2022届高三英语复习之情态动词印刷版

2022届高三英语复习之情态动词与虚拟语气定稿【预备思考】1.情态动词的基本用法及在一般疑问句中的问与答;2.情态动词表猜测的用法;3.情态动词加完成式的用法;4.will与shall的用法;must,should,can5.情态动词usedto/haveto的用法以及与反意疑问句的结合;和need的用法I.can/could与beabletoA.can/could只有现在时和过去时两种形式;beableto却有各种时态形式①Shecandancenow,butshecouldn’ttwoweeksago.②ShewasabletospeakEnglishatschoolandnowsheisabletospeakJapaneseaswell.③SheisstudyingathirdforeignlanguageandshewillbeabletospeakGermansoon.④Noonehaseverbeenabletodoit.从来没有人能够做这种事。⑤Acomputer________thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.(1991)A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot⑥---Willyoustayforlunch?---Sorry,Ibrotheriscomingtoseeme.(1999)mustn’tcan’tneedn’twait⑦Youdon’thavetoknowthenameoftheauthortofindabook.You____findthebookbythetitle.（08湖南）A.mustB.needC.canD.wouldeq\o\ac(○,8)Aleftluggageofficeisaplacewherebags________beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A．shouldB．can C．must D．will[03北京]eq\o\ac(○,9)----What'sthename?----Khulaifi._______Ispellthatforyou(06北京)A.ShallB.WouldC.CanD.Mighteq\o\ac(○,10)Youknowheisnotgoingtoletusleaveearlyifwe_____gettheworkdone.(06上海春A)A.can'tB.maynotC.shouldn'tD.mustn'teq\o\ac(○,11)Wehopethatasmanypeopleaspossible_______joinusforthepicnictomorrow.(06全国2)A.needB.mustC.shouldD.caneq\o\ac(○,12)Thebiggestproblemformostplants,which_______justgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.[2022湖南卷]A.shan’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t[Key:5—12ABCBCADB]B.can/could只表示具有做某事的能力,但究竟做没做,不知道;即：抽象地谈论某人的能力。beableto表示设法做成了某事,包含managetodosth.或succeedindoingsth.的意思.是具体地表达某人做某事件（尤其是做过某事）的能力。①Althoughthedriverwasbadlyhurt,hecouldⅹ/wasabletoexplainwhathadhappened.②Hecouldⅹ/wasableto√/managedto√walk50milesadaylastweek.(用could错.这里表具体做某事的能力)③Hewasaterrificliar;hewasabletoⅹ/could√makeanybodybelievehim.他是个撒谎大王,能让任何人相信他。（他已经具有那种能力去骗人，没有具体谈到他如何去骗人的过程，所以用beableto不对）④Hetalkedforalongtime,andintheendhewasableto/couldⅹmakemebelievehim.⑤Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryone___getout.A.couldB.wasabletoC.wouldD.couldbeableto⑥Italkedforalongtime,andintheendI___makeherbelieveme.A.wasabletoB.couldC.canD.should[Key:5—6BA]C.在口语中can可以代替may表示许可，而may较正式。①May/CanIcomein?②May/Canwesithere?Dcould可以代替can用于现在时间的动作，表示语气较为委婉，常用于第二人称的疑问句.肯定回答是用can.①---Can/CouldIgonow?---Yes,youcan[couldⅹ]./No,youcan’t.②---CouldIborrowyourdictionary?---Yes,ofcourseyou___.A.couldB.canC.shouldD.will[Key:B]E.表示可能性或猜测（只用于疑问句和否定句中）①Canitraintoday?今天有可能下雨吗？②Ithoughtthestoryshetoldcouldnotbetrue.我想他讲的故事不可能是真的。③--Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?---No,it______behim---I’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.(04全国Ⅰ)A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot④You______behungryalready—youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!（2022浙江）A.wouldn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t⑤There'snolighton——they______beathome.(06全国I)A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't⑥Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe_______sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty(06福建)A.couldn'tB.shouldn'tC.can'tD.mightnot⑦--IsJackondutytoday---It________behim.It'shisturntomorrow.(06四川)A.mustn'tB.won'tC.can'tD.needn'teq\o\ac(○,8)---Isn'tthatAnn'shusbandoverthere.---No,it______behim—I'msurehedoesn'twearglasses.(04全国I)A.can'tBmustnotCwon'tD.maynoteq\o\ac(○,9)You_______betired—you'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.(2022全国II)A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD.maynoteq\o\ac(○,10)---Mum,I'vebeenstudyingEnglishsince8o'clock.________IgooutandplaywithTomforawhile---No,I'mafraidnot.Besides,it'srainingoutsidenow.(2022辽宁)A.Can'tB.Wouldn'tC.MaynotD.Won't[Key;3—10ABACCACA]有时也可用于肯定句，但表示一时的可能性：“有时候会”。①Peter______bereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe'sanicepersoningeneral.（2022辽宁）A.shall B.should C.can D.must②TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit__beveryslow.[05浙江] A．shouldB．mustC．willD．can③You_______beright,butIdon’tthinkyouare.A.can

