2022年12月四级考试真题（二）

2022年12月四级考试真题（二）

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteonthetopicChangesin

theWayofTransportation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180

words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnews

report,youwillheartwoorthreeuestions.Boththenewsreportandtheuestionswill

bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearauestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfrom

thefourchoicesmarkedA)fB)fC)andD),Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

uestions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Hewantedtobuyahome.C)Helostahugesumofmoney.

B)Hesufferedfromashock.D)Hedidanunusualgooddeed.

2.A)Invitethewaitertoafancydinner.C)Givesomemoneytothewaiter.

B)TellherstorytotheDailyNews.D)Paythewaiter'sschooltuition.

uestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

A)Whetherornottomovetothestate'smainland.

B)Howtokeepthevillagefromsinkingintothesea.

C)Wheretogetthefundsforrebuildingtheirvillage.

D)Whattodoabouttherisingleveloftheseawater.

4.A)Ittakestoolongatime.

B)Itcoststoomuchmoney.

C)Ithastowaitforthestate'sfinalapproval.

D)Itfacesstrongoppositionfrommanyvillagers.

uestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhaveJustheard.

5.A)Toinvestigatewhetherpeoplearegratefulforhelp.

B)Toseewhetherpeopleholddoorsopenfbrstrangers.

C)Toexplorewaysofinducinggratitudeinpeople.

D)Tofindouthowpeopleexpressgratitude.

6.A)Theyinducedstrangerstotalkwiththem.

B)Theyhelped15to20peopleinabadmood.

C)Theyhelddoorsopenforpeopleatvariousplaces.

D)Theyinterviewedpeoplewhodidn'tsaythankyou.

7.A)Peoplecanbeeducatedtobegrateful.C)Mostpeoplehavebaddaysnow

andthen.

B)Mostpeopleexpressgratitudeforhelp.D)Peopleareungratefulwhenina

badmood.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeach

conversation,youwillhearfouruestions.Boththeconversationandtheuestionswill

bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearauestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfrom

thefourchoicesmarkedA)fB),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

uestions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Toorderasolarpanelinstallation,C)Toenuireaboutsolarpanel

installations.

B)Toreportaseriousleakinhisroof,D)Tocomplainaboutthefaulty

solarpanels.

9.A)Heplanstoinstallsolarpanels.C)Hesaves$300ayear.

B)Heownsafour-bedroomhouse.D)Hehasalargefamily.

10.A)Theserviceofthesolarpanelcompany.C)Themaintenanceofthesolar

panels.

B)Thecostofasolarpanelinstallation.D)Theualityofthesolarpanels.

11.A)Oneyearandahalf.C)Roughlysixyears.

B)Lessthanfouryears.D)Aboutfiveyears.

uestions12to15basedontheconversationyouhavejustheard

12.A)Atatravelagency.C)Atanairlinetransferservice.

B)AtanAustralianairport.D)Atalocaltransportation

authority.

13.A)Shewouldbeabletovisitmorescenicspots.

B)Shewantedtosaveasmuchmoneyaspossible.

C)Shewouldliketohaveeverythingtakencareof.

D)Shewantedtospendmoretimewithherfamily.

14.A)Fourdays.C)Oneweek.

B)Fivedays.D)Twoweeks.

15.A)Choosingsomeactivitiesherself.C)DrivingalongtheGreatOcean

Road.

B)SpendingChristmaswithAustralians.D)Learningmoreaboutwine

making.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,

youwillhearthreeorfouruestions.Boththepassageandtheuestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearauestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

uestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Bringtheirownbagswhenshopping.C)Disposeoftheirtrash

properly.

B)Usepublictransportwhentraveling.D)Payagreentaxupon

arrival.

17.A)Ithasnotbeendoingagoodjobinrecycling.

B)Ithaswitnessedariseinaccidentaldrowning.

C)Ithasnotattractedmanytouristsinrecentyears.

D)Ithasexperiencedanoveralldeclineinairuality.

18.A)Tochargeasmallfeeonplasticproductsinsupermarkets.

B)Tobansingle-useplasticbagsandstrawsonBaliIsland.

C)Topromotetheuseofpaperbagsforshopping.

