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2022年12月四级考试真题(二)
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteonthetopicChangesin
theWayofTransportation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180
words.
PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnews
report,youwillheartwoorthreeuestions.Boththenewsreportandtheuestionswill
bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearauestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfrom
thefourchoicesmarkedA)fB)fC)andD),Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron
AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
uestions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.A)Hewantedtobuyahome.C)Helostahugesumofmoney.
B)Hesufferedfromashock.D)Hedidanunusualgooddeed.
2.A)Invitethewaitertoafancydinner.C)Givesomemoneytothewaiter.
B)TellherstorytotheDailyNews.D)Paythewaiter'sschooltuition.
uestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
A)Whetherornottomovetothestate'smainland.
B)Howtokeepthevillagefromsinkingintothesea.
C)Wheretogetthefundsforrebuildingtheirvillage.
D)Whattodoabouttherisingleveloftheseawater.
4.A)Ittakestoolongatime.
B)Itcoststoomuchmoney.
C)Ithastowaitforthestate'sfinalapproval.
D)Itfacesstrongoppositionfrommanyvillagers.
uestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhaveJustheard.
5.A)Toinvestigatewhetherpeoplearegratefulforhelp.
B)Toseewhetherpeopleholddoorsopenfbrstrangers.
C)Toexplorewaysofinducinggratitudeinpeople.
D)Tofindouthowpeopleexpressgratitude.
6.A)Theyinducedstrangerstotalkwiththem.
B)Theyhelped15to20peopleinabadmood.
C)Theyhelddoorsopenforpeopleatvariousplaces.
D)Theyinterviewedpeoplewhodidn'tsaythankyou.
7.A)Peoplecanbeeducatedtobegrateful.C)Mostpeoplehavebaddaysnow
andthen.
B)Mostpeopleexpressgratitudeforhelp.D)Peopleareungratefulwhenina
badmood.
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeach
conversation,youwillhearfouruestions.Boththeconversationandtheuestionswill
bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearauestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfrom
thefourchoicesmarkedA)fB),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron
AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
uestions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.A)Toorderasolarpanelinstallation,C)Toenuireaboutsolarpanel
installations.
B)Toreportaseriousleakinhisroof,D)Tocomplainaboutthefaulty
solarpanels.
9.A)Heplanstoinstallsolarpanels.C)Hesaves$300ayear.
B)Heownsafour-bedroomhouse.D)Hehasalargefamily.
10.A)Theserviceofthesolarpanelcompany.C)Themaintenanceofthesolar
panels.
B)Thecostofasolarpanelinstallation.D)Theualityofthesolarpanels.
11.A)Oneyearandahalf.C)Roughlysixyears.
B)Lessthanfouryears.D)Aboutfiveyears.
uestions12to15basedontheconversationyouhavejustheard
12.A)Atatravelagency.C)Atanairlinetransferservice.
B)AtanAustralianairport.D)Atalocaltransportation
authority.
13.A)Shewouldbeabletovisitmorescenicspots.
B)Shewantedtosaveasmuchmoneyaspossible.
C)Shewouldliketohaveeverythingtakencareof.
D)Shewantedtospendmoretimewithherfamily.
14.A)Fourdays.C)Oneweek.
B)Fivedays.D)Twoweeks.
15.A)Choosingsomeactivitiesherself.C)DrivingalongtheGreatOcean
Road.
B)SpendingChristmaswithAustralians.D)Learningmoreaboutwine
making.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,
youwillhearthreeorfouruestions.Boththepassageandtheuestionswillbespoken
onlyonce.Afteryouhearauestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour
choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer
Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
uestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.A)Bringtheirownbagswhenshopping.C)Disposeoftheirtrash
properly.
B)Usepublictransportwhentraveling.D)Payagreentaxupon
arrival.
17.A)Ithasnotbeendoingagoodjobinrecycling.
B)Ithaswitnessedariseinaccidentaldrowning.
C)Ithasnotattractedmanytouristsinrecentyears.
D)Ithasexperiencedanoveralldeclineinairuality.
18.A)Tochargeasmallfeeonplasticproductsinsupermarkets.
B)Tobansingle-useplasticbagsandstrawsonBaliIsland.