B.could

C.must

D.should④ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit_______berathercoldsometimes.(2022福建).A.mustB.canC.shouldD.wouldKey:CDBBF.表示惊异或困惑。①.Whatonearthcanthismean?这到底是怎么回事？②Whatcanwedoaboutit?我们还会有什么办法呢？③How___yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?A．can B．mustC．needD．may[03上海]④Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How______itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony？(2022上海春)A.canB.shouldC.mayD.mustKey:AA※【关于cannot/cannever...too...】Cannot/cannever...too...（固定结构）表示“无论怎么……也不算过分”、“越……越好”、“要格外……”、“应该特别……”等意思。表示此意的结构有下列几种：1.cannot+动词+too+形容词或副词，例如：①Wecannotbetoocarefulindoingexperiments.我们做实验时越仔细越好。②Icannotthankyoutoomuch.我无论怎么感谢你也不过分。③Drinkingwatercanneverbetooclean饮用水越干净越好。④Awifecannevercomplaintoomuch.妻子怎么罗嗦也不为过。⑤Wecannotrecommendthisbooktoostrongly.这本书很好,无论我们如何推荐也不过分.⑥Youcan'tbetoocarefulindongthisexperiment.在做这个实验时,你们愈仔细愈好.⑦Onecannotbetoocarefulinmatterslikethat.人们在处理这种事情时必须非常慎重.2.cannot+over--动词/cannot+be+over--形容词，例如：①Wecannotoveremphasizetheimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.…再怎么强调学外语的重要性也不过分。②Wecannotbeovervigilant.我们应该特别警惕。3.cannot+动词+toomuch（muchenough）:例如：①Wecannotpraisehimtoomuch.我们无论怎样表扬他也不算过分。②Heisveryreliable.Youcan'ttrusthimtoomuch（muchenough）.他很可靠，他是你最值得信赖的人。③Icanneverthankyoutoomuch：感激不尽。4.cannot+动词+形容词或副词+enough在“cannot…too…”结构中的too可换成enough,sufficient或sufficiently;not也可换成never,hardly，scarcely等否定词。例如：①Youcanneverbestrongenough.强壮的身体有百利而无一害。②Drinkingwatercanneverbepureenough.饮用水越纯越好。③Icouldn'tgethomefastenough.我恨不得马上回到家里.④Youcannottakesufficientcare.你要特别小心.5.cannot+动词+toomany+可数名词/toomuch+不可数名词，例如：①Ithinkitrightthatonecannotlearntoomuchknowledge.我认为一个人的知识愈多愈好。②Itiswrongtothinkthatonecannotbeartoomanychildren.认为一个人孩子生得愈多愈好是错误的。③Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.再多的领带对一个男人来说也不为过。④Awomancan'thavetoomanyhats.女人有多少帽子也不嫌多。⑤Nomancanhavetoomanyfriends.朋友愈多愈好.6.Itisimpossible（difficult）to…too…=cannot…too…，例如：It’simpossibletoemphasizethispointtoomuch.=Onecannotemphasizethispointtoomuch.要特别强调这一点。【与cannot…too…相似的结构】：1.cannothelp+doing：该结构意为“禁不住做……”、“忍不住干……”，指“身不由己地去做某事”。例如：①WecouldnothelpthinkingwhenwesawtheGreatWallinChina.看到中国的长城，我们不禁浮想联翩。②Icouldn'thelpcryingwhenIheardthebadnews.听到那不幸的消息，我忍不住大哭起来。“cannothelpbutdosth.”也表示“不得不、忍不住……”。例如：①Wecouldnothelpbutwalkfromdawntodusk.我们不得不从黎明走到黄昏。②Hearingtheinspiringnews，wecouldn'thelpbutcheer.听到这个鼓舞人心的消息，我们不禁欢呼起来。2.cannotbutdosth：该结构表示“不得不……”。例如：①Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.我不得不钦佩他的勇气。②Icouldn'tbutlaughonreadingsuchafunnyjoke.读到如此滑稽的笑话，我忍不住笑了。在上面句式里，可以说cannot后面省略了doanything.例如：Theprisonercouldnot（doanything）buthandinhisknife.那个犯人不得不交出刀子。canbutdosth.表示“只得做某事”。例如：Theboymadeanapologytohisteacher，sotheteachercouldbutgiveuptheideaofpunishinghim.那男孩向老师道了歉，老师只得打消惩罚他的念头。类似这一结构的cannotchoosebuttosth也表示“不得不……”、“只得……”。例如：Itrainedhard，sotheycouldn'tchoosebutstayathome.雨下得很大，他们只得呆在家里【高考典题】---Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden，acarcutinandknockedmedown.---Youcanneverbe________carefulinthestreet.(2022北京春）A.muchB.veryC.soD.tooII.may与might的用法区别一、表示允许注意以下两种情况。如：1.表示请求允许(即请求别人允许自己做某事)，两者都可用，只是might表示的语气较委婉(但并不表示过去)。如：①May/MightIsithere?我可以坐在这里吗?②IwonderifImightaskyouafavor?