2023年自考类英语自考英语国家概况2010-2022历年真题选编带答案难题含解析

2023年自考类英语自考英语国家概况2010-2022历年真题选编带答案难题含解析（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共75题)1.Looselyspeaking,______werethosewhoopposedabsolutemonarchyandsupportedtherighttoreligiousfreedomforNonconformists.A.theWhigsB.theToriesC.themembersoftheLaborPartyD.themembersoftheConservativeParty2.AmongmanyoftheimportantriversintheUnitedStates,______hasbeencalled"fatherofwaters."A.theMissouriB.theMississippiC.theOhioRiverD.theColoradoRiver3.Elizabeth'srelationshipwithParliamentwasoften______.A.peacefulB.turbulentC.cooperativeD.harmonious4.______wasthefirstArchbishopofCanterburywhowasremarkablysuccessfulinconvertingtheBritishkingandthenobilitytoChristianity.A.St.PatrickB.St.AugustineC.St.PalladiusD.Ethelbert5.WhatarethereasonsfortherapidgrowthofthecommunitycollegeinAmerica?6.ThefirstsummitbetweentheUnitedStates,theSovietUnionandBritainduringWorldWarIIwasheldin______inNovember1943.A.YaltaB.CairoC.TeheranD.Potsdam7.Thestockmarketcrashof19298.Two-PartySystemofUSA9.ElectoralCollege10.WhatarethethreegiantsintheAmericanautomobileindustry?11.HowdotheNewZealandersusuallyreferthemselvesto?12.WhatwerethethreecornerstonesofAmericanpostwareconomicboom?13.ThefirstChristianChurchwasbuiltat______inEngland.A.LondonB.ManchesterC.CanterburyD.Oxford14.Whodrafted"TheDeclarationofIndependence"intheU.S.?15.theU.S.Federalsystem16.Since1945theCanadiangovernmenthasadoptedapolicyof______migrationtoCanada.A.freeB.selectedC.restrictedD.encouraging17.WhatwasthegoaloftheLondonWorkingMen'sAssociationinitsstruggle?18.babyboom19.______begantheriseoftheUnitedStatesasaworldpower.A.TheWarof1812B.TheSpanish-AmericanWarC.WorldWarⅠD.TheCivilWar20.WhatisthemajorreasonformanyearlysettlerstocometotheEnglishcoloniesinNorthAmerica?21.TheBritishuniversitiesaregovernedby______orby______andenjoyacademicfreedom.A.royalcharters,ActofParliamentB.thePeople'sCharter,theReformActof1832C.theGreatCharter,theBillofRightsD.thePetitionofRight,theTestAct22.WhenAbrahamLincolnwaselectedpresident,thesouthernstatesbrokeawayandformedanewnationcalled______.A.theConfederateUnionsB.theFederalStatesofAmericaC.theFederalUnionofAmericaD.theConfederateStatesofAmerica23.WhenandwhywastheANZUSTreatysigned?24.InBritain,thehighestjudicialappointmentsaremadebytheQueenontheadviceof______.A.theLordChancellorB.thePrimeMinisterC.theSpeakerD.theAttorneyGeneral25.AchainofmountainsrunsalmostthewholelengthofSouthIslandinNewZealand.Thehighestpeakis______.A.MtRuapehuB.MtCookC.MtNgaurohoeD.MtTongariro26.ThecentralresponsibilityofjusticeintheUnitedKingdomlieswith______,theHomeSecretaryandtheAttorneyGeneral.A.thePrimeMinisterB.theLordPresidentC.theLordChancellorD.theSovereign27.TheEnglishRenaissancewaslargely______.A.literaryB.politicalC.religiousD.philosophical28.WhichofthefollowingistheheartofIrelandingeography?