D)Toimposeapenaltyonanyonecaughtlittering.

uestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Itgivesbirthtoseveralbabiesatatime.C)Itsbreedinggroundsarenowbetter

preserved.

B)Itistheleastprotectedmammalspecies.D)Itspopulationisnowshowingsigns

ofincrease.

20.A)Globalwarming.C)Commercialhunting.

B)Pollutedseawaters.D)Decreasingbirthrates.

21.A)Tomate.C)Toescapehunters.

B)Tolookforfood.D)Toseekbreedinggrounds.

uestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Theyprefertodrinklow-fatmilk.C)Theyconsumelessmilkthesedays.

B)Theythinkmilkisgoodforhealth.D)Theybuymoremilkthanthe

British.

23.A)Itisnotashealthyasoncethought.C)Itbenefitstheelderlymore.

B)Itisnoteasytostayfreshforlong.D)Ittendstomakepeoplefat.

24.A)Theydrinktoomanypintseveryday.C)Theylackthenecessaryproteinsto

digestit.

B)Theyaresensitivetocertainminerals,D)Theyhaveeatenfoodincompatible

withmilk.

25.A)Itiseasierforsickpeopletodigest,C)Itishealthierthanotheranimal

products.

B)Itprovidessomenecessarynutrients.D)Itsuppliesthebodywithenough

calories.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarereuiredtoselect

onewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe

passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoice

inthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitem

onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotweanyofthe

wordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Whenmysoncompletesatask,Ican*thelpbutpraisehim.It'sonlynaturaltogive

praisewherepraiseisdue,rightButistheresuchathingastoomuchpraise

AccordingtopsychologistKatherinePhillip,childrendon't-benefitfrom26

praiseasmuchaswe*dliketothink.*'Parentsoftenpraise,believingtheyarebuilding

theirchild'sself-confidence.However,over-praisingcanhavea27effect,Hsays

Phillip."Whenweusethesamepraise28,itmaybecomeemptyandnolongervalued

bythechild.Itcanalsobecomeanexpectationthatanythingtheydomustbe29

withpraise.Thismayleadtothechildavoidingtakingrisksduetofearof30their

parents."

DoesthismeanweshoulddoawaywithallthepraisePhillipsaysno."Thekeyto

healthypraiseistofocusontheprocessratherthanthe31.Itistherecognitionofa

child'sattempt,ortheprocessinwhichtheyachievedsomething,thatisessential/1she

says."Parentsshouldencouragetheirchildtotaketherisksneededtolearnandgrow."

Sohowdowebreakthe32ofpraisewe'reallsoaccustomedtoPhillipsays

it'simportantto33between"personpraise11and"processpraise"."Personpraiseis

34sayinghowgreatsomeoneis.Itsaformofpersonalapproval.Processpraiseis

acknowledgementoftheeffortsthepersonhasjust35.Childrenwhoreceiveperson

praisearemorelikelytofeelshameafterlosing/1saysPhillip.

A)chooseI)pattern

B)constantJ)plural

C)disappointingK)repeatedly

D)distinguishL)rewarded

E)exhaustingM)separately

F)experiencedN)simply

G)negativeO)undertaken

H)outcome

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements

attachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.

Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea

paragraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthe

uestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Povertyisastoryaboutus9notthem

A)Toooftenstill,wethinkweknowwhatpovertylookslike.It*sthewaywe'vebeen

taught,theimageswe'vebeenforce-fedfordecades.Thechronicallyhomeless.

Theundocumentedimmigrant.Theurbanpoor,usuallypersonifiedasawomanof

color,the"welfareueenHpoliticiansstilltoooftenreference.

B)ButasincomeineualityrisestorecordlevelsintheUnitedStates,eveninthemidst

ofarecordeconomicexpansion,thosefamiliarimagesareoutdated,hurtful,and

counterproductivetofocusingattentiononsolutionsandbuildingladdersof

opportunity.