不知能否请你帮个忙?③I’dliketoaskaquestionifImay.如果可以的话，我想提个问题。④----___Istophere,sir?----No.Goontothenextparagraph,please.Key:BA.WillB.MayC.WouldD.Ought2.表示给予允许(即自己允许别人做某事)，通常要用may而不用might。如：①Youmaycomeinnow.你现在可以进来了。②Youmaynottellhimthis.你不可以告诉他这件事。体会以下对话的问句与答句。如：---May/MightIstay?我可以留下吗?(表请求，可用两者)---Yes,youmay.可以。(表允许，不能用might)[注]：在通常情况下，may表示允许(请求允许或给予允许)时，总是针对“现在”或“将来”而言，若要表示已经给予或已经存在的允许，则通常不用may，而用can。如：①Nowadays,childrencandowhattheylike.现在小孩子喜欢干什么就可以干什么②It’sunfair.HecanstayandIhavetoleave.这不公平，他可以留下，而我却得离开。[例外情况]:might用于间接引语和may用于否定句表示禁止。如：①HesaidthatImightborrowhiscar.他说我可以用他的车。②Visitorsmaynot(=mustnot)feedtheanimals.参观者不得给动物喂食。二、表示推测:两者都可用，只是might比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。1.在句型使用方面：两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑问句时，may通常不用于句首，但可用于疑问句的句中(如特殊疑问句等)，而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首，但不算普通，通常会改用其他句式(如用could等)：①Hemay/mightknowtheanswer.他可能知道答案。②Doyouthinkhemay[might]notbeabletopay?你认为他可能会付不起钱吗？③Might/CouldIaskaquestion?我能问一个问题吗?④Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers_______notlikethedesignofthefurniture.(2022上海春)A.mustB.shallC.mayD.need⑤----Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummer---Sorry,Iamnotsure.Butit___________be.(2022湖北)A.mightB.willC.mustD.can⑥Althoughthis___soundlikeasimpletask,greatcareisneeded.（2022四川）A.must B.may C.shall D.should⑦---IsJohncomingbytrain.----Heshould,buthe________not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.(2022)A.mustB.canC.needD.mayKey:4—7CABD2.在用法方面注意以下几点。如：①后接动词原形，表示对现在或将来的推测。如：Youmay/mightberight.你可能是对的。Hemay/mighttellhiswifetomorrow.明天他也许会告诉他妻子。②后接动词进行式，表示动作正在进行或将要发生。如：Hemay/mightbewritingaletter.他可能在写信。Theymay/mightbegoingabroadnextmonth.他们可能在下个月出国。③后接动词完成式，表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测。如：Shemay/mighthavereaditinthepapers.她可能在报上已读到过此事。Hemay/mighthavegonetohavehishaircut.他可能理发去了。【注意】：might后接动词的完成式，即mighthavedone，除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下用法(不用may)。如：①表示过去某事可能发生而实际上却并没发生：Alotofmendiedwhomighthavebeensaved．很多人本来可以获救的却死了。Itwasreallyverydangerous.Imighthavekilledmyself.那真的是太危险了，我差点没命了。②表示委婉的批评或责备。如：a.Youmighthavemadegreaterprogress.你的进步本来可更大一些的。b.Youmightatleasthaveansweredmyletter.你至少可以回我一封信嘛。三、如何加强推测的语气【maywell和mayaswell】若要加强推测的语气，表示较大的可能性，可在may,might后加副词well：maywell+动词原形：意思是“完全能，很可能”，相当于tobelikelyto.①Hemaywellbeproudofhisdaughter.他大可为他女儿感到骄傲自豪。②Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizedher.她模样变化太大，你很可能认不出她来了。③Youmaywellberight.你很可能是对的。④Thatmaywellhavebeentheirintention．这很可能是他们的意图。④Liza______wellnotwanttogoonthetrip---shehatestraveling.（2022全国IID）A.will B.can C.must D.may【may/might(just)aswell+V.】“最好，倒不如，不妨,还是…为好”。用might比用may语气更委婉。如：①I’mready，soImightaswellgonow．我已准备好，因此不妨现在就走。②There’snothingtodo,soImay/mightaswellgotobed.既然没什么事可做，我还是去睡觉为好。③Wemayaswellstaywhereweare.我们留在现在的地方倒也不错④Youmayaswelldoitatonce.你最好马上做这件事。[注]：mightaswell还可用于指过去的情况或用于比较两个令人不愉快的情况：Thisholidayisn’tmuchfun;wemightaswellbebackhome.这个假日过得真没意思，我们还不如呆在家里。①---AreyoucomingtoJeff'sparty.---I'mnotsure.I_____gototheconcertinstead.(2000)A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might②Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers______notlikethedesignofthefurniture.