______A.Alimestoneplateau.B.Bogs.C.Coastalhighlands.D.TheCentralLowland.29.TheShannonRiver______intheRepublicofIreland.A.isthemostimpressiveB.isthesecondlargestriverC.providesmuchoftheelectricpowerD.risesinthemountainsnearSligoBay30.TheU.S.systemofgovernmentisbasedon______ofpowers.A.separationB.concentrationC.centralizationD.centralcontrol31.______wasthemodernnamegiventothedeadlybubonicplague,anepidemicdiseasespreadbyratfleasinthe14thcentury.A.CholeraB.MalariaC.BlackDeathD.YellowFever32.______isanice-freeharbourandthemajorCanadianoutlettothePacificOceanandthelargestcargoportonthepacific.A.OntarioB.VancouverC.MontrealD.Saskatchewan33.Federalistsrepresentednorth-easterncommercial,bankingandtradeinterests,andadvocated______.A.astrongcentralgovernmentB.astrongstategovernmentC.theadoptionofBillofRightsD.limitsonthefederalgovernment34.AsfarasAustraliancultureisconcerned,thehistoryofAustraliacanbedividedintothefollowingphaseswiththeexceptionof______.A.theperiodoftheoriginalcultureofAboriginalpeopleB.theperiodofthedominantBritishcultureC.theperiodofAsiancultureD.theperiodofamulticulturalsociety35.IntheU.K.,thepublicareadmittedto______intheHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons.A.theStranger'sGalleriesB.theTateGalleryC.theNationalGalleryD.theStateGalleries36.WhatarethetwoofficiallanguagesusedinIreland?37.constitutionalmonarchy38.ThePrivyCouncilincludes______.A.allCabinetministersB.alltheArchbishopsinBritainC.allmembersoftheHouseofLordsD.allmembersoftheHouseofCommons39.Inthelineofsuccessiontothethrone,______haveprecedenceoverothercandidates(heirs).A.themonarch'ssonsB.thequeen'ssistersC.themonarch'sbrothersD.thequeen'sdaughters40.Today______oftheAmericanpeoplestillliveunderthepovertyline.A.noneB.fewC.someD.many41.ThesymbolswhichareassociatedwithValentine'sDayarethefollowingexcept______.A.cardsdecoratedwithheartsB.cupidarmedwithbowandarrowC.flowerstiedwithredribbonsD.toastturkey42.WhatwasthespiritofMagnaCartainrelationtotheking'spowers?43.ThehusbandofQueenElizabethⅡis______.A.PrinceAndrewB.PrincePhilipC.PrinceCharlesD.PrinceWilliam44.Morethan______ofthepopulationintheU.S.livedincityareasin1988.A.65%B.70%C.77%D.85%45.InGreatBritain,almost______ofmedicalprescriptionitemsaresuppliedfree.A.50%B.60%C.70%D.80%46.ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorldin______.A.1492B.1607C.1733D.175047.Onlyin______arepoliceofficersallowedtocarryfirearmsforpersonalprotectionandfordutypurposes.A.WalesB.EnglandC.ScotlandD.NorthernIreland48.Currentlybetween80%and90%ofimmigrantstotheU.S.arefrom______countries.A.AsianandAfricanB.EuropeanandHispanicC.AsianandHispanicD.ScandinavianandAsian49.Ofallthesymbols,______whichareconsideredtorepresentfertilityandnewlife,aremostfrequentlyassociatedwithEaster.A.thelambandthebeefB.theeggandthehareC.thepumpkinandtheturkeyD.thespringpeasandboxofchocolate50.ThesunniesttowninNewZealandis______.A.NelsonB.ManawatuC.WaitakeiD.Christchurch51.Irelandisdividedintotwopoliticalunits.Theyare______.A.NorthernIrelandandWalesB.WalesandScotlandC.NorthernIrelandandtheRepublicofIrelandD.ScotlandandEngland52.WhatwastheconsequenceofthetheAnglo-IrishTreatyof1921?53.WhichofthefollowingisnotconcernedwithEaster?A.EastercelebratestheResurrectionofChrist.B.EasterisonthefirstSundayafterthefirstfullmoonthatcoincideswithorcomesafterthespringequinox.C.OnEaster,peopleexchangepresentsandgreetingcards.D.EasteristraditionallyassociatedwiththeeatingofEastereggs.54.By1900therewere______milesofrailroadintheUnitedStates.A.10000B.100000C.193000D.29000055.TheBlackDeathsweptthroughEnglandonthesummerof______withoutwarning.A.1348B.1347C.1350D.135156.AtthebeginningoftheGreatDepression,thefirstblowtothestockmarketcameon______,1929,calledtheblackThursday.A.October24B.October25C.November24D.November2557.ThecommunitycollegesintheU.S.havethefollowingmainfunctionsEXCEPT______.A.toresearchandofferpublicserviceB.topreparestudentsfortransferringtoaB.A.programC.toprovidevocationaltrainingfortheworkingpeopleD.toproviderecreationalandculturalactivitiesforadults58.______,thesecondlargestcityofCanada,islocatedinQuebec.A.MontrealB.VancouverC.TorontoD.Ottawa59.WhenJohnCabotdiscoveredNewfoundlandandtheeastcoastofCanadain1497,hethoughthehadreached______.A.IndiaB.northeastChinaC.MexicoD.eastChina60.theBlackDeath61.TheReformActof1832wasalsocalled______whichabolished"rottenboroughs".A.theElectionActof1832B.theGreaterCharterof1832C.thepetitionofRightD.theAnti-CorruptionAct62.The"firstAmericans"were______.A.theAsiansB.theAfricansC.theIndiansD.theEuropeans63.WhatistheAmericantraditionoflaissezfaire?64.In1962,President______finallydecidedontheuseofnavalforcetopreventmilitarymaterialandarmsfromenteringCubaanddemandedSovietremovalofthemissilesthere.A.NixonB.TrumanC.JohnsonD.Kennedy65.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutNewYear'sDayisnottrue?A.IntheU.S.itisanationallyobservedholiday.B.ItisthoughtofasagoodtimetomaketheNewYeardecisions.C.Mostpeopleliketoholdbigpartiesandmakepumpkinlanternsonthatday.D.Thecelebrationofthisholidaybeginsthenightbefore-onNewYear'sEve.66.Fulltimefirst-degreeuniversitycoursesusuallylast______inEngland.

A.2yearsB.3yearsC.4yearsD.5years67.WhyisWinnipegcalledtheChicagoofCanada?68.AtChristmas,thehomeisdecoratedwiththefollowingexcept______.A.colorfulpaperchainsB.leavesofhollyandmistletoeC.ayoungfir-treeD.firecrackers69.FormaleducationintheUnitedStatesconsistsof______.A.kindergarten,juniorandsenioreducationB.junior,elementaryandsecondaryeducationC.elementary,secondaryandhighereducationD.kindergarten,secondaryandhighereducation70.IntheUnitedStates,the"winner