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被动语态复习1/47一、被动语态定义:语态是动词一个形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间关系。当主语是谓语动作执行者,则为主动语态;当主语是谓语动作承受者,则为被动语态。
被动语态由助动词be+过去分词组成,时态经过be表现出来。2/47二、各种时态被动语态组成
1)普通现在时:Youarerequiredtodothis.2)普通过去时:Thestorywastoldbyher.3)普通未来时:Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.3/474)现在进行时:Thequestionisbeingdiscussedinthemeetingroom.5)过去进行时:Thenewroadwasbeingmade.6)现在完成时:Thenovelhasbeenread.7)情态动词:Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.4/471.They
make
shoesinthatfactory.三、主动语态变被动语态Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.普通现在时被动语态组成:S(主语)+am/is/are+过去分词5/472.They
bought
tencomputerslastterm.Tencomputers
werebought(bythem)lastterm.普通过去时:S+was/were+过去分词6/473.LingFeng
cantakegoodcareof
Polly.Polly
canbetakengoodcareof
byLingFeng.情态动词:S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词7/474.They
willfinish
theworkintendays.Thework
willbefinished(bythem)intendays.普通未来时:S+will+be+过去分词8/475.Someworkers
arepainting
theroomsnow.Therooms
arebeingpainted
bysomeworkersnow.现在进行时:S+am/is/are+being+过去分词9/476.We
havemade
twentymorekeys.Twentymorekeys
havebeenmade
byus.现在完成时:S+have/has+been+过去分词10/477.I
wasdoing
myhomeworkat8:00lastnight.Myhomework
wasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时:S+was/were+being+过去分词11/47
四、何时使用被动语态呢?
一、行为主体不明确,无须说出或者无法说出动作执行者时。比如:Footballisplayedallovertheworld.二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作执行者时。比如:Mybikewasstolen.我自行车被盗了。12/47三、汉语中含有“听说”、“据悉”、“有些人说”、“大家说”等时。比如:Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…13/47四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。比如:WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao.魏华是被林涛叫来。14/47五、一些句子习惯上用被动语态。比如:HewasborninOctober,1989.六、表示礼貌时。比如:YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8:00p.m.tomorrow.敬请您明天晚上8:00光临我们英语晚会。15/47五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢?1.表示状态动词,如have,cost,fit,last,own,hold,become等往往不能用于被动语态。比如:【正】Theshirtfitshimverywell.【误】Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt.
16/472.祈使句普通没有被动语态。比如:【正】Lookattheblackboard,please.【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou.17/473.一些及物动词宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。比如:【正】HejoinedtheLeaguein1998.【误】TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998.18/474.由“动词+名词”组成英语习语(如makefaces,makefriends,takeplace等)普通不可改为被动语态。比如:【正】Theboymakefacesinclass.【误】Facesaremadebytheboyinclass.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinJinansincelastyear.19/475.反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态。比如:【正】Youmustlookafteryourself.【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter
20/47Practice21/47先将主动句改为被动句,再把被动句变为普通疑问句是否定句
1.PeoplegrowwheatinNorthChina.2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm.22/473.Someworkersarepaintingtheclassroomsnow.4.Wehavemadetwentymorebeds.5.LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly.6.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight.23/47一、如主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语;或含省略to不定式作宾补,变被动时有何改变呢?UncleLilentustheboatlastweek.(变被动)WewerelenttheboatbyUncleLilastweek.TheboatwaslenttousbyUncleLilastweek.(加上了to,有也加for)24/47Mummademeanewdress.IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.Anewdresswasmadeformebymymother.25/47间宾(人)作被动句主语,一切依旧;而直宾(物)作主语,则须在间宾前添加to或for。加to动词多为give,send,bring,teach,show,pass,write,ask,tell等;加for动词有make,draw,buy等。26/47二、Myparentsmademewateralltheseyoungtrees.(变被动)Iwasmadetowateralltheseyoungtreesbymyparents.(加上了to)
27/47这种主动句中用省to不定式作宾补,变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel,hear,listento,let,make,have,see,notice,lookat,watch(即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”)。28/47Exercises29/471.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.
areusedarecleaned(变被动语态)30/473.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold31/475.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused32/477.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished33/479.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous34/4710.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone35/4712.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike____________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken36/4714.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem37/4716.Someonemusthelpmemoveawaytheheavybag.Imust_____________tomoveawaythisheavybag.17.WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?(变为主动语态)______Tom______thewindow?behelpedDidbreak38/4718.Thetractorwasn’tdrivenoutoftheroad.He_____________thetractoroutoftheroad.19.Doesn’tBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_______thestreet_________byBobeveryday?didn’tdriveIsn’tcleaned39/4720.Whatcantheydotofinishtheworkontime?_____________________________bythemtofinishthework?Whatcanbedone40/4721.Noneofthechildrenweremadetotrythenewmedicinebythedoctor.Thedoctor_________________________the________________thenewmedicine.didn’tmakeanyofchildrentry41/47将以下句子改为被动语态1.Wesweeptheflooreve
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