(2022上海春)A.mustB.shallC.mayD.needKey:DC四、may用于表示祝愿主要用于正式场合或书面语中。如：①Mayyoubehappy!祝你幸福!②MayGodblessyou!愿上帝保佑你!五.can/could与may/might表许可的区别表示许可或向对方提出请求时,“可以”的意思。can/could常用在非正式场合,更口语化;而may/might常用于比较正式的场合;当然,could比can更委婉,might比may更客气.①Youmaygonow.②Can/CouldIborrowyourreferencebooks?③Youcansmokeintheentrancehall.④----MayIuseyourcomputer?----Yes,goahead./Yes,youcan对may/might问句的否定回答,可以用maynot.但表示“不可以”、“禁止”时，要使用can’t/mustn’t.例如：④---MayItakethisbookout?----Yes,youmay.(是的，可以)No,youcan’t/mustn’t.（不，不行）（语气相当肯定）---No,You’dbetternot.⑤----Ihearyou'vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoins.______Ihavealook.---Yes,certainly.(2022北京春B)A.DoB.MayC.ShallC.ShouldIII.must与havetoA.表示“必须应该”,否定式为mustnot(mustn’t)(表示不应该不许可不准禁止等).在回答must的提问时，否定式用neednot(needn’t)或don’thaveto（表示“不必”），而不用mustnot（表示不可以）。.Everybodymustobeytherules.--MustIhandinmyexercisesnow?---Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t/No,youdon’thaveto.①----MustIfinishtheworkbeforefiveo'clock?----No,you________.(2022四川)A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.havetoD.can't②----_______Icomebackbeforefiveo'clock?----No,you__________.Butyou_________bebacklaterthanseveno'clock.A.Need;must;mustn'tB.May;mustn't;can'tC.Can;can't;can'tD.Must;needn't;can't③----MustIcleantheroomrightnow?----No,you_________.You__________cleanitafterlunch.A.needn't;canB.needn't;mayC.mustn't;canD.mustn't;may④--Musthecometosignthispaperhimself--Yes,he__________.(06广东卷)A.needB.mustC.mayD.will⑤Someaspectsofapilot'sjob_____beboring,andpilotsoften_____workatinconvenienthours.(06湖南)A.can;havetoB.may;canC.haveto;mayD.oughtto;must⑥---Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?----You______doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.[2022重庆卷]A.don’thaveto B.oughtn’tto C.mustn’t D.can’t⑦Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,you___takecareofyourluggage.[2022北京卷]A.canB.mayC.mustD.will【Key:ADBBAAC】表示“不许可，禁止”:①Youmustn’tplayinthestreet.②Youmustn’tsmokeintheclassroom.注意：否定形式mustn’t和don’thaveto(haven’tgotto)意思极不相同。①Youmustn’ttellJenny.=Don’ttellJenny.你一定不要告诉Jenny.②Youdon’thavetotellJenny.=Youcanifyoulikebutitisn’tnecessary.你不一定要告诉Jenny.③WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatI______playwithmatches.(2022上海春C)A.wouldn’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.daren’t高考考查must表示义务的用法:must意为"必须","应该",表示必须要做的事,其否定式mustn't表示禁止,即不许对方做某事。①----MayIgotothecinema,Mum？----Certainly.Butyou______bebackby11o'clock.(2022安徽)A.canB.mayC.mustD.need②---SARSissuchaterribledisease.---Yes,itis.We_______bemorecareful.(2022浙江嘉兴)A.canB.mayC.mustD.need③Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish_______intotheriver.(2022重庆)A.needn'tbethrownB.mustn'tbethrownC.can'tthrowD.maynotthrow④Thesebooks_______outofthereadingroom.Youhavetoreadthemhere.(2022辽宁)A.can'ttakeB.mustbetakenC.cantakeD.mustn'tbetaken⑤Cars,busesandbikes_______stopwhentrafficlightschangetored.(2022上海)A.canB.mayC.mustD.need⑥Johnny,you___playwiththeknife,you________hurtyourself.(1996)A.won’t,can’tB.mustn’t,mayC.shouldn’t,mustD.can’t,shouldn’t⑦----Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?----You________doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.[2022重庆]A.don'thaveto

