人教版（2023）选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration Review Useful Structures不定式用法课件(共32张PPT)

第第页人教版（2023）选择性必修第四册Unit3SeaExplorationReviewUsefulStructures不定式用法课件(共32张PPT)(共32张PPT)

2023人教版选择性必修四Unit3ReviewUsefulStructures

不定式用法课件

Page29

1.Findallthesentencescontaininginfinitivesinthereading

passage.Thenmarktheirfunctions.

1Asthesubject(S)主语

2Asthepredicative(P)表语

3Astheobject(O)宾语

4Astheobjectcomplement(OC)宾补

5Astheattributive(Attr)定语

6Astheadverbial(Ad)状语

SuggestedAnswers:

Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassion

for...

MarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorerstosearchforsea

routesfromwesttoeast.

Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmetto

negotiatetradedeals...

Thesefleetswereasighttobeholdandwereinaleagueoftheir

ownatthattime.

S

OC

Ad

Attr

Toreachoutacrossthesearemainsastrongdesiretoday.

Theaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationand...

Tradinghasgrowngreatly...,andwillcontinuetodosoin

yearstocome.

...whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthe

benefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.

...therearestillmanyotherplaceslefttoexplore.

S

P

O

Attr

O

Attr

Chinahasjoinedothernationsonseveralexpeditions

toexploretheArctic.

...thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinorder

tounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.

...theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationships

willdriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.

Attr

Attr/Ad

Attr

OC

Attr

课前自主扫描

主动形式被动形式含义

一般式

完成式

进行式\

完成进行式\

todo

tobedone

tobe

doing

tohave

done

tohave

beendone

tohave

beendoing

表示不定式动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后

表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前

表示谓语动作发生时,不定式动作正在进行

表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时,仍在进行

动词不定式的构成

一、不定式做主语

一、不定式做主语

表示具体的、一次性的、即将的、未做的行为与动作；

动名词作主语

表示习惯的、反复的、多次的、完成的行为与动作

e.g.Tosayisonething;todoisanother.

Youcan'thelpwonderinghowharditwasforthepeople

then_______(put)allthoserocksintoplace.

Itispossible_______(walk)orbiketheentire14

kilometers.

toput

towalk

当主语较长时，常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。

e.g.Itwaswise_________youtorefusehisinvitation.

Itisdifficult________youtofinishthetaskintime.

Itisnecessaryforus______________(remind)ofour

shortcomings.

Itisnice________ofyoutocomeandpickusupatthe

airport.

of

for

tobereminded

of

二、不定式作表语

不定式用作表语时放在系动词(be动词)之后，有时也放在seem,remain等其他少数连系动词后。不定式作表语时表示的动作往往是具体的、一次性的、将来的、未做的动作。主语通常时dream、wish、idea、plan、task、purpose、duty、job等的名词。

e.g.Alotofmachinesremain_______________.(repair)

Hiswishis_________abroadforfurtherstudy.(go)

Sheseems_________________alotinthepastfewyears.

(travel)

toberepaired

togo

tohavetravelled

三、不定式作宾语

常跟不定式作宾语的动词有：

agree,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,intend,learn,plan,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,threaten,wish等。

e.g.Ithappenedto_____________(rain)whenIsteppedoutof

thehouselastnight.

Shepretended____________(read)whenherfather

walkedinside.

Tomagreed__________(come)buthehasnotturnedup

yet.

toberaining

tobereading

tocome

有些动词既可跟不定式，又可跟v.-ing形式作宾语，但意义有所区别。这类动词有remember,forget,regret,try,mean等。

remember/forget/regrettodo

remember/forget/regretdoing

trytodo

trydoing

meantodo

meandoing

记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事

记得/忘记/遗憾做过某事

设法做某事

尝试做某事

打算做某事

意味着

e.g.I’msorrytohavedonethat.Ididn’tmean_________(be)

sorude.

Missingthebusmeans_____________(wait)forhalfan

hour.

Iremember____________________(lock)thedoorwhen

Ilefttheoffice.

