2017年高二英语人教版选修8学案：Unit2CloningSectionⅡ

Unit2CloningSectionⅡ—LearningaboutLanguage，UsingLanguage，SummingUp&LearningTip一、看下面关于恐龙的图片，回答下列问题1．Doyoulikedinosaurs？Wherehaveyouseenthem？Canyouseetheminourreallife？Why?________________________________________________________________________2．Doyouthinkitispossibletoclonedinosaurs？Ifyes，doyouthinkthat'sgoodforhumanbeings？Why?________________________________________________________________________二、学习下面的生词，并选择合适的词或词组完成句子，每个词或词组只能用一次owe欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……retire退休；离开bother打扰；操心；烦扰beboundto(do)．..一定或注定(做)……strike打；撞击；罢工fromtimetotime不时；偶尔vain虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的resist抵抗；对抗1.“Waitaminute，”someonemightsay，“areyoutalkingaboutMr.Davisthe______man，orMr.Davistherespectablescholar？”2．Makesureyou______theurge(冲动)toanswereverymessageyoureceive，andconsiderleavingyourmobilephonebehindoccasionallywhenyougoout.3．Wouldthenewsthathefailedtopasstheexam______you?4．AndIrememberMr.Basille______takingabreakatourkitchentable，havingacupofteaandtellingstoriesabouthisdelivery.5．Oneofthequestionsunderdebateiswhethertraditionaltechnologyandmethods______dieoutwhenacountrybeginstodevelopmodernscienceandtechnology.6．OvertheyearsI'vecometorealizehowmuchofmysuccessI______tomyacceptanceofthosewordsasoneofmyvalues.7．Anearthquakeof9magnitude______offthecoastofJapan.8．Hecriedbecauseallhiseffortswerein______.三、将下列单词与相对应的释义搭配起来A B1．owe a．tohitthesurfaceofsomething2．unable b．toneedtoreturnmoneythatyouhaveborrowed3．strike c．tomakesomeonefeelslightlyworried，upsetorconcerned4．retire d．nothavingtheskill，strength，time，knowledge，etc.todosth.5．bother e．tostopworkingwhenreachingacertainage四、短语互译A．从文中找出下列短语并写出它们的汉语意思1．experimentwith____________2．inthe1950s____________3．either...or...____________4．passon____________5．leadanaturallife____________B．从文中找出与下列释义对应的英文1．情况很好____________2．不时；偶尔____________3．一定或注定(做)……____________4．使……刻骨铭心____________5．白费力气；枉费心机____________6．使复生；使复活____________五、阅读THERETURNOFTHEDINOSAURS？并回答下列问题1．Thewriterofthetext______.A．isexcitedbythepossibilityofcloningfierceandextinctanimalsB．believesthatextinctanimalscanbebroughtbacktolifebycloningC．thinksitimpossibleorunsuitabletocloneextinctanimalslikedinosaursD．dreamsofdinosaursreturningtotheearth2．ThefilmJurassicA．peopleareinterestedinthesubjectofcloningfierceandextinctwildanimalsB．alltheactorsaredinosaursC．itwasdirectedbyascientistwhoclonesdinosaursD．itprovesveryinteresting3．ThereasonswhyagroupofclonedanimalsalldieofthesameillnessdoNOTinclude______.A．theyhavethesamearrangementofgenesB．thereisn'tenoughdiversityinthegroupforittoovercomeillnessesC．theillnessisanewoneD．theirarrangementofgenescannotresistthatnewdisease4．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.A．scientistsareexperimentingwithcloningdinosaursB．dinosaurswillneverreturntotheearthC．clonedanimalswillonlyliveinthezooD．theDNAofdinosaurscanonlysurvive10000years答案：一、1.Theanswerwillvary.2．Theanswerwillvary.二、1.retired2.resist3.bother4.fromtimetotime5．areboundto6.owe7.struck8.vain三、1.b2.d3.a4.e5.c四、A.1.以……做实验2.在二十世纪五十年代3．或者……或者……4.传递5.过着自然的生活B．1.ingoodcondition2.fromtimetotime3.(be)boundto(do)．..4.oone'sheart5.invain6.bringbacktolife五、1～4CACB1．Youowetheladyanapology.你得向这位女士道歉。考点：owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……Thebossowesme100poundsformywork.老板欠我工资100英镑。Ioweyouagreatdeal.我欠你太多(人情)。