B.oughtn'tto

C.mustn't

D.can't

Answers:1—7CCBDCBAB.考查must和haveto表”必须”的用法区别：must表示说话人的主观看法和意志,而haveto强调客观因素所造成结果,意思是"不得不，必须"。例如:①Englishisveryimportantandwemusttryourbesttolearnitwell.②Thelastbushasgone,sowehavetogobackhomeonfoot.【比较】:Imuststopsmoking.(主观看法)Ihavetostopsmoking.(客观需要)①.---Canyougoswimmingwithusthisafternoon?----Sorry,Ican't.I________takecareofmylittlesisterathomebecausemymotherisill.(2022南京D)A.canB.mayC.wouldD.havetoC.must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”①Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?你非的弄出这么大声吗？②Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegoout.②John,lookatthetime._______youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour？(2022全国Ⅲ)A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Need③Tom,you_________leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis！(2022全国II)A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot④---CouldIhaveawordwithyou,mum.---Ohdear,ifyou______.(06浙江卷)A.canB.mustC.mayD.should⑤----MayIsmokehere----Ifyou________,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.(06山东卷)A.shouldB.couldC.mayD.must⑥---Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere.----Well,ifyou________know,hernameisMabel.(2022天津)A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall【Key:2---6ABBDC】D.考查must表示推测的用法。must意为"一定","肯定，必定",表示可能性很大,只用于肯定句,在否定句中要用can't,表示"不可能"。例如:①Theremustbeaticketleft.②Hemustbeintheclassroom.(对现在事情的猜测)(must+V.)③Shemustbedoingherhomeworkintheclassroom.(对正在进行的事情猜测）(mustbe+doingsth.)④Hemusthavetoldyouaboutit.(must+havedonesth.)他一定与你谈过这件事情了。⑤Susan'sparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.It_______beveryexpensive.(2022上海)A.mustB.canC.mustn'tD.can't⑥Thisbook________Lucy's.Look!Hernameisonthebookcover.(2022河南)A.mustbeB.maybeC.can'tbeD.mustn'tbe[Answers:5—6AA]E.【注意】:Must没有过去式,讲过去做某事一般要用hadto表达,但若是间接引语,也可以用must.a.WhenIwasyourage,Ihadtogetupat5everymorning.b.Itoldhershemustmakeadecision.(间接引语)IV.will/would的用法1.用于各种人称,表示意愿或决心.如:will表示现在的意愿或决心①“IwilllandyousafeinLiverpool,”hecried,“ifyouwillstaystrongandfirmwithme.”②Iwilldoasyousay.我一定按照你说的去做。③Supposehewillnotgowithme,whatcanIdo?假如他不愿和我一起去，我该怎么办呢？④We’llpaybackthemoneysoon.不久，我们会还钱的。would表示过去的意志和决心。①.Hewouldneveragreetothat.他决不会同意那事。②.Histheorywassoadvancedthatfewpeoplewouldacceptit.他的理论是那么高深，以至于没有几个人愿意接受。2.用于第二人称的疑问句,表说话人对对方的请求,would的语气较will婉转.①Wouldyouteachushowtodriveacar?②Willyouhelpmefixupthiscamp?和would分别用来表现在或过去的习惯性,经常性的动作或状态.①Theoldmanwillsitunderthebigtreeforhourseveryevening.②Waterwillboilat100℃.③Boyswillbeboys.