Iregret__________(tell)youthatyouhavegotanFinthis

drivingtest.

tobe

waiting

locking/havinglocked

totell

这三个词need,want,require既可跟不定式，又可跟v.-ing形式作宾语，但意义和用法不同。

need/want(想要)todosth.

need/want(需要)/require(需要)+doing

(v.-ing主动形式表被动意义)

=need/want(需要)/require(需要)+tobedone

Thetreeswant/need/requirewateringonceamonth.

Thegrasswants/needstobewateredonceaweek.

四、不定式作定语

被only,last,next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。

e.g.Ritawasthefirst__________(come)andthelast__________

(leave).

Hewasthefirstman___________(fly)acrosstheAtlantic.

有些名词后面常接不定式作定语，如ability,chance,desire,decision,effort,intention,need,opportunity,plan,promise,pressure,right,time,way等。

e.g.Youhavethechance_________(ask)anyquestionsyoulikeafter

thepresentation.

tocome

toleave

tofly

toask

Thequestionwillbediscussedatthemeeting______________

(hold)nextThursdayafternoon.

We'rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision

_____________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefuture

ofourcompany.

Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticway_______(see)the

world-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofthecity.

Volunteeringgivesyouachance_________(change)lives,

includingyourown.

Theairport_________________(complete)nextyearwillhelp

promotetourisminthisarea.

tobeheld

tobemade

tosee

tochange

tobecompleted

五、不定式作状语

不定式作状语，常表示目的(inorderto/soasto/to)、原因、结果等。

e.g.Irememberputtingthekeysonthetable,butnowitisnowhere

_____________(see)．

不定式作结果状语时，常用于“only+不定式”结构，表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果；现在分词做结果状语表示自然而然的结果。

e.g.Hehurriedtothestationonly_____________(tell)thetrain

hadalreadyleft.

tobeseen

tobetold

1._________(catch)theplane,Igotupatsixthirtythismorning.2.Millionsofacresorwetlandsweredried________(feed)the

ever-increasingpopulations,greatly___________(reduce)

waterfowls’habitat.

3.Thelocalgovernmentdoesn’thavetosacrificeenvironmental

protection___________(promote)economicgrowth.

4.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,

happy__________(watch)anythingthathappenedtobeon.

5.Theywereverysurprised______________(inform)ofthe

news.

6.Itrainedheavilylastnight,_______(cause)floodinthecity.

Tocatch

tofeed

reducing

topromote

towatch

tobeinformed

causing

7.________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’d

betterkeepthiscardathand.

8.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriedit

on,only_______(find)itdidn’tfit.

9.Groupactivitieswillbeorganizedafterclass_________

(help)childrendevelopteamspirit.

10.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only__________(tell)that

hiswifehadlefthim.

11.Thismachineisveryeasy_________(operate).Anybody

canlearntouseitinafewminutes.

12.Wewereastonished_______(find)thetemplestillinits

originalcondition.

Tomake

tofind

tohelp

tobetold

tooperate

tofind

六、不定式作补语

跟不定式作补语的动词及动词词组：

advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,waitfor,callon,dependon

e.g.Weadvisedhim_________(drive)slowlyonthehighway.

Hewasadvised_________(drive)slowlyonthehighway.

Weadvised________(drive)slowlyinthedowntownarea.

todrive

todrive

driving

Hisparentsdon'tallowher_________(go)outatnight.

Shewasnotallowed_________(go)outatnight.

Theydon’tallow__________(smoke)intheoffice.

Theprofessorwasasked_________(give)alectureonwildlife

protection.

感官动词和使役动词后常接省to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式to不能省略。

—Didyouhearthebell_________(ring)

—Yes.Iheardit________(ring)twice.

Thenaughtyboywasmade________(read)therulesloudly.

Theguywasseen________(walk)intothebankandhelphimselftosuchalotofmoney.

togo

togo

smoking

togive

ringing

ring

toread

towalk

Jointhewordstomakesentencesusinginfinitives.Thendecidethefunctionofeachinfinitive.

He/encouragedme/participateinthesurfingcompetition.

Heencouragedmetoparticipateinthesurfing

competition.(OC)

2.Thestorm/seems/begettingcloser

Thestormseemstobegettingcloser.(P)

3.Magellan/wasthefirstperson/sailaroundtheworld

Magellanwasthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.