-take-all"systemappliesto______.A.allthestatesB.amajorityofthestatesC.allstatesexceptMaineD.onlyMaine71.Canadaismadeupof______provincesand______territories.A.8,2B.9,2C.10,2D.10,372.QueenTudorMaryhasbeenknownas"BloodyMary"becauseunderherreign______.A.aseriesofbloodywarswerefoughtB.about300ProtestantswereburntashereticsC.manyrebelpeasantswereputtodeathD.manyprotesterswerekilled73.InBritain,whatdoesBBCstandfor?74.ThelastbattleoftheWarsofRoseswasat______in1485.A.HastingsB.BosworthFieldC.NasebyD.Oxford75.Canadahasadmittedover______immigrantssinceConfederationin1867andapproximately______sincetheendofWWⅡ.A.10million,4millionB.10million,4.5millionC.11million,4millionD.11million,4.5million第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：A[解析]辉格党和托利党这两个政党名称皆起源于1688年的光荣革命，都是以绰号命名。辉格是对牧牛人的贬称，而托利在爱尔兰语里是歹徒的意思。泛泛而言，辉格党人是指那些反对绝对王权、支持新教徒享有宗教自由权利的人们。托利党人是指那些支持世袭王权、不愿去掉国王的人。辉格党人在19世纪中叶与政见不同的托利党人结盟组成自由党。托利党为保守党的前身，至今保守党还保留托利党这个绰号。2.参考答案：B[考点]Land

[解析]密西西比河，世界第四长河，也是北美洲流程最长、流域面积最广、水量最大的河流。又被称作“父河”、“大河”、“老人河”。3.参考答案：B[解析]伊丽莎白与议会的关系经常动荡不安。4.参考答案：B[解析]公元579年，圣·奥古斯丁成为第一位坎特伯雷大主教。奥古斯丁在使国王和贵族皈依基督徒方面很成功。5.参考答案：Thereasonsaretheiropenadmissionpolicies,cheaptuitionandfees,convenientlocationandflexiblecurriculumstructuresandavilabilityoffinancialaidthroughgovernmentloansandgrantsandprivatescholarships.6.参考答案：C[解析]美国、苏联和英国的首脑在战争期间共会晤了三次。第一次首脑会议于1943年11月在德黑兰举行。7.参考答案：Thestockmarketcrashof1929:OnOct.24,1929tensofmillionsofsharesweredumpedonthestockmarket,drivingdownthesharepricesandwipingoutbillionsofdollarsofpaperprofits.Thestockmarketcrashwasthebeginningofalongeconomicdepression.8.参考答案：Americahasatwo-partysystem.Thismeansthattwomajorpoliticalparties-nowDemocratsandtheRepublicans—dominatepoliticsatthefederal,stateandlocallevels.9.参考答案：ElectoralCollege:IntheUSA,theelectorsofall50statesandtheDistrictofColumbia—atotalof538persons—comprisewhatisknownastheElectoralCollege.Tobesuccessful,acandidateforthePresidencymustreceive270votes.10.参考答案：ThethreegiantsareGeneralMotors,Ford,andChrysler.11.参考答案：Theyrefertothemselvesaskiwis.12.参考答案：Theyweretheautomobile,housing,anddefenseindustries.13.参考答案：C[解析]公元579年圣·奥古斯丁成为坎特伯雷大主教，也就是说第一个基督教堂建立在坎特伯雷。14.参考答案：HewasThomasJefferson.15.参考答案：TheU.S.Constitutionsetsupafederalsystemofgovernmentwhichhastwolayersofrule.Thereiscentralorfederalgovernmentforthenationwhichalonehasthepowertoanswerquestionsthataffectthenationasawhole.Therearealsostateandlocalgovernments.EachlayerofgovernmenthasseparateanddistinctpowerslaiddownintheConstitution.16.参考答案：D[解析]本题主要考查的知识点是加拿大的移民政策。自1867年的联邦制以来，加拿大的移民政策发生了很大的变化。它经历了自由移民(1867—1896)到选择性移民(1896—1914)，再到限制性移民(1914—1945)。自1945年以来，加拿大政府采取鼓励移民的政策。17.参考答案：Itaimed"toseekbyeverylegalmeanstoplaceallclassesofsocietyinpossessionofequalpoliticalandsocialrights".18.参考答案：babyboom:Babyboomreferstothegreatincreaseofbirthratebetween1946and1964.Peopleborninthisperiodarecalledbabyboomers.19.参考答案：B[考点]History(Ⅰ)(1492-1900)