QToday*sfacesofincomeineualityandlackofopportunitylooklikeallofus.It's

AnnaLandre,adisabledGeorgetownUniversitystudentfightingtokeephealth

benefitsthatallowherthefreedomtoliveherlife.It'sTiffanieStandard,a

counselorforyoungwomenofcolorinPhiladelphiawhowanttobetech

entrepreneurs一butwhomustworkmultiplejobstostayafloat.It'sKenOutlaw,a

welderinruralNorthCarolinawhosedreamofgoingbacktoschoolatalocal

communitycollegewasdashedbyHurricaneFlorence-justoneoftheextreme

weathereventsthathavetippedthebalanceforstrugglingAmericansacrossthe

nation.

D)Ifthesearethecentralcharactersofourstoryaboutpoverty,whatlayersof

perceptions,myths,andrealitiesmustweunearthtofindmeaningfulsolutionsand

supportInpursuitofrevealingthiscomplicatedreality,MotheringJustice,ledby

womenofcolor,wentlastyeartothe-statecapitalinLansing,Michigan,tolobby

onissuesthataffectworkingmothers.OneoftheMotheringJusticeorganizers

wenttotheofficeofastaterepresentativetotalkaboutthelackofaffordable

childcarethevestiges(痕迹)ofasystemthatexpectedmotherstostayhomewith

theirchildrenwhiletheirhusbandsworked.Alegislativestafferdismissedthe

activist'sconcerns,tellingherHmyhusbandtookcareofthat-Istayedhome.”

E)Thatcomment,saysMotheringJusticedirectorDanielleAtkinson,,nwasmeantto

shame"andreliedonthefamiliarnotionthatawomanofcolorconcernedabout

incomeineualityandprogramsthatpromotemobilitymustbydefinitionbea

singlemom,probablywithmultiplekids.Inthiscase,theMotheringJustice

activisthappenedtobemarried.AndinmostcasesintheAmericaof2022,the

imagesthatcometomindwhenwehearthewordspovertyorincome*ineuality

failmiserablyinreflectingacomplicatedreality:povertytouchesvirtuallyallofus.

Thefaceofincomeineuality,forallbutaveryfewofus,istheoneweeachseein

themirror.

F)HowmanyofusarepoorintheU.S.Itdependsonwhoyouask.Accordingtothe

CensusBureau,38millionpeopleintheU.S.arelivingbelowtheofficialpoverty

thresholds.Takingintoaccounteconomicneedbeyondthatabsolutemeasure,the

InstituteforPolicyStudiesfoundthat140millionpeoplearepoororlow-income.

That'salmosthalftheU.S.population.

G)Whateverthemeasure,withinthatmassivegroup,povertyisextremelydiverse.We

knowthatsomepeoplearemoreaffectedthanothers,likechildren,theelderly,

peoplewithdisabilities,andpeopleofcolor.

H)Butthefactthat4in10Americanscan'tcomeupwith$400inanemergencyisa

commonlycitedstatisticforgoodreason:economicinstabilitystretchesacross

race,gender,andgeography.Itevenreachesintothemiddleclasses,asrealwages

havestagnated(不增长)forallbuttheverywealthyandtemporaryspellsof

financialinstabilityarenotuncommon.

I)Negativeimagesremainofwhoislivinginpovertyaswellaswhatisneededto

moveoutofit.ThebigAmericanmythisthatyoucanpullyourselfupbyyour

owneffortsandchangeabadsituationintoagoodone.Therealityisthatfinding

opportunitywithouthelpfromfamilies,friends,schools,andcommunityis

virtuallyimpossible.Andtheplayingfieldisnothingclosetolevel.

J)TheFrameWorksInstitute,aresearchgroupthatfocusesonpublicframingof

issues,hasstudiedwhatsustainsstereotypesandnarrativesofpovertyinthe

UnitedKingdom."Peoplevieweconomicsuccessandwellbeinginlifeasa

productofchoice,willpower,anddrive/saysNatKendall-Taylor,CEOof

Frameworks.nWhenweseepeoplewhoarestruggling,"hesays,those

assumptions"leadustotheperceptionthatpeopleinpovertyarelazy,theydon't

care,andtheyhaven'tmadetherightdecisions.'*

K)DoesthissoundfamiliarSimilarideassurroundpovertyintheU.S.Andthese

assumptionsgiveafalsepictureofreality.0Whenpeopleenterintothatpatternof

thinking,"saysKendall-Taylor,"it'scognitivelycomfortabletomakesenseof

issuesofpovertyinthatway.Itcreatesakindofcognitiveblindness一allofthe

factorsexternaltoaperson'sdriveandchoicesthatthey'vemadebecomeinvisible

andfadefromview.”