④He’sstrange-----he_______sitforhourswithoutsayinganything.A.shallB.willC.canD.mustwould后面要接表示动作的动词，不能接表示认识或状态的词d.HewouldcometoseemeonSundaywhenhewasinBeijing.e.Oftenatnightshewouldhearalonglowwhistleandsoundofametallicnoise.f.Whenwewereatmiddleschool,wewouldgoswimminginwinter.注意：usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态，强调现在已不存在。Peopleusedtothinkthatthesunwentroundtheearth.以前人们总是认为太阳是围绕地球转的。（现在人们已不再认为是这样了。）not或wouldnot和一些主动语态的动词连用,表示”怎么也不”的意思.Hanktriedthedooragain,butitwouldn’tmove.&would也可以表示猜测。【见表猜测一栏】V．Shall的用法【过去式should；shallnot的缩写为shan't】1.助动词：表示单纯的将来，用于第一人称，第二人称只用于问句中。美国人常用will代替.口语中可缩写为'll将要；会：①WeshallreachYeantomorrow．明天我们将到达延安．②I'llbetwentynextmonth．到下月我将满二十岁。③I'mafraidIshan'tbeabletocome．我恐怕不能来．④Shallwebebackintime?我们会及时回来吗。⑤Shallyoubefreetonight?今天晚上你空吗?2.表示说话者的意图、允诺、告诫、警告、命令、决心、规定、必然性等，用于陈述句的第二、第三人称中]必须，应，可：①Youwantedjustice,soyoushallgetjustice,morethanyouwanted.(允诺)Youshallheareverythingassoonasyoucome.你一来就可听到所有情况了。(表允诺)②Youshallsufferforthis.你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)③Eachcompetitorshallwearanumber.每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(表规定)④Youshallbesorryforwhatyouhavedone,Itellyou.(警告)⑤Sheshalldoit,whethershewillornot.她必须做这件事，不管她是否愿意。(强制)⑥Whenshecomes,nobodyshallsayaword.(命令)⑦Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan.(决心)eq\o\ac(○,8)Youshallnotleaveyourpost．你不得离开岗位。/No,heshan'tgo．不，他不能去．【高考链接】①Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_________remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.(2022上海)A.canB.willC.mayD.shall②Theinterest_________bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.(2022重庆)A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall③----Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.---You__________havemycomputerifyoudon'ttakecareofit.(2022湖南A)A.shan'tB.mightnotC.needn'tD.shouldn't④---Mikeisoftenabsentfromclass.----Tellhimhe_______answerforitifhegoesonbehavinglikethat.A.shall

B.will

C.would

D.can⑤---Ipromisethatshe_______getanicepresentonherbirthday.---Willitbeagreatsurprisetoher?A.should

B.mustC.would

D.shall---Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?----“Noperson______smokeorcarryalightedcigarette，cigarorpipeinthisarea．”[2022四川卷]A．will B．may C．shall D.must[Key:1---5DDAAD]3．在条约、规章、法令等文件中表示必须遵守规定的内容或规定。一般用于第三人称)应，必须：①TheNationalPartyCongressshallbeconvenedeveryfiveyears．党的全国代表大会每五年举行一次，②ThenewregulationshalltakeeffectonJune1st．新章程自六月一日起施行。③“Theinterestbedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,”declaredthejudge.[2004重庆]A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall④----Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?----Noperson________smokeorcarryalightedcigarette，cigarorpipeinthisarea．[2022四川]A．will