[解析]美西战争开始了美国作为世界强国的崛起。20.参考答案：ManyearlysettlerscametotheEnglishcoloniesinsearchofreligiousfreedom.21.参考答案：A[解析]英国的大学依照皇家特许状或议会法进行管理并享有学术自由。22.参考答案：D[解析]WhenAbrahamLincolnwaselectedpresident,thesouthernstatesbrokeawayandformedanewnation,theConfederateStatesofAmerica.亚伯拉罕·林肯当选总统后，南方诸州退出了联邦，成立了一个新的国家一一美利坚联盟。23.参考答案：TheANZUSTreatywassignedin1951byAustralia,NewZealand,andtheUnitedStatesinordertocreateaPacificdefensealliance.[考点]Australia(Ⅱ)History,GovernmentandEconomy24.参考答案：B[解析]在英国，最高级别的司法官任命由女王根据首相的建议做出。25.参考答案：B[解析]新西兰一连串的山脉几乎绵亘了整个南岛，最高峰为库克山。26.参考答案：C[解析]本题主要考查的知识点是英国的司法。英国没有司法部门，司法职权主要由大法官、内政大臣和检察总长行使。27.参考答案：A28.参考答案：D[解析]中部低地是爱尔兰的心脏。29.参考答案：C30.参考答案：A[解析]在美国，宪法的制定者们想确保新政府不滥用自己的权力。如果新联邦政府要强有力，就必须有保证措施，这种保证措施以分权制的形式出现。政府分为三部分：立法、行政和执法。每个部门只有部分权力而不是全部权力，每个政府部门都可以制止或阻止其他部门的行为。三个部门就这样相互均衡了。这就被称为“均衡制。”31.参考答案：C[解析]BlackDeathwasthemodernnamegiventothedeadlybubonicplague,anepidemicdiseasespreadbyratfleasinthe14thcentury.黑死病是对由老鼠身上的跳蚤传播的致命的淋巴腺鼠疫引起的传染性疾病的现代称谓。32.参考答案：B[解析]温哥华是不列颠哥伦比亚省的最大城市，也是加拿大的第三大城市，它是一个极为重要的不冻港，而且也是加拿大到太平洋的主要通道及太平洋沿岸最大的货运港口。33.参考答案：A[解析]联邦派代表东北部的商业、金融和贸易利益集团并倡导建立强大的中央政府。34.参考答案：C[解析]本题主要考查的知识点是澳大利亚的文化发展阶段。就澳大利亚文化来说，澳大利亚的历史可分为几个主要阶段：澳大利亚土著人的土著文化时期，主导文化时期，少数民族文化的成长时期，多元文化社会的出现和建立时期。35.参考答案：A[解析]在英国，公众可以到上下议院的公众旁听席旁听议会辩论。36.参考答案：TheyareIrish(orGaelic)andEnglish.37.参考答案：Constitationalmonarchy:Aconstitutionalmonarchyisacountryinwhichtheheadofthestateisakingoraqueen.Inpractice,theSovereignreigns,butdoesnotrule.38.参考答案：A[解析]枢密院原是政府行政权力的主要源泉，权力一直很大，直到18世纪大部分工作被内阁接替为止。成员包括所有内阁成员，下议院议长，坎特伯雷和约克大主教，英国和英联邦的高级政治家们。39.参考答案：A[解析]继位以世袭原则为基础，继承王位时君主的儿子优先于女儿。40.参考答案：D41.参考答案：D[解析]人们普遍赠送装饰有两颗心和鲜花的卡片表达爱情。有时他把爱情信息放在一个心形的巧克力盒子里，或者放在用红丝带系好的一束鲜花里。糖果、香水、珠宝或是带有心形和弓箭武装起来的丘比特(罗马爱神)的图片也可以用来表达爱情。42.参考答案：ThespiritofMagnaCartawasthelimitationoftheking'spowers,keepingthemwithintheboundsofthefeudallawoftheland.[考点]TheShapingoftheNation(1066-1381)43.参考答案：B[解析]伊丽莎白女王二世，出生于1926年4月21日，1947年11月20日与爱丁堡公爵菲力普王子结婚。44.参考答案：C[解析]1988年美国77%的人口居住在283个城市里，有21个城市的人口超过200万。45.参考答案：D[解析]英国被认为是福利国家。它的国民保健度为每个居民提供全面医疗服务。药单上的药品约80%是免费供应。46.参考答案：A[解析]1492年，意大利海员克里斯托夫·哥伦布率船员横渡大洋来到现在的西印度洋的一些小岛上。他认为自己已经到了印度，而并不知道他已经发现了一个新大陆。47.参考答案：D[解析]InNorthernIrelandpoliceofficersareissuedwithfirearmsforpersonalprotectionandotherfirearmsareavailablefordutypurposes.在北爱尔兰，警察带枪作为个人保护之用，执行任务时再发给其他武器。48.参考答案：C[解析]现在80%到90%的美国移民来自亚洲和拉丁美洲的国家。49.参考答案：B[解析]复活节有几个象征物。其中，被认为代表多产和新生活的鸡蛋和野兔最容易与复活节联系起来的。美国的孩子们听说，复活节的兔子带着篮子，所以他们也提着篮子去寻找藏在草地，树丛或树枝上的彩蛋。每年的复活节在白宫草坪上举行滚彩蛋活动，它是殖民者最初的复活节传统。50.参考答案：A[解析]新西兰阳光最充足的城镇是纳尔逊。51.参考答案：C[解析]爱尔兰分为两个政治区域：北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国。52.参考答案：Violentoppositiontothetreatybyultranationalistsledtoacivilwar.53.参考答案：C[解析]复活节是基督教的主要节日，庆祝基督复活。在第一次月圆后的第一个星期日，刚好在春分时或春分后(3月21日)