C)Topromotetheuseofpaperbagsforshopping.
D)Toimposeapenaltyonanyonecaughtlittering.
uestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Itgivesbirthtoseveralbabiesatatime.C)Itsbreedinggroundsarenowbetter
preserved.
B)Itistheleastprotectedmammalspecies.D)Itspopulationisnowshowingsigns
ofincrease.
20.A)Globalwarming.C)Commercialhunting.
B)Pollutedseawaters.D)Decreasingbirthrates.
21.A)Tomate.C)Toescapehunters.
B)Tolookforfood.D)Toseekbreedinggrounds.
uestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.A)Theyprefertodrinklow-fatmilk.C)Theyconsumelessmilkthesedays.
B)Theythinkmilkisgoodforhealth.D)Theybuymoremilkthanthe
British.
23.A)Itisnotashealthyasoncethought.C)Itbenefitstheelderlymore.
B)Itisnoteasytostayfreshforlong.D)Ittendstomakepeoplefat.
24.A)Theydrinktoomanypintseveryday.C)Theylackthenecessaryproteinsto
digestit.
B)Theyaresensitivetocertainminerals,D)Theyhaveeatenfoodincompatible
withmilk.
25.A)Itiseasierforsickpeopletodigest,C)Itishealthierthanotheranimal
products.
B)Itprovidessomenecessarynutrients.D)Itsuppliesthebodywithenough
calories.
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarereuiredtoselect
onewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe
passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoice
inthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitem
onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotweanyofthe
wordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Whenmysoncompletesatask,Ican*thelpbutpraisehim.It'sonlynaturaltogive
praisewherepraiseisdue,rightButistheresuchathingastoomuchpraise
AccordingtopsychologistKatherinePhillip,childrendon't-benefitfrom26
praiseasmuchaswe*dliketothink.*'Parentsoftenpraise,believingtheyarebuilding
theirchild'sself-confidence.However,over-praisingcanhavea27effect,Hsays
Phillip."Whenweusethesamepraise28,itmaybecomeemptyandnolongervalued
bythechild.Itcanalsobecomeanexpectationthatanythingtheydomustbe29
withpraise.Thismayleadtothechildavoidingtakingrisksduetofearof30their
parents."
DoesthismeanweshoulddoawaywithallthepraisePhillipsaysno."Thekeyto
healthypraiseistofocusontheprocessratherthanthe31.Itistherecognitionofa
child'sattempt,ortheprocessinwhichtheyachievedsomething,thatisessential/1she
says."Parentsshouldencouragetheirchildtotaketherisksneededtolearnandgrow."
Sohowdowebreakthe32ofpraisewe'reallsoaccustomedtoPhillipsays
it'simportantto33between"personpraise11and"processpraise"."Personpraiseis
34sayinghowgreatsomeoneis.Itsaformofpersonalapproval.Processpraiseis
acknowledgementoftheeffortsthepersonhasjust35.Childrenwhoreceiveperson
praisearemorelikelytofeelshameafterlosing/1saysPhillip.
A)chooseI)pattern
B)constantJ)plural
C)disappointingK)repeatedly
D)distinguishL)rewarded
E)exhaustingM)separately
F)experiencedN)simply
G)negativeO)undertaken
H)outcome
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements
attachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.
Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea
paragraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthe
uestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
Povertyisastoryaboutus9notthem
A)Toooftenstill,wethinkweknowwhatpovertylookslike.It*sthewaywe'vebeen
taught,theimageswe'vebeenforce-fedfordecades.Thechronicallyhomeless.
Theundocumentedimmigrant.Theurbanpoor,usuallypersonifiedasawomanof
color,the"welfareueenHpoliticiansstilltoooftenreference.
B)ButasincomeineualityrisestorecordlevelsintheUnitedStates,eveninthemidst
ofarecordeconomicexpansion,thosefamiliarimagesareoutdated,hurtful,and
counterproductivetofocusingattentiononsolutionsandbuildingladdersof
opportunity.