Youoweyourfatheranapology.你必须向你的父亲道歉。Heoweswhatheistohisparents.他有今天的成就应归功于他的父母。归纳：owe常用于词组____________(欠某人……)和____________(把……归功于……)1)owingto由于，因为Owingtothebadweather，wedidn'tgotothezoo.由于天气不好，我们没有去动物园。2)辨析owe和ownowe与own在词形上相近，但含义不同，owe是“欠(账、钱、人情等)，归功于……”的意思；own是“拥有，自己的”的意思。单项填空1)Theboy______hissuccesstohisparents'encou­ragement.A．owns B．owes C．gives D．gains完成句子2)Sheisnow，____________(由于身体不好)，notsoactiveinthemovement.2．...sothatwhenheretiredhewouldbeabletolookbackonhislifewithsatisfaction.……这样当他退休时，他就可以满意地回顾自己的人生了。考点：retirevi退休；离开Someoftheworkerswanttoretireearly.有一些工人想提前退休。Afterretiringfromthearmy，hehadnothingtodo.从军队退役后，他无所事事。归纳：retire常与介词from搭配，表示“从……退休(役)，离开……”。1)retire也可作及物动词，含义是“使退休，使离开”。如：Publicopinionretiredhimfrompolitics.公众舆论使他离开政坛。2)retiredadj.已退休的Mygrandfatherisaretireddriver.我的祖父是一名退休司机。3)retiringadj.即将退休的；孤僻的；害羞的Hemustbegettingnearretiringage.他一定快到退休年龄了。Doesthemanhavearetiringpersonality?那个人性格孤僻吗？Mybrotheristooretiringtotalkwithotherkids.我的弟弟很害羞，不敢与其他孩子交谈。单项填空1)Mr.Carawayissaid______.Whodoyouknowhassucceededhim?A．tohaveretired B．toberetiring C．toretire D．havingretired2)Marysaidthatshewould______thearmythenextyear.A．retire B．retirefrom C．beretired D．beretiring翻译句子3)她在55岁就退休了。________________________________________________________________________3．However，theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.然而，她后来得了严重的肺病的问题困扰着科学家们。剖析：thatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdisease是同位语从句。考点：bothervt.打扰；vi.操心；n.烦扰Don'tbotheryourfather.He'sthinkingaboutsomethingimportant.不要打扰你的爸爸。他正在考虑重要的事情。Don'tbotheraboutmeanymore.不要再为我操心了。Idon'twanttoputyoutoanybother.我不想给你添乱子。You'dbetterphonetherestaurantfirstandsaveyourselfthebotherofgoingthere.你最好先给饭店打个电话，省得费劲再去一趟。IhopeIhaven'tbeenabother.我希望我没有烦扰到你。归纳：bother作不及物动词时常与介词______连用；bother作名词“烦扰”讲时，是______名词，但指“令人烦扰的人或事情”时，常与不定冠词a连用。1)bothersb.withsth.用某事烦扰某人Don'tbothermewithsuchstupidquestions.不要用这种愚蠢的问题来烦我。2)bother作“令人烦恼的人或事物”讲时，是可数名词。如：InevermindlookingafterJack；heisn'tabother.我从不介意照顾杰克；他不是令人烦恼的人。Whatabother！Wemissedthelastbus.真烦人！我们错过了最后一班车。3)辨析bother，disturb与interruptbother指麻烦某人，使某人操心、烦恼，常指为一些小事所“烦扰”，带有稍微抱怨的意味。disturb意为“干扰，扰乱”，侧重扰乱某种状态或秩序。interrupt意为“打扰，打断”，侧重打断某个活动的进程，使其不能进行下去。Ican'tbotherhimwithmylittleaffairs.我不能用我的小事麻烦他。Thechildcontinuallydisturbedtheclass.那个孩子不断地扰乱课堂。Pleasedon'tinterruptmewhenIamspeaking.当我说话时，请不要打断我。单项填空1)—Ineedtoadvertiseforaroommatefornextterm.—______？Maryisinterested.A．Whybother B．Whynot C．Sowhat D．Whatfor2)—Yorareluckythatsheisverythoughtfulanddevotedtoyou.—Infact，Idon'twantto______herwithmyproblemsallthetime.A．hire B．strike C．bear D．bother3)Idon'twanttobotherher______myproblemsatthemoment.A．of B．at C．with D．for单句改错4)Wehadalotofbothersinrepairingthepressmachine.________________________________________________________________________4．Dolly'sdeath，likeherbirth，wasboundtoraiseworries.多莉之死，就如它的出世一样，注定要带来焦虑。考点：beboundtodo...一定或注定做……Evenwhenwalkinginthecompanyoftwoothermen，Iamboundtolearnfromthem.三人行，必有我师。ShewasboundtoleavetheUnitedStatesbecauseshewasaChinese.她注定要离开美国，因为她是中国人。1)beboundtodosth.还可以表示“(感到)有责任/义务做某事；必须”。其中be动词可以换成feel。如：Shefeltshewasboundtotellthewholeaffairtous.她感到有责任把整件事情告诉我们。Wefeelboundtoobeythelaws.我们必须遵守法律。2)beboundupin忙于，对……有兴趣Tomisboundupinhisworkwitholdpeople.汤姆对和老人们在一起的工作感兴趣。3)beboundupwith紧紧联系在一起Ourfutureiscloselyboundupwiththatofthiscompany.我们的将来与这家公司的将来紧密相连。4)beboundfor...准备前往……ThetrainisboundforChicago.这列火车是开往芝加哥的。单项填空1)Youarebound______aslongasyoustudyhard.A．tosucceed B．succeeded C．succeeding D．onsucceeding2)Ifhissparetimewas______asideforrelaxation，theoldmanwas______tohaveahealthylife.A．set；bound B．toset；bound C．tobeset；bounds D．setting；bounded完成句子3)如果你努力学习，你一定能通过即将到来的考试。Ifyouworkhard，___________________________________________________________.5．ThepopularityoffilmssuchasJurassicPark，inwhichascientistclonesseveralkindsofextinctdinosaurs，proveshowtheideastruckamixtureoffearandexcitementintopeople'shearts.在《侏罗纪公园》这部影片中，有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。类似这样的电影很受欢迎，证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。剖析：inwhich引导定语从句，修饰先行词JurassicPark。“介词＋which”引导定语从句是高考中的重要考点。如：Thequestionswereallonopera，aboutwhichsubjectIknownothing.那些问题都是关于歌剧的，我对歌剧一无所知。考点：strikevt.&viTheboystruckthemanwithastick.这个男孩用一根棍子打了那个男子。Hiscarstruckatree.他的汽车撞上了一棵树。Thetaxidriversinthatcityarestrikingnow.现在，那个城市的出租车司机在罢工。1)strike还有“擦(火柴)”“钟表打几点”“(某种想法)忽然出现”“给(人)某种印象”的含义。如：Themanagerstruckamatchandlitacigarette.经理擦着一根火柴，点燃了一支香烟。Theclockstrucktwelve.钟表打了十二点。Anideasuddenlystruckme.我突然有了一个想法。Howdotheystrikeyou?他们给你的印象如何？2)oone'sheart使……刻骨铭心ThistapestruckwhatmyteachersaidwhenIleftschooltenyearsagointomyheart.这盘磁带让我永远记住了十年前毕业时我的老师所说的话。3)striken．罢工Theworkersareonstrike.工人们在罢工。Itisbelievedthatthestrikewilllastforatleastaweek.人们相信这次罢工将至少持续一周。单项填空1)It______methatIcouldusethemoneyIsavedtohelpastudentinaremotearea.A．happened B．occurred C．bound D．struck2)It______himthatheshouldpayavisittohisparents.A．happened B．occurred C．struck D．struckto汉译英3)这部电视剧使得人们永远记住了这场事故。________________________________________________________________________6．Fromtimetotimepeoplesuggestthatextinctanimalslikedinosaurs，canpossiblybebroughtbacktolifethroughcloning.人们时常设想有可能通过克隆技术使得像恐龙这样的绝种动物复活。考点一：fromtimetotime不时；偶尔Thecarmanufacturerschangedthecarmodelsfromtimetotime.汽车制造商不时地改变汽车型号。Ieatathomemostofthetime，andIeatoutfromtimetotime.我大多数时候在家吃饭，偶而在外面吃饭。同义词：sometimes，attimes，nowandthen，occasionally，onceinawhile考点二：bringbacktolife使复生；使复活Thegirlguidewasbroughtbacktolifeatlast.这位女导游最后苏醒了过来。Nothingcanbringhimbacktolife.什么也不能使他复活。1)comebacktolife苏醒Aftertwodays，hecamebacktolife.两天后，他苏醒了过来。2)bring短语归纳：bringback使回忆；归还bringdown打垮；降低bringforward提前，提出，拨快bringup养育；培养；教育；呕吐Thestorybroughtbackmychildhood.这个故事使我回忆起我的童年。Theydecidetobringdownprices.他们决定降低价格。TheyhavebroughtthemeetingforwardtonextMonday.他们把会议提前到了下周一。Therethebirdsnestandbringuptheiryoung.这些鸟在那儿筑巢并哺育幼鸟。单项填空1)Bornintoafamilywiththreebrothers，Davidwas______tovaluethesenseofsharing.A．broughtup B．turneddown C．lookedafter D．heldback2)OntherescuesceneofthecoppermineinChile，thecrowdcheered______aminerwassafelybroughttothesurface.A．fromtimetotime B．anytime C．atatime D．everytime3)Peoplewonderhowscientists______dinosaurs______withthehelpoftheamazingtechnologyinthefilmofJurassicPark.A．brought；tomind B．brought；backtolifeC．brought；backtonormal D．brought；toanend用bring的相关短语填空4)Thephotographs____________manypleasantmemories.5)Weaimto__________thepricesofallthecomputers.7．Alleffortsofcloningananimalwillbeinvainifthereisnotenoughdiversityinthegrouptoovercomeillnesses.如果某个动物群体没有足够的多样性以战胜疾病，那么克隆这种动物的所有努力都将是无用的。考点：vainadj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的Hiswifeisavainwoman.他的妻子是一个虚荣的女人。Avainpersonisonewhohasatoohighopinionofhimself.一个自负的人就是一个对自己评价过高的人。Hiseffortstosavethedogwereinvain.他试图救那条狗的努力都是徒劳的。invain白费力气；枉费心机Thepolicetriedinvaintobreakuptheprotestcrowds.警察企图驱散抗议的人群，但没有成功。Hetriedtocheatme，butinvain.他试图欺骗我，但枉费心机。单项填空1)Hiseffortstoraisemoneyforhisprogramwere______becausenooneshowedanyintentiontotakeacentoutoftheirpockets.A．inplace B．insight C．ineffect D．invain2)Ittookhimagreatdealofcouragetoadmitthatallhiseffortshadbeen______.A．invain B．inturn C．inreturn D．indanger8．Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie，butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.这样的优势在于：如果面对一种新的疾病，一些动物会病死，其他的则会存活下来，并把这种抗病力传给下一代。剖析：1)that引导一个表语从句，而这个从句中又包含了ifthereisanewillness这个条件状语从句。2)动词不定式短语toresistthatdisease作定语修饰名词theability。IthinkIhavetheabilitytoovercomethedifficulty.我认为我有克服困难的能力。考点：resistvt.抵抗；对抗Theyaredeterminedtoresistinvasion.他们决心抵抗入侵。Hewaschargedwithresistingarrest.他被控拒捕。1)can'tresist“抵挡不住，忍不住”，后面常接动词­ing形式。如：Shecouldn'tresistlaughingwhenshesawthatyoungman.当她看到那个年轻人的时候，她忍不住笑了起来。2)派生词：①resistancen．反抗，抵制Hemadenoresistanceagainstit.他没有对那件事做任何抵抗。②resistantadj.抵抗的Thetransplantedtreesareresistanttocold.这些移植的树木有抗寒力。单项填空1)Tomwassuchabravesoldierduringthewarthathecould______thethreatofviolencefromhisenemywithothers.A．resist B．deserve C．fight D．hide词语替换2)LittleTomisaddictedtocomputergames，sohe_can't_stop_playingtruant.A．willresist B．canresist C．can'tresist D．resistance3)Allthechildrenareaskedtodomorningexercisebecauseahealthybodycanrefusediseases.A．owe B．resist C．attain D．object9．ThedodobecameextinctfairlyrecentlysoitsDNAisstillingoodcondition.渡渡鸟最近才刚灭绝，因此它的DNA仍旧完好。考点：ingood/poorcondition状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏Everythinghereisingoodcondition.这儿的一切状况都很好。Thecarisbadlydamagedandinpoorcondition.这辆汽车损坏严重，状况很坏。含condition的常用短语：incondition身体很好outofcondition身体不适on(the)conditionthat条件是onnocondition绝不要Don'tworryaboutme.I'mincondition.不要担心我，我身体很好。Ican'tclimbthemountainbecauseIamoutofcondition.我不能爬山，因为我身体不适。Youcanborrowthebookontheconditionthatyoudonotlendittoanyoneelse.你可以借这本书，条件是不要把它借给别人。Youmustonnoconditiontellhimwhathappened.你绝不要告诉他所发生的一切。单项填空1)Iagreetohissuggestion______theconditionthathedropsallcharges.A．by B．in C．on D．to2)Youarenotingoodhealth，Ithink.Youcouldimproveyour______byrunningeveryday.A．position B．condition C．situation D．energy3)Thoughtheoldtemplehasahistoryofover1000years，itisstill______.A．ingoodcondition B．inpoorcondition C．onconditionthat D．outofcondition10．Grammar考点一：什么叫同位语当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。例如：LauraMyers，aBBCreporter，askedforaninterview.劳拉·迈尔斯，BBC的记者，要求采访。Ihavetwofriends，TomandJack.我有两个朋友，汤姆和杰克。Hewantstobuyashirt，onethatisnotexpensivebutnice.他想买一件衬衫，一件不贵但不错的衬衫。考点二：特殊同位语归纳1)代词we，us，you等后接同位语Areyoutworeading？你们两人在看书吗？2)不定式用作同位语Sooncametheordertostartthegeneralattack.很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(tostartthegeneralattack与theorder同位)3)动词的­ing形式用作同位语。He'sgettingajobtonightdrivingatruck.他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(drivingatruck与ajob同位)Thefirstplan，attackingatnight，wasturneddown.第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(attackingatnight与Thefirstplan同位)4)形容词用作同位语Thecurrentfair，thebiggestinitshistory，isbeingheldinGuangzhou.目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在广州举行。5)noneofus之类的结构用作同位语Wenoneofussaidanything.我们谁也没说话。Theyneitherofthemwantedtogo.他们两人都不想去。注意：同位语并不影响其后谓语动词的“数”。如：Theboyseachhavetenbooks.这些男孩子每人有十本书。考点三：在主从复合句中，作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that，whether等词引导，常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。考点四：同位语从句的用法。引导词从句特点例句分析that同位语从句意义完整时，用that引导同位语从句Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。theyhadwonthegame说明Thenews的全部内容，因此为同位语从句whether如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义时，用whether引导同位语从句We'lldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。thesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达theproblem的全部内容，因此用whether引导同位语从句when同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”的含义时，用when等词引导同位语从句Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么时候回来。hewillbeback意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此用when引导同位语从句where同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么地点”的含义时，用where引导同位语从句Ourteachergaveusthesuggestionwhereweshouldspendoursummerholidays.老师建议我们应在哪儿度暑假。weshouldspendoursummerholidays意义不完整，应加“在什么地方”的含义才能表达suggestion的全部内容，因此用where引导同位语从句how同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么方式”的含义时，用how引导同位语从句Ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome，perhapsbybike.他是怎样回家的，我没有印象，也许是骑自行车。hewenthome意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此用how引导同位语从句why同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“为什么”的含义时，用why引导同位语从句Doyouhaveanideawhyhehasn'tbeenacceptedbyQingdaoUniversity？你知道他为什么没有被青岛大学录取吗？加why，和Doyouhaveanidea连用，才能表达完整的意思who同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“谁”的含义时，用who引导同位语从句Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑。加who，从句中才有主语，句子的意义才完整which同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“哪一个”的含义时，用which引导同位语从句ZhangHuiyinghasn'tsolvedtheproblemwhichuniversitysheshouldchoose.张惠颖还没有解决好选择哪所大学的问题。which在同位语从句中作定语，表示选择关系what同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么”的含义时，用what引导同位语从句Thegeneralgavetheorderwhatthesoldiersshouldcarryacrosstheriveratonce.将军下达了战士们立即带着什么过河的命令。thesoldiersshouldcarryacrosstheriveratonce不是theorder的全部内容，意义不完整，应用what引导同位语从句考点五：同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现。ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.他将要去上海的消息是真的。that只起连接从句的作用，无具体词义，所以，此句是同位语从句。that不可省略。定语从句对名词加以限制，是名词内容的修饰性定语。Thefactory(that)wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。that在从句中作宾语，所以此句是定语从句。that在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分——主语或宾语，有具体词意，作宾语时还可以省略。考点六：虚拟语气一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should＋动词原形表示。should可省略。Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis(should)besettledtomorrow.这就是我们唯一的请求：明天解决这个问题。同位语从句顺口溜同位语从句并不难，看清名词是关键，常用名词有七个，fact，news和idea，information和truth，problem和hope。后面的从句作解释，因此叫做同位语。单项填空1)Whenthenewscame______thewarbrokeout，hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.A．since B．which C．that D．because2)Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence______smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.A．what B．which C．that D．where3)—Isthereanypossibility______youcouldpickmeupattheairport?—Noproblem.A．when B．that C．whether D．what4)Adecisionhasbeenmade______anyonewhocutsdownonetalltreewillhavetoplanttwoyoungonesinplace.A．if B．that C．once D．when5)Mymothermadeapromise______Ipassedtheexamination，shewouldbuymeanMP4.A．that B．thatif C．ifthat D．whether6)—Allthebuildingmaterialshavebeenwashedaway.—Ihaveheardit.Buttherewasnosign______aheavyrainwasonthewaylastnight.A．when