B．may

C．shall

D.must[Key:DC]④[在问句中表示征求对方意见，主要用于第一、第三人称]…好吗?要不要…?：ShallIfetchthehammer?我去把锤子拿来好吗？ShallIturnoffthelight?Shallwetakeumbrellawithus？(或Let'stakeumbrellaswithus，shallwe?)我们带雨伞去好吗?Shallhecometoseeyou?要不要他来看你?Shallshecomein?Shallthosegoodsbesentovertoyouatonce?那些货物要不要马上给你送来?【高考链接】----Theroomissodirty.__________wecleanit?-----Ofcourse.(2022北京春B)A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do⑤[用在表示意图、要求等的从句中]应该，要：Iwishthatyoushallstayathometonight．我希望今晚你会留在家里。Hedesiresthatweshallgotherewithhimtomorrow。他希望明天我们和他一起到那儿去。Iamanxiousthatitshallbedoneintime．我急于要把这件及时做好。Mydemandisthatyoushallgetitreadybeforefive．我要求你在五时前把它准备好。6用于将来时态的间接引语中，与直接引语中的shall相应.将：①Hesaysthatheshallbegladtoseeyou.＝Hesays：“Ishallbegladtoseeyou.”他说他将乐意来看你．[注意：这里也可用will]VI．Should的用法1.表应该做,且有一种道义的责任,也可表示劝告,建议.可用于任何人称，“应当”。①Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.②Youshouldn’tgetupifyou’rebadlyhurt.③Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI________reportittothepolice(2022全国III)A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can④--IthinkI'llgiveBobaring.---You______.Youhaven'tbeenintouchwithhimforages.(06江苏)A.willB.mayC.havetoD.should⑤---TurnofftheTV,Jack._______yourhomeworknow?---Mum,justtenmoreminutes,please.[2022辽宁]A.Shouldyoubedoing

B.Shouldn'tyoubedoing

C.Couldn'tyoubedoing

D.Willyoubedoing⑥Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,you_____switchoffyourmobilephonebeforeboarding.(2022上海)A.mayB.canC.wouldD.should⑦I______payTracyavisit,butI'mnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.(2022浙江)【3—7ADBDA】A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could2.表推测或必然性,含有“理应”“按道理应该”之义。①Theyshouldbebacknow.②Thebookshouldcomeoutinamonth.③---How'syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?---It__________be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.[2022全国I]

A.will

B.would

C.should

D.must

④---WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.----They_______bereadyby12：00o'clock.【NMET1998】A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need[3—4CB]3.表说话人惊奇,失望,忧虑,惋惜,愤怒,欢欣等情绪。A.与why,who,how等词连用，表示意外、惊异等，有“竟会”等意思。如：①HowshouldIknow?我怎么会知道？（意为：我不知道）②Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?你今天怎么来的这么晚？③I’msorrythatsheshouldbesocareless.对不起，她竟然如此粗心。④Shouldshedosuchathing?Whyshouldshedolikethat?B.若句型"Itis/was+形容词+that从句"中的形容词是表示"惊诧""疑惑"意义的形容词，如strange,surprising,shocking,amazing等，那么该主语从句的谓语就要用(should)do的形式，should可以省略。例如：①It'ssurprisingthatwe(should)beshortofwaterinacountrywhereitoftenrains.在一个多雨的国家，我们竟然缺水，真是奇怪。②It'samazingthatshe(should)havesaidnothingaboutthemurder.她竟然对那起谋杀案只字未提，真令人费解。②Itseemsunfairthatthisshouldhappentome.真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。③It’sunfairthattheyshouldtreatblackpeoplelikethat!④Neverdidheexpectthattheconditionsshouldbesoterrible．他从来没有料到情况竟如此可怕。【注意】：若以上句型中的形容词变成相应意义的名词，如surprise,wonder,amazement等，那么that引导的从句也应该用(should)do的形式。例如：It'sagreatsurprisethathe(should)readtenbooksaday.他竟然能一天读十本书，真令人吃惊。Youcan’timaginethatawell--behavedgentleman_________besorudetoalady.(2022上海C)A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would4.用在虚拟条件句中，should可以用于较强语气的假设情形中，有“万一、竟然、就、该”等意思。例如：①Ifheshouldfailtocome，askJohntogothereinhisplace．万一他不能来就叫约翰代替他去。②Shoulditraintomor