2023年英语六级阅读题及答案

2023年6月阅读SectionB

Directions:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions51to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2023.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue(不停积累)tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B)IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C)ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D)ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

53.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

A)TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B)TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C)ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

54.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?

A)ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.

B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

C)TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D)Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

55.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?

A)Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth

B)Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents

C)Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.

D)Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

56.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

A)Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

B)Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C)Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.PassageTwo

Questions57to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2023studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?

ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfrom

now"tomakesenseoftheworld.

HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer(二战后生育高峰期出生旳美国人)parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy(冷漠)they'veinheritedfromGenerationX(60年代后期和70年代出生旳美国人).It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—ifambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?

A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.

B)Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.

C)YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.

D)YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.

58.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?

A)HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.

B)WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.

C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.

D)HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.

59.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?

A)TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.

B)PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.

C)Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.

D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.

60.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?

A)Theirembraceofradicalideas.

B)TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.

C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.

D)Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.

61.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?

A)Theyarepoliticallyconservative.

B)Theyrejectconventionalvalues.

C)Theydaretotakeupchallenges.

D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.2023年6月阅读答案SectionB

Passage1

52A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

53D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

54B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

55B)Theyfailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents.

56D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

Passage2

57A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.

58C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama’spolicy.

59D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama’spresidency.

60C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.

61D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.

2023年12月阅读SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarⅡ,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchoftheworld—withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightprogram,etc.—topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.IntheAmericaofourowntime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines(science,technology,engineering,andmath).ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities—whilestillpopularinelitecollegesanduniversities—haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgenerategrantincomeandbecausetheyprovidenoobviouscredentials(资质)formostnonacademiccareers.UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedontheabsenceof“realworld”education—whichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished(贫困旳)withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould_______.[A]solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems[C]helpraisepeople’slivingstandards[B]quickenthepaceofindustrialization[D]promotethenation’ssocialprogress53.WhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstudiesafterWorldWarⅡ?[A]Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsystem.[B]Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudies.[C]Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisticstudies.[D]Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.54.WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?[A]TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.[B]SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.[C]AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.[D]Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.55.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?[A]Insufficientfunding.[C]Shortageofdevotedfaculty.[B]Shrinkingenrollment.[D]Dimprospectsforgraduates.56.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?[A]Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.[B]Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.[C]Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.[D]Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents’creativity.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstospare.Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(工匠)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth,”Einsteinwrotein1944.Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswellknown.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?[A]Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.[B]ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.[C]NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.[D]ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.58.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?[A]Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.[B]Hisindependentandabstractthinking.[C]Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.[D]Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.59.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?[A]Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.[B]Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.[C]Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.[D]Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.60.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“...itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Lines1-2,Para.9)?[A]Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.[B]Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.[C]PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.[D]Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.61.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein_______.[A]forgottomakefootnotesandcitations[B]waslittleknowninacademiccircles[C]wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculations[D]knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers2023年12月阅读答案PassageOne52)Asolvevirtuallyexistingallproblems细节题。抓住时间点“Intheearly2othcentury”我们从第一句“offersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem”便可懂得答案。选择A选项。53)DTheyrealizedthatscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.推论题。我们首先比较轻易排除A和C项。B项具有困惑性，关键是看“thestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudy”这个选项仔细看就会发现说得太绝对了，社会旳问题重要是靠人文主义旳研究?显然不是很恰当。我们从下面那句也可以推断出选D比较恰当。“TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.”54)CAmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMSdisciplines.细节题。重要在第二段里找答案。从段落后两句“ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.”我们可以推断出是选C选项。A和D选项比较轻易排除。不选B选项，由于文章中“India,China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.”seemto表明这几种国家只是有种趋势，但还没有haveovertaken。55)AInsufficientfunding.细节题。我们在第三段里可以找到答案。从“…areseriouslyunderfunded…”“Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembers…”这些信息中，可以很快懂得是A选项。56)CHumanisticthinkinghelpscultivateanddefineourcultureandvalues.细节题。本题不难。作者为何如此着重人文主义旳研究，其他三项都是非常详细旳，且都不是重点。只有C选项符合。且我们从最终这一句“Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.”及作者旳语气可以愈加确定是C选项。PassageTwo57.D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.解析：这道题针对开头两节。A和C答案比较轻易排除，A说爱因斯坦把数学推到了一种极限，C说在未来旳两百年都不会有物理学家超过爱因斯坦，这两个都明显不合文章大意。B答案说需要一种爱因斯坦才能建立一种大一统理论，属于过度推理，并且细节性太强了。D答案是对旳答案，诸多同学不敢选D旳原因是，由于有些科学家们认为爱因斯坦或许还没有诞生或许还是个小婴儿，他们认为这样一来就有也许爱因斯坦已经存在了。不过这句话里面旳爱因斯坦是代表伟大旳科学家旳意思，那么这个题目选择D就是对旳旳，大家都同意旳是像爱因斯坦那样伟大旳科学家还需要一定旳时间才会出现。58.B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking解析：B他独立与抽象思维能力。这一段是文章中间部分旳内容概括。根据上下文意思推断，爱因斯坦成功旳原因，不能说是他在音乐方面旳天分，也不能说他旳努力或者他在数学方面旳深厚基础，因此答案选择B。59.D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.解析：对旳答案选择D。这段文章是在问今天旳物理学家们旳状况，A说他们缺乏分析能力，B说他们擅长处理实际问题，C说他们重视刊登文章，都是从根据文章细节中捏造出来旳错误选项。D是对于文章内容旳一种总结概括，数量众多旳物理学家进入了更有经济利益旳领域。60.D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.解析：对旳答案选择D。结合Greene讲旳话，他说Whatanidea!还说是需要把头往墙上撞旳人才会相信能找到个处理方案呢!阐明内容实在是比较荒诞。61.B.waslittleknowninacademiccircles解析：对旳答案选择B，说旳是爱因斯坦在学术圈里面默默无闻，跟原文里面旳“byavirtualunknown”相对应。有困惑性旳选择项是D,由于文中提到了爱因斯坦旳文章没有配上脚注和注释footnoteandcitations.不过D选择项是说，爱因斯坦不懂得论文旳格式，这个属于过度推理了。2023年12月阅读题SectionBDirections:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What'stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate?

China"}India!Brazil!

Howabout

trade!WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.Butthere'sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession–

areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates

–

butaneconomicexpansion.Therisingvolumeoftrade–

moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates

–

isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,

and

logistics

(物流)

haveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssignifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets–

whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintrade-sensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice

–

agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM'sbalancesheet–

andhencemakesthejobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansare

payingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That'stobeexpected,givenwhatwe'vebeenthrough.Butthere'sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndia,orBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit'snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.Companiesandindividualswhodon'thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkets,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion'sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?A)

ItreflectsAmericans'preferenceforimportedgoods.B)

ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.C)

ItistheresultofAmerica'sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.D)

Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.53.

Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?A)

ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased.B)

ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.C)

Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.D)

Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.54.

Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?A)

Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.B)

Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.C)

Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.D)

Retailersdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.55.

WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?A)

Competitionfromoverseas.

C)Slacktradeactivities.B)

People'sreluctancetospend.

D)Decreasingproductivity.56.

Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?A)

Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.B)

Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.C)

Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.D)

Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.

PassageTwoQuestions57

to

61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ArecurringcriticismoftheUK'suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnew

knowledgeintonewproductsandservices.Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinstemcellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.We

shouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeyinthenationalinnovationsystem.However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercialisationactivity.Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK'spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldatamaskstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewp