2018年北京丰台高三二模英语试卷

高三英语第1高三英语第1页（共14页）高三英语第2页（共14页）丰台区2018年高三年级第二学期综合练习（二）2018.05本试卷满分共120分考试时间100分钟注意事项：答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用 2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答， 超出答题区域书写的答案无效， 在试卷、草稿纸上答题无效。请保持答题卡卡面清洁，不要装订、不要折叠、不要破损。笔试（共三部分 120分）\o"CurrentDocument"第一部分知识运用（共两节 45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.Aheavysandstormisgoingtoenvelopourcity.ItisunwisetohaveyourcarA.wash B.washed C.washing D.towashWuLeiistheonlyChineseplayer hasmadeitontothelatestWorldSoccer500list.A.who B.which C.whose D.whomYourdonation greatlyappreciatedandthemoneywillbeusedtohelpthestudentsfrompoorfamilies.A.hasbeen B.isC.wasD.hadbeenEvenasmallpersonalcomputer storevastamountsofinformation.might B.can C.oughtto D.hastoWepackedallthebooksinwoodenboxessothatthey damaged.don'getB.won'get C.didn'tget D.wouldn'getItisnotsurprising thenewcourseonelectronicgameshasattractedmanystudents.what B.which C.that D.where basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.Known B.HavingknownC.Knowing D.Beingknown—Didyourfatherenjoyseeinghisoldfriendsyesterday?—Yes,hedid.They eachotherforages.didn'tseeB.wouldn'tseeC.haven'tseenD.hadn'tseen—Couldyoucheckmylisttosee Ihaveforgottenanything?—Noproblem.whether B.which C.that D.whatSomeonecalledmeupatmidnight,buthehadhungup Icouldanswerthephone.as B.since C.until D.beforeWeclimbeduptothetopofahill, wegotagoodviewofthewholeforestpark.which B.where C.when D.thatBeijing 'snewinternationalairpor intooperationin2019willserve72millionpassengersannually.A.beingputB.tobeput C.put D.toputShedoesn'tspeakourIanguage, sheseemstounderstandwhatwesay.A.yet B.and C.or D.soDaviddidn'attendhisdaughtersgraduationceremony,buthedoeswishhe there.A.shouldbeB.wouldbe C.hadbeen D.wereWhatisyourmainreasonforchoosingonerestaurant anoth?rA.over B.of C.from D.for第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AGoodManIt'alateSaturdayafternooninearlyMarch,andIamsweatinginsearchoftheonlygiftmysonwantsfromLosAngeles:a16tothehomesofthestarssuchasBradPittandJetLi.Acheerfultaxidriversays,Noproblem.Mapsellersareeverywhere!”Whenthetaxistops,afellow17withathinfoldedsheetandsays:Tendollars”Tendollars!Withabsolute18,Iinformhim,Thatstoomuch.”Themapmanleaves.Ibeginwalking,certainI'llfinda（an）19starmapsoon.Iam20.There'shardlyanybodyonthestreet.Theredon'tseemtobemanyrealstores,justcarsandbars.Nomaps.Nostars.Blockspass.Thesunbeginstosink.AttheedgeofWestHollywood,21fellowwandersahead,sellingstarmapstosometeenagegirls.Tendollars22.Forgetit.Mysonwill23.Thatnight,Icallmywife.Didyougetoneofthosemapstothestars?He'beentalkingabout24else.”This25ishardtoignore.Itslate.Atall-nightmarkets:nomaps.Iheadbacktothehotel.Morningiscoming.Therewillbeonelast26.AfterIcheckout,Itakeataxi.Butatnineinthemorning,mapsellersare27tobefound.Youknow,”saysthedriver,Theguyswiththemapsjustain'tupyet!”He'sright.'Forgetit.Let'gototheairport”'Well,”saysthedriver,'Icould28youoneifyoulike.”Sure.Trustthisguy?Imightaswellthrowcashontothefreeway.Butexitingthetaxi,I29mylastchanee.Ihandhim$13andmybusinesscardThreeweekspass.Ive30onthestarmap.Mysonhasstoppedmentioningit.Thenoneafternoon,stickingoutfromunderpilesofflyers,thereitis:abigwhiteenvelope.Thereisasmallnote.Icanhardlyreadit,31Imakeoutafew高三英语第3页（共14页）phrases—forgive32，”taxi'beendown”and,finally,here'mapforyourson.”There'snoreturnaddress.Itssigned,kindregards,M.”Iholdthenoteinmyhand,33whatmysonsaidtomewhenIgotbackfromLosAngeles.'Didyoumeetany34,Dad?'heasked.NowIknowwhattotellhim.'Yes,Idid.ImetaguynamedM”Ifyounever 35 anybody,you'lIneverfindthegoodguys.16.A.decorationB.mapC.bookD.symbol17.A.arguesB.requestsC.competesD.approaches18.A.assuraneeB.permissionC.anxietyD.bargain19.A.perfectB.inexpensiveC.properD.detailed20.A.shockedB.confusedC.impatientD.wrong21.A.oneB.someC.anotherD.either22.A.stillB.evenC.almostD.yet23.A.believeB.regretC.understandD.admit24.A.anythingB.everythingC.somethingD.nothing25.A.ideaB.newsC.changeD.reason26.A.tryB.journeyC.actionD.minute27.A.everywhereB.somewhereC.anywhereD.nowhere28.A.giveB.mailC.showD.spare29.A.createB.recognizeC.deserveD.blow30.A.givenupB.throwndoubtsC.refusedoffersD.droppedin31.A.andB.orC.butD.for32.A.faultB.delayC.carelessnessD.rudeness33.A.rememberingB.remindingC.reviewingD.realizing34.A.admirersB.friendsC.starsD.heroes35.A.lookuptoB.turntoC.havefaithinD.agreewith高三英语第4页（共14页）第二部分阅读理解（共两节40第二部分阅读理解（共两节40分）36.Accordingtothepassage,bouldering 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AClimbingWithoutRopesThepopularimageofthemountainclimberisofapersoncarefullyclimbingasteepcliffwithanetworkofsafetyropes,butitisnottheonlykind.Manyclimbersnowenjoybouldering.It'smoreaccessibleandbetterfortheenvironment.Whatisbouldering?BoulderingisasportthatinvoIvesclimbingon,over,andaroundbouldersuptoapproximatelytwentyfeetabovetheground.ParticipantsemploynosafetyropesWhyboulder?Whatisbouldering?BoulderingisasportthatinvoIvesclimbingon,over,andaroundbouldersuptoapproximatelytwentyfeetabovetheground.ParticipantsemploynosafetyropesWhyboulder?improveyourclimbingskillsbyfocusingonbasicsplacestoclimb,suchasclimbingwallsatgymsandparks,easytofindlesstimecommitmenttoboulderingthantomountainclimbingintellectualandphysicalenjoymentasonesolvesproblemsBoulderingTermscrimp:averysmallhandholdfoothold:aplacewhereonemayplaceafoottoaidinclimbingboulderjug:averylargehandholdthatiseasytcuseproblem:Thepathupaboulderisreferredtoasthe “problem”thmustsolve.The “solution”isthsequeneeofmovesonemakesupandoveraboulder.A.isanindoorsportD.isasteepcliffclimbingHereisanexampleofaclimberaddressingaboulderingproblem.Figure1:Theclimberhastworoutesshecouldtake,onetotheleftandonetotheright.Theleftoneappearseasierbecauseithasajugwithineasyreach,butlookwhathappensifshechoosesthatdirection.Shegetsstuckontherockandhastogobackdown.Sometimesthatisevenmoredifficultthangoingup.Figure2:Theclimbertakestheonetotherightthistime.Usingafootholdandplacingherrighthandinacrimp,sheisabletoliftherselfupandlocateotherhandholds.Afteronlyafewmoves,sheisabletothrowherlegoverthetopoftheboulderandpullherselfup.hasnosafetyprotectionneedsmapsandequipmentBoulderingbecomespopularbecause itchallengesthelimits B.itcostslessC.itbuildsmindsandbodies D.itisateamgameAccordingtotheexample,therightrouteis .ashortcut B.adeadendC.toughbuttothetop D.linedwithjugsThepassageislikelytoappearin .oneA.abookreview B.ascieneereportC.anewspaperadvertisement D.asportsmagazineBThreeFeetFromGoldDarby'sunclewascaughtbythe“goldfeverinthegold-rushdays,andwentwesttodigandgrowrich.Aftermonthsoflabor,hewasrewardedbythediscoveryoftheshiningore（矿石）.Heneededmachinerytobringtheoretothesurface.So,withthe“strike”，hereturnedhome.AndwiththehelpofDarby,heborrowedalotofmoney.Afterbuyingthemachineryandhavingitshipped,UncleandDarbywentbacktoworkthemine.Thefirstcaroforewasmined.AndthereturnsprovedtheyhadoneoftherichestminesinColorado!Downwentthedrills!UpwentthehopesofUncleandDarby!

Thensomethinghappened!Thevein矿脉)ofgoldoredisappeared!Theydrilledon,butallinvain.Finally,theydecidedtoquitandsoldthemachinerytoajunkmanforafewhundreddollars.ThejunkmancalledinaminingengineertoFromthepassage,wecanknowDarbywasunabletopayoffthedebtsminedhisgoldfromthefailure''scalculate)nsshoWCedAhOlpdalessonfromsellinginsuraneelookatthemineanddoalittlecalculating.TheengineertheveinwouldbefoundjustthreefeetfromwheretheDarbyshadstoppeddrilling!Thejunkmantookmillionsofdollarsinthevein,becauseheknewenoughtoseekexpert'sadvicebeforegivingup.MostofthemoneywhichwentintothemachinerywasborrowedthroughtheeffortsofDarby,whowasthenaveryyoungman.Themoneycamefromhisrelativesbecauseoftheirfaithinhim.Hepaidbackeverydollarofit,althoughhewasyearsindoingso.Longafterward,Mr.Darbymadeanotherdiscoverythatdesirecanbechangedintogold.Thisdiscoverycameafterhewentintothebusinessofsellinglifeinsuranee.Rememberingthathelostahugefortune,forhestoppedthreefeetfromgold,Darbyprofitedbytheexperienceinhischosenwork,sayingtohimself,stoppedthreefeetfromgold,butIwillneverstopbecausemensayno'whenIaskthemtobuyinsurance. ”Darbysoldmorethanamilliondollarsinlifeinsuranceannually.Heoweshis“stickability”tothelessonhelearnedfromhis “quitability”business.Darby'sunclewentbackhometoA.receivehisrewardseekfinancialsupportlookformorehelpersconsultanengineerTheDarbysfailedinminingbusinessbecauseofquittingdrillingonthedisappearaneeoftheveintheshortageofthemachinerycompetingagainstthejunkmandevotedhimselftomakingnewdiscoveriesTheauthorintendstotellusthat .hopesanddifficultiesexistsidebysidecorrectdecisionsstemsfromcorrectjudgementweshouldcatchitwhenanopportunitycomeswewon'rteachourgoaluniesswepersistCScientistssayweareallbornwithaknackformathematics.Everytimewescanthecafeteriaforatablethatwillfitallofourfriends,we'reexercisingtheancientestimationcenterinourbrain.StanislasDehaenewasthefirstresearchertoshowthatthispartofthebrainexists.In1989,herVietMr.Nwhohadsufferedaseriousbraininjury.Mr.Ncouldn'trecognizethenumber5,oradd2and2.Buthestillknewthatthereare “about50minutes”inanhoDehaenedrewanimportantconclusionfromhiscase:theremustbetwoseparatemathematicalareasinourbrains.Oneareaisresponsibleforthemathwelearn.inschool,andtheotherjudgesapproximateamounts.thegoldminingSowhatdoesthebrain'estimationcenterdoforus?HarvardUniversityresearcherElizabethSpelkehasspentalotoftimeposingmathproblemstopreschoolers.Whenheasks5-year-oldstosolveaproblemlike+30,theycan'tdoit.Buthehasalsoaskedthemquestionssuchas,“Sarahhas21candlesandgets30more.Johnhas34candles.Whohasmorecandles? ”Itturnsoutpreschoolersaregreatatsolvingquestionslikethat.Beforethey'vlearnedhowtodomathwithnumeralsandsymbols,theirbrains 'approximationcentersarealreadyhardatwork.Afterwelearnsymbolicmath,dowestillhaveanyuseforourinbornmathsense?JustinHalberdaatJohnsHopkinsUniversitygaveusananswerinhisstudy.Hechallengedagroupof14-year-oldswithanapproximationtest:Thekidsstaredatacomputerscreenandsawgroupsofyellowandbluedotsflashby,tooquicklytocount.Thentheyhadtosaywhethertherehadbeenmorebluedotsoryellowdots.Theresearchersfoundthatmostwereabletoanswercorrectlywhentherewere25

yellowdotsand10blueones.Whenthegroupswerecloserinsize,11yellowdotsand10blueones,fewerkidsansweredcorrectly.Thebigsurpriseinthisstudycamewhentheresearchercomparedthekids'approximatentestscorestotheirscoresonstandardizedmathtests.Hefoundthatkidswhodidbetterontheflashingdottesthadbetterstandardizedtestscores,andviceversa（反之亦然）.Itseemsthat,farfrombeingirrelevant,yourmathsensemightpredictyourabilityatformalmath.Fromthefirsttwostudies,wecanlearnthatestimationcenter .isdividedintotwoseparatemathematicalareascanhelpfigureoutnumeralsandsymbolsproblemsfunctionsindependentlyinbothkids'andadults'brainsworksbetterwhensymbolicpartsareinjuredorundergrownWhatmostsurprisedJustininthestudyof14-year-olds?Thevarietyofmathabilitiesindifferentstudents.Thelinkbetweentechnologyskillsandestimationskills.Thedifficultyofthetaskasthenumberofdotsincreased.Theconnectionbetweenestimationskillsandformalmathability.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?BornwithaSenseofMath.GobeyondWhatYouCanLearn.SymbolicMathandEstimationMath.OurBrain—aBornMathematician.DThatrobots,automation,andsoftwarecanreplacepeoplemightseemobvioustoanyonewho'sworkedinautomotivemanufacturing.ButMITbusiisescholarsErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfee 'sclaimismoretroublingandcontroveTheybelievethatrapidtechnologicalchangehasbeendestroyingjobsfasterthanitiscreatingthem.Theybelievethattechnologyincreasesproductivityandmakessocietieswealthier,butitbecamecleartothemthatthesametechnologiesmakingmanyjobssafer,easier,andmoreproductivewerealsoreducingthedemandformanytypesofhumanworkers.TechnologiesliketheWeb,artificialintelligenee,andbigdataareautomatingmanyroutinetasks.Countlesstraditionalwhite-collarjobs,suchasmanyinthepostofficeandincustomerservice,havedisappeared.Asevidenee,BrynjolfssonandMcAfeepointtoachartonwhichseparatelinesrepresentproductivityandtotalemploymentintheUnitedStates.ForyearsafterWorldWarII,thetwolinescloselytrackedeachother,withincreasesinjobscorrespondingtoincreasesinproductivity.Then,beginningin2000,thelinesdiverge;productivitycontinuestorisesteadily,butemploymentsuddenlyshrinks.By2011,asignificantgapappearsbetweenthetwolines,showingeconomicgrowthwithnoparallelincreaseinjobcreation.Butarethesenewtechnologiesreallyresponsibleforadecadeoflackluster无生气）jobgrowth?DavidAutor,aneconomistatMITwhohasstudiedtheconnectionsbetweenjobsandtechnology,doubtsthattechnologycouldaccountforsuchasuddenchangeintotalemployment.Moreover,healsodoubtsthatproductivityhas,infact,risensteadilyintheUnitedStatesinthepastdecade.Ifheright,itraisesthepossibilitythatpoorjobgrowthcouldbesimplyaresultofasial.depressedeconomy.Thesuddenslowdowninjobcreation “isabigpuzzle,“butthere'notalotofevidencethatit'linkedtocomputers.”“Tobesure,computertechnologiesarechangingthetypesofjobsavailable,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingtechnologyisaffectingthetotalnumberofjobs,'headds.hesa“Jobscanchangealotwithouttherebeinghugechangesinemploymentrates.hesaD.Disapproving.D.Disapproving.LawrenceKatz,aHarvardeconomist,saysthatwhiletechnologicalchangescanbepainfulforworkerswhoseskillsnoIongermatchtheneedsofemployers,nohistoricalpatternshowstheseshiftsleadingtoanetdecreaseinjobsoveranextendedperiod.Still,Katzdoesn'dismissthenotionthatthereissomethingdifferentabouttoday 'sdigitaltechnologies.Thoughheexpectsthehistorical匸tohold,itis “genuiquestion,”hesays. “Iftechndlogyptsenough,whoknowswhatwillhappen? ”WhichperiodonthechartstronglysupportsMcAfee'sclaim?A.1947—1967. B.1985—1987.C.1997—2000. D.2011—2013.AccordingtoDavidAutor,thechangeinjobgrowth isnotnecessarilycausedbytechnologyresultsfromaweakeningeconomyhasnoconnectionwithproductivityaffectsthecurrenttypesofjobsWhatisLawreneeKatz'sattitudetowardsthetopic?A.Optimistic.B.Defensive. C.Objective.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto .showtherelationbetweenproductivityandjobcreationdiscusstheeffectoftechnologicaladvancesonemploymentargueagainstthewideuseofartificialintelligenceexplaintheimpactoftechnologiesonproductivitymaterialusedforbuildinghousesandmakinghouseholditems.Butinthepast100years,resourceshavecomeunderincreasingpressureaspopulationshaveexplodedandlargeareasofbambooforesthavebeenclearedtomakewayforfarms.52Allovertheworld,therangesofmanybamboospeciesappeartobeatterducing,endangeringthepeopleandanimalsthatdependuponthem.AreportpublishedbytheUNEnvironmentProgrammehasrevealedjusthowprofoundourignoranceofglobalbambooresourcesis.Bambooisawonderplant.Itsecologicalroleextendsbeyondprovidingfoodandhabitatforanimals.Bambootendstogrowinstandsmadeupofgroupsofindividualplantsthatgrowfromrootsystems.Itsextensiverootsystemsarecrucialinpreventingwaterlossandsoilerosion.53InIndia25%ofpaperproducedismadefrombamboofiber,andinBrazil,100,000hectaresof