown'soffice?

---I'msorry,butMr.Brown___workshere.Heleftaboutthreeweeksago.(MET90)

A.notnowB.nomoreC.notstillD.nolonger

13.Ifwehadfollowedhisplan,wecouldhavedonethejobbetterwith___moneyand___people.(MET90)

A.less;lessB.fewer;fewerC.less;fewerD.fewer;less

14.Oh,John.___yougaveme!(MET90)

A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.Howpleasantsurprise

C.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise

15.---Howdidyoufindyourvisittomuseum?

---Ithoroughlyenjoyedit.Itwas___thanIexpected.(MET91)

A.farmoreinterestingB.evenmuchinteresting

C.somoreinterestingD.alotmuchinteresting

16.Canadaislargerthan___countryinAsia.(NMET91)

A.anyB.anyotherC.otherD.another

17.Thoseorangestaste___.(MET91)

A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell

18.Theexperimentwas___easierthanwehadexpected.(NMET91)

A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch

19.___foodyou'vecooked!(NMET91)

A.HowaniceB.Whatanice

C.HowniceD.Whatnice

20.Goandgetyourcoat.It's___youleftit.(MET92)

A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere

21.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyes___.(MET92)

A.openB.tobeopenedC.toopenD.opening

22.---Areyoufeeling___?

---Yes,I'mfinenow.(NMET92)

A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter

23.Whichis___country,CanadaorAustralia?(MET92)

A.alargeB.largerC.alargerD.thelarger

24.---WillyougivethismessagetoMr.White,please?

---Sorry,Ican't.He___.(MET92)

A.doesn'tanymoreworkhereB.doesn'tanylongerherework

C.doesn'tworkanymorehereD.doesn'tworkhereanylonger

25.How_____canyoufinishthedrawing?(MET92)

A.oftenB.soonC.longD.rapid26.___terribleweatherwe'vebeenhavingthesedays!(MET92)

A.HowaB.WhataC.HowD.What

27.Ittakesalongtimetogotherebytrain.It's___byroad.(MET93)

A.quickB.thequickestC.muchquickD.quicker

28.___fromBeijingtoLondon!(MET93)

A.HowlongwayitisB.Whatalongwayisit

C.HowlongwayisitD.Whatalongwayitis

29.Shedoesn'tspeak___herfriends,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.(MET93)

A.aswellasB.asoftenasC.somuchasD.asgoodas

30.---Mum,IthinkI'm___togetbacktoschool.

---Notreally,Mydear.You'dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.(NMET93)

A.sowellB.sogoodC.wellenoughD.goodenough

31.---Ifyoudon'tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.

---OK,butdoyouhavesize___inblue?Thisone'sabittightforme.(NMET93)

A.abigB.abigger(onethanthis)C.thebigD.thebigger

32.Johnplaysfootball___,ifnotbetterthan,David.(NMET94)

A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas

33.Weallwrite___,evenwhenthere'snotmuchtosay.(NMET94)

A.nowandthenB.byandby

C.stepbystepD.moreorless

34.---Doyouremember___hecame?

---YesIdo,hecamebycar.(NMET94)

A.howB.whenC.thatD.if

35.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave___atschool.(NMET94)

A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertime(thannow)

C.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime

36.---Haveyoufinishedyourreportyet?

---No,I'llfinishin___tenminutes.(NMET95)

A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.less

37.---I'dlike___informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.

---Well,youcouldhave___wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.(NMET95)

A.some;aB.an;someC.some;someD.an;a

38.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,___greatitis.(NMET95)

A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever

39.Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining____.(NMET96)

A.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavily/hard

40.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard___.(NMET96)

A.thebettervoiceB.agoodvoice

C.thebestvoiceD.abettervoice(thanhers)

41.Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.(NMET93)

A.littletwootherB.twolittleother

C.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo

42.---HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?(NMET95)

---Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe___daysattheseaside.

A.fewlastsunnyB.lastfewsunny

C.lastsunnyfewD.fewsunnylast

43.Canyoubelievethatin___arichcountrythereshouldbe_manypoorpeople?(MET95)

A.such;suchB.such;soC.so;soD.so;such

44.Waittillyouaremore___.It'sbettertobesurethansorry.(NMET97)

A.inspiredB.satisfiedC.calmD.certain

45.Professo