L)Thoseexternalfactorsincludethedifficultiesaccompanyinglow-wageworkor

structuraldiscriminationbasedonrace,gender,orability.Assumptionsgetworse

whenpeoplewhoarepoorusegovernmentbenefitstohelpthemsurvive.Thereis

agreattensionbetween"thepoor"andthosewhoarereceivingwhathasbecomea

dirtyword:"welfare."

M)AccordingtotheGeneralSocialSurvey,71percentofrespondentsbelievethe

countryisspendingtoolittleon"assistancetothepoor."Ontheotherhand,22

percentthinkwearespendingtoolittleon"welfare"：37percentbelieveweare

spendingtoomuch.

N)"Povertyhasbeeninterchangeablewithpeopleofcolor-specificallyblackwomen

andblackmothers,"saysAtkinsonofMotheringJustice.It'struethatblack

mothersaremoreaffectedbypovertythanmanyothergroups,yettheyare.

disproportionatelythefaceofpoverty.Forexample,Americansroutinely

overestimatetheshareofblackrecipientsofpublicassistanceprograms.

O)Inreality,mostpeoplewillexperiencesomeformoffinancialhardshipatsome

pointintheirlives.Indeed,peopletendtodipinandoutofpoverty,perhapsdueto

unexpectedobstacleslikelosingajob,orwhenhoursofalow-wagejobfluctuate.

P)Somethingeachofuscandoistotreateachotherwiththedignityandsympathy

thatisdeservedandtounderstanddeeplythattheissueofpovertytouchesallofus.

36.Onelegislativestafferassumedthatawomanofcolorwhoadvocatedaffordable

childcaremustbeasinglemother.

37.Peoplefromdifferentraces,genders,andregionsallsufferfromalackoffinancial

security.

38.Accordingtoasurvey,whilethemajoritybelievetoolittleassistanceisgivento

thepoor,morethanathirdbelievetoomuchisspentonwelfare.

39.AresearchgrouphasfoundthatAmericanswhoarestrugglingarethoughttobe

lazyandtohavemadethewrongdecisions.

40.UndertheoldsysteminAmerica,amotherwassupposedtostayhomeandtake

careofherchildren.

41.Itwasfoundthatnearly50%ofAmericansarepoororreceivelowpay.

42.Americansusuallyoverestimatethenumberofblacksreceivingwelfarebenefits.

43.ItisimpossibleforAmericanstoliftthemselvesoutofpovertyentirelyontheir

own.

44.Nowadays,itseemsnoneofuscangetawayfromincomeineuality.

45.Assumptionsaboutpoorpeoplebecomeevenmorenegativewhentheyliveon

welfare.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

uestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)f

B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

uestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Boredomhas,paradoxically,becomeuiteinterestingtoacademicslately.Inearly

May,London'sBoringConferencecelebratedsevenyearsofdelightingindullness.At

14-7

thisevent,peopleflockedtotalksaboutweather,trafficjams,andvending-machine

sounds,amongothersleep-inducingtopics.

What,exactly,iseverybodystudyingOnewidelyacceptedpsychological

definitionofboredomis"thedistastefulexperienceofwanting,butbeingunable,to

engageinsatisfyingactivity."Buthowcanyouuantifyaperson'sboredomleveland

compareitwithsomeoneelse'sIn1986,psychologistsintroducedtheBoredom

PronenessScale,designedtomeasureanindividual'soveralltendencytofeelbored.By

contrast,theMultidimensionalStateBoredomScale,developedin2022,measuresa

person'sfeelingsofboredominagivensituation.

Boredomhasbeenlinkedtobehaviorissuesincludinginattentivedriving,

mindlesssnacking,excessivedrinking,andaddictivegambling.Infact,manyofus

wouldchoosepainoverboredom.Oneteamofpsychologistsdiscoveredthattwo-thirds

ofmenandauarterofwomenwouldratherself-administerelectricshocksthansit

alonewiththeirthoughtsfor15minutes.Researchingthisphenomenon,anotherteam

askedvolunteerstowatchboring,sad,orneutralfilms,duringwhichtheycouldself­

administerelectricshocks.Theboredvolunteersshockedthemselvesmoreandharder

thanthesadorneutralonesdid.

Butboredomisn*tallbad.Byencouragingself-reflectionanddaydreaming,itcan

spurcreativity.Anearlystudygaveparticipantsabundanttimetocompleteproblem­

solvingandword-associationexercises.Oncealltheobviousanswerswereexhausted,

participantsgavemoreandmoreinventiveanswerstocombatboredom.ABritishstudy

tookthesefindingsonestepfurther,askingsubjectstocompleteacreativechallenge

(comingupwithalistofalternativeusesforahouseholditem).Onegroupof

Thosewhoseboredompumpshadbeenprimedweremoreproductive.

Inouralways-connectedworld,boredommaybeahard-to-definestate,butitisa

fertileone.Watchpaintdryorwaterboil,oratleastputawayyoursmartphonefbra

while,andyoumightunlockyournextbigidea.

46.Whenarepeoplelikelytoexperienceboredom,accordingtoanaccepted

psychologicaldefinition

A)Whentheydon'thavethechancetodowhattheywant.

B)Whentheydon'tenjoythematerialstheyarestudying.

C)Whentheyexperiencesomethingunpleasant.

D)Whentheyengageinsomeroutineactivities.

47.Whatdoestheauthorsayboredomcanleadto

A)Determination.C)Mentaldeterioration.

B)Concentration.D)Harmfulconduct.

48.Whatisthefindingofoneteamofpsychologistsintheirexperiment

A)Volunteerspreferwatchingaboringmovietosittingalonedeliberating.

B)Manyvolunteerschoosetohurtthemselvesratherthanendureboredom.

C)Malevolunteersaremoreimmunetotheeffectsofboredomthanfemales.

D)Manyvolunteersareunabletoresistboredomlongerthanfifteenminutes.

49.Whydoestheauthorsayboredomisn'tallbad

A)Itstimulatesmemorization.C)Itmaypromotecreativethinking.

B)Itallowstimeforrelaxation.D)Itmayfacilitateindependentlearning.

50.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestonedowhenfacedwithachallengingproblem

A)Stopidlingandthinkbig.C)Lookaroundoneselfforstimulation.

B)Unlockone'ssmartphone.D)Allowoneselfsometimetobebored.

PassageTwo

uestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ForestsincountrieslikeBrazilandtheCongogetalotofattention-from

environmentalists,anditiseasytoseewhy.SouthAmericaandsub-SaharanAfricaare

experiencingdeforestationonanenormousscale:everyyearalmost5millionhectares

arelost.Butforestsare-alsochanginginrichWesterncountries.Theyaregrowing

larger,bothinthesensethattheyoccupymorelandandthatthetreesinthemarebigger.

Whatisgoingon

ForestsarespreadinginalmostallWesterncountries,withthefastestgrowthin

placesthathistoricallyhadratherfewtrees.In199028%ofSpainwasforested;now

theproportionis37%.InbothGreeceandItaly,thegrowthwasfrom26%to32%over

thesameperiod.ForestsaregraduallytakingmorelandinAmericaandAustralia.

PerhapsmotsastonishingisthetrendinIreland.Roughly1%ofthatcountrywas

forestedwhenitbecameindependentin1922.Nowforestscover11%oftheland,and

thegovernmentwantstopushtheproportionto18%bythe2040s.

Twothingsarefertilisingthisgrowth.Thefirstistheabandonmentoffarmland,

especiallyinhigh,dryplaceswherenothinggrowsterriblywell.Whenfarmersgiveup

tryingtoearnalivingfromfarmingorherding,treessimplymovein;Thesecondis

govemmentpolicyandsubsidy.Throughouthistory,governmen