(Attr)

4.TheUNpeacekeepingforce/aims/maintainpeaceandprevent

armedconflicts

TheUNpeacekeepingforceaimstomaintainpeaceandprevent

armedconflicts.

5.Thecrowd/stood/applaud/scientists/fortheirimportantocean

researchwork.

Thecrowdstoodtoapplaudscientistsfortheirimportantoceanresearchwork.

6.Itisagoodidea/tax/plasticbottles/sothatpeopleusethemless.

Itisagoodideatotaxplasticbottlessothatpeopleusethemless.

Ad

0

Attr

7.TheJiaolongmannedsubmersible/issaid/beable/reach7

kmunderwater

TheJiaolongmannedsubmersibleissaidtobeabletoreach7kmunderwater.(O;O)

8.Itremains/beseen/whetherornothiscapsulecanwork.

Itremainstobeseenwhetherornothiscapsulecanwork.

(O)

ReadthebeginningofTheLittleMermaidandusetheproperformsoftheverbsinbracketstofillintheblanks.

Faroutintheocean,wherethewaterisasclearasglass,livestheSeaKing.Theoceanistoodeep_____________(measure).Wemayimaginethereisnothingexceptyellowsandunderthesea,butactuallyitisnotrare_________(see)themostuniqueflowersandplants__________(dance)inthefast-movingwater.InthedeepestspotofallstandstheSeaKing’scastle,whichhaswallsofcoralandaroof_________(form)ofbeautifulshells.Themotheroftheking,awisewomanwhoisproud__________________(be)bornintotheroyalfamily,takescareofhissixdaughters.

tomeasure

tosee

dancing

formed

tohavebeenborn

Amongthesixsea-princesses,theyoungestistheprettiest.Althoughshehasdelicateskinlikearose-leafandeyesasblueasthedeepestsea,shehasnofeetbutafishtailjustlikehersisters.Themostcommonwayfortheprincesses________(play)alldaylongis___________________(swim)inthehallsofthecastleoramongtheflowersgrowingoutofthewalls,feedingandtouchingthefish___________(swim)uptotheirhandsthroughthewindows.Theyseem_____________(notworry)aboutanything,exceptfortheyoungest,who…

toplay

toswim/swimming

swimming

nottoworry

1._________animaginarystoryoranexcitingdescriptionofan

event

2._________relatedtothekingorqueenofacountry

3._________toreachanagreementbydiscussion

4._________tostoptakingpartinanactivity

5._________tomakesomethinglongerorlarger

6._________aconnectionbetweenpeople

7._________alevelofquality,ability,etc.

8._________adeeppassageofwaterusedasarouteforships

Page28Exercise

1.Writedownthewordthatmatcheseachdefinition.

tale

royal

negotiate

extend

bond

withdraw

league

channel

1.Theircommonexperiencecreatedastrong_________betweenthem.

2.AsamajorfigureinBritishpolitics,Churchillwasina_________ofhisown.

3.Thedeadlinehasbeen________bytwodays.

4.Iamreadingabookaboutfolk_________andancientlegends.

bond

extended

tales

league

Choosetheappropriatewordsfromabovetocompletethefollowingsentences.

3.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofthephrasesinthebox.

1.HenryNormanBethunedevotedhislifeandprofessiontohelpingpeoplewithoutexpectinganything_______________.

2.LastsummerwevisitedanislandintheIndianOcean,whoserockycoastlineandlonggoldenbeacheswere________________.

3.Thetennisplayer______________severaltournamentsduetoinjury.

4.Withlotsoffoodanddrink____________,theysetofffortheirpicnic.

inreturn

asighttobehold

asighttobeholdinhandwithdrawfrominreturn

withdrewfrom

inhand

3.Completethepassagebelowwiththecorrectformsofthe

wordsinthebox.

findone’swayboredomreachoutacrossthesea

setsailformthefoundationtalemotivate

In1519,FerdinandMagellan,aPortugueseadventurer,madethefirstvoyagearoundtheworld.On14J