QToday*sfacesofincomeineualityandlackofopportunitylooklikeallofus.It's
AnnaLandre,adisabledGeorgetownUniversitystudentfightingtokeephealth
benefitsthatallowherthefreedomtoliveherlife.It'sTiffanieStandard,a
counselorforyoungwomenofcolorinPhiladelphiawhowanttobetech
entrepreneurs一butwhomustworkmultiplejobstostayafloat.It'sKenOutlaw,a
welderinruralNorthCarolinawhosedreamofgoingbacktoschoolatalocal
communitycollegewasdashedbyHurricaneFlorence-justoneoftheextreme
weathereventsthathavetippedthebalanceforstrugglingAmericansacrossthe
nation.
D)Ifthesearethecentralcharactersofourstoryaboutpoverty,whatlayersof
perceptions,myths,andrealitiesmustweunearthtofindmeaningfulsolutionsand
supportInpursuitofrevealingthiscomplicatedreality,MotheringJustice,ledby
womenofcolor,wentlastyeartothe-statecapitalinLansing,Michigan,tolobby
onissuesthataffectworkingmothers.OneoftheMotheringJusticeorganizers
wenttotheofficeofastaterepresentativetotalkaboutthelackofaffordable
childcarethevestiges(痕迹)ofasystemthatexpectedmotherstostayhomewith
theirchildrenwhiletheirhusbandsworked.Alegislativestafferdismissedthe
activist'sconcerns,tellingherHmyhusbandtookcareofthat-Istayedhome.”
E)Thatcomment,saysMotheringJusticedirectorDanielleAtkinson,,nwasmeantto
shame"andreliedonthefamiliarnotionthatawomanofcolorconcernedabout
incomeineualityandprogramsthatpromotemobilitymustbydefinitionbea
singlemom,probablywithmultiplekids.Inthiscase,theMotheringJustice
activisthappenedtobemarried.AndinmostcasesintheAmericaof2022,the
imagesthatcometomindwhenwehearthewordspovertyorincome*ineuality
failmiserablyinreflectingacomplicatedreality:povertytouchesvirtuallyallofus.
Thefaceofincomeineuality,forallbutaveryfewofus,istheoneweeachseein
themirror.
F)HowmanyofusarepoorintheU.S.Itdependsonwhoyouask.Accordingtothe
CensusBureau,38millionpeopleintheU.S.arelivingbelowtheofficialpoverty
thresholds.Takingintoaccounteconomicneedbeyondthatabsolutemeasure,the
InstituteforPolicyStudiesfoundthat140millionpeoplearepoororlow-income.
That'salmosthalftheU.S.population.
G)Whateverthemeasure,withinthatmassivegroup,povertyisextremelydiverse.We
knowthatsomepeoplearemoreaffectedthanothers,likechildren,theelderly,
peoplewithdisabilities,andpeopleofcolor.
H)Butthefactthat4in10Americanscan'tcomeupwith$400inanemergencyisa
commonlycitedstatisticforgoodreason:economicinstabilitystretchesacross
race,gender,andgeography.Itevenreachesintothemiddleclasses,asrealwages
havestagnated(不增长)forallbuttheverywealthyandtemporaryspellsof
financialinstabilityarenotuncommon.
I)Negativeimagesremainofwhoislivinginpovertyaswellaswhatisneededto
moveoutofit.ThebigAmericanmythisthatyoucanpullyourselfupbyyour
owneffortsandchangeabadsituationintoagoodone.Therealityisthatfinding
opportunitywithouthelpfromfamilies,friends,schools,andcommunityis
virtuallyimpossible.Andtheplayingfieldisnothingclosetolevel.
J)TheFrameWorksInstitute,aresearchgroupthatfocusesonpublicframingof
issues,hasstudiedwhatsustainsstereotypesandnarrativesofpovertyinthe
UnitedKingdom."Peoplevieweconomicsuccessandwellbeinginlifeasa
productofchoice,willpower,anddrive/saysNatKendall-Taylor,CEOof
Frameworks.nWhenweseepeoplewhoarestruggling,"hesays,those
assumptions"leadustotheperceptionthatpeopleinpovertyarelazy,theydon't
care,andtheyhaven'tmadetherightdecisions.'*
K)DoesthissoundfamiliarSimilarideassurroundpovertyintheU.S.Andthese
assumptionsgiveafalsepictureofreality.0Whenpeopleenterintothatpatternof
thinking,"saysKendall-Taylor,"it'scognitivelycomfortabletomakesenseof
issuesofpovertyinthatway.Itcreatesakindofcognitiveblindness一allofthe
factorsexternaltoaperson'sdriveandchoicesthatthey'vemadebecomeinvisible
andfadefromview.”
L)Thoseexternalfactorsincludethedifficultiesaccompanyinglow-wageworkor
structuraldiscriminationbasedonrace,gender,orability.Assumptionsgetworse
whenpeoplewhoarepoorusegovernmentbenefitstohelpthemsurvive.Thereis
agreattensionbetween"thepoor"andthosewhoarereceivingwhathasbecomea
dirtyword:"welfare."
M)AccordingtotheGeneralSocialSurvey,71percentofrespondentsbelievethe
countryisspendingtoolittleon"assistancetothepoor."Ontheotherhand,22
percentthinkwearespendingtoolittleon"welfare":37percentbelieveweare
spendingtoomuch.
N)"Povertyhasbeeninterchangeablewithpeopleofcolor-specificallyblackwomen
andblackmothers,"saysAtkinsonofMotheringJustice.It'struethatblack
mothersaremoreaffectedbypovertythanmanyothergroups,yettheyare.
disproportionatelythefaceofpoverty.Forexample,Americansroutinely
overestimatetheshareofblackrecipientsofpublicassistanceprograms.
O)Inreality,mostpeoplewillexperiencesomeformoffinancialhardshipatsome
pointintheirlives.Indeed,peopletendtodipinandoutofpoverty,perhapsdueto
unexpectedobstacleslikelosingajob,orwhenhoursofalow-wagejobfluctuate.
P)Somethingeachofuscandoistotreateachotherwiththedignityandsympathy
thatisdeservedandtounderstanddeeplythattheissueofpovertytouchesallofus.
36.Onelegislativestafferassumedthatawomanofcolorwhoadvocatedaffordable
childcaremustbeasinglemother.
37.Peoplefromdifferentraces,genders,andregionsallsufferfromalackoffinancial
security.
38.Accordingtoasurvey,whilethemajoritybelievetoolittleassistanceisgivento
thepoor,morethanathirdbelievetoomuchisspentonwelfare.
39.AresearchgrouphasfoundthatAmericanswhoarestrugglingarethoughttobe
lazyandtohavemadethewrongdecisions.
40.UndertheoldsysteminAmerica,amotherwassupposedtostayhomeandtake
careofherchildren.
41.Itwasfoundthatnearly50%ofAmericansarepoororreceivelowpay.
42.Americansusuallyoverestimatethenumberofblacksreceivingwelfarebenefits.
43.ItisimpossibleforAmericanstoliftthemselvesoutofpovertyentirelyontheir
own.
44.Nowadays,itseemsnoneofuscangetawayfromincomeineuality.
45.Assumptionsaboutpoorpeoplebecomeevenmorenegativewhentheyliveon
welfare.
SectionC
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome
uestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)f
B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter
onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
uestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Boredomhas,paradoxically,becomeuiteinterestingtoacademicslately.Inearly
May,London'sBoringConferencecelebratedsevenyearsofdelightingindullness.At
14-7
thisevent,peopleflockedtotalksaboutweather,trafficjams,andvending-machine
sounds,amongothersleep-inducingtopics.
What,exactly,iseverybodystudyingOnewidelyacceptedpsychological
definitionofboredomis"thedistastefulexperienceofwanting,butbeingunable,to
engageinsatisfyingactivity."Buthowcanyouuantifyaperson'sboredomleveland
compareitwithsomeoneelse'sIn1986,psychologistsintroducedtheBoredom
PronenessScale,designedtomeasureanindividual'soveralltendencytofeelbored.By
contrast,theMultidimensionalStateBoredomScale,developedin2022,measuresa
person'sfeelingsofboredominagivensituation.
Boredomhasbeenlinkedtobehaviorissuesincludinginattentivedriving,
mindlesssnacking,excessivedrinking,andaddictivegambling.Infact,manyofus
wouldchoosepainoverboredom.Oneteamofpsychologistsdiscoveredthattwo-thirds
ofmenandauarterofwomenwouldratherself-administerelectricshocksthansit
alonewiththeirthoughtsfor15minutes.Researchingthisphenomenon,anotherteam
askedvolunteerstowatchboring,sad,orneutralfilms,duringwhichtheycouldself
administerelectricshocks.Theboredvolunteersshockedthemselvesmoreandharder
thanthesadorneutralonesdid.
Butboredomisn*tallbad.Byencouragingself-reflectionanddaydreaming,itcan
spurcreativity.Anearlystudygaveparticipantsabundanttimetocompleteproblem
solvingandword-associationexercises.Oncealltheobviousanswerswereexhausted,
participantsgavemoreandmoreinventiveanswerstocombatboredom.ABritishstudy
tookthesefindingsonestepfurther,askingsubjectstocompleteacreativechallenge
(comingupwithalistofalternativeusesforahouseholditem).Onegroupof
Thosewhoseboredompumpshadbeenprimedweremoreproductive.
Inouralways-connectedworld,boredommaybeahard-to-definestate,butitisa
fertileone.Watchpaintdryorwaterboil,oratleastputawayyoursmartphonefbra
while,andyoumightunlockyournextbigidea.
46.Whenarepeoplelikelytoexperienceboredom,accordingtoanaccepted
psychologicaldefinition
A)Whentheydon'thavethechancetodowhattheywant.
B)Whentheydon'tenjoythematerialstheyarestudying.
C)Whentheyexperiencesomethingunpleasant.
D)Whentheyengageinsomeroutineactivities.
47.Whatdoestheauthorsayboredomcanleadto
A)Determination.C)Mentaldeterioration.
B)Concentration.D)Harmfulconduct.
48.Whatisthefindingofoneteamofpsychologistsintheirexperiment
A)Volunteerspreferwatchingaboringmovietosittingalonedeliberating.
B)Manyvolunteerschoosetohurtthemselvesratherthanendureboredom.
C)Malevolunteersaremoreimmunetotheeffectsofboredomthanfemales.
D)Manyvolunteersareunabletoresistboredomlongerthanfifteenminutes.
49.Whydoestheauthorsayboredomisn'tallbad
A)Itstimulatesmemorization.C)Itmaypromotecreativethinking.
B)Itallowstimeforrelaxation.D)Itmayfacilitateindependentlearning.
50.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestonedowhenfacedwithachallengingproblem
A)Stopidlingandthinkbig.C)Lookaroundoneselfforstimulation.
B)Unlockone'ssmartphone.D)Allowoneselfsometimetobebored.
PassageTwo
uestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
ForestsincountrieslikeBrazilandtheCongogetalotofattention-from
environmentalists,anditiseasytoseewhy.SouthAmericaandsub-SaharanAfricaare
experiencingdeforestationonanenormousscale:everyyearalmost5millionhectares
arelost.Butforestsare-alsochanginginrichWesterncountries.Theyaregrowing
larger,bothinthesensethattheyoccupymorelandandthatthetreesinthemarebigger.
Whatisgoingon
ForestsarespreadinginalmostallWesterncountries,withthefastestgrowthin
placesthathistoricallyhadratherfewtrees.In199028%ofSpainwasforested;now
theproportionis37%.InbothGreeceandItaly,thegrowthwasfrom26%to32%over
thesameperiod.ForestsaregraduallytakingmorelandinAmericaandAustralia.
PerhapsmotsastonishingisthetrendinIreland.Roughly1%ofthatcountrywas
forestedwhenitbecameindependentin1922.Nowforestscover11%oftheland,and
thegovernmentwantstopushtheproportionto18%bythe2040s.
Twothingsarefertilisingthisgrowth.Thefirstistheabandonmentoffarmland,
especiallyinhigh,dryplaceswherenothinggrowsterriblywell.Whenfarmersgiveup
tryingtoearnalivingfromfarmingorherding,treessimplymovein;Thesecondis
govemmentpolicyandsubsidy.Throughouthistory,governmen
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