中考英语任务型阅读理解技巧点拨试题

创作；朱本晓2022年元月元日任务型阅读理解技巧点拨任务型阅读是阅读理解题的一种衍生题型，考生既要通过阅读对所给文章的细节和主旨理解清楚，也要用文字表达出对文章的理解，是一种由阅读理解向书面表达过渡的题型，因此它属于读写结合题。任务型阅读的题目设置多样化，有填图表、答复下列问题、完成总结、填空、翻译等，考察多种才能，但侧重考察的是语篇分析应用才能，即把从阅读中获得的信息应用在答复题目中。在实际解题中，可以采取“四读〞的方法：读题目、读大意、读细节、读答案。一、读题目认真仔细阅读题目，区分答题重点是主旨大意还是细节信息，再根据题目要求有目的地进展下一步的文本阅读，对题目类型和特点的关注也将出如今第四步的读答案中。二、读大意主要运用快速阅读(skimming)的才能，扫视文章大意，理解文章的根本信息及文体类型，弄清楚是记叙文、议论文还是说明文以及作者的写作目的与态度等，为下一步完成任务作铺垫。三、读细节根据题目寻找关键词，如动词或者名词，并以这些关键词为线索，到原文中去寻找相关的句子和原始信息。试题构造与文本顺序大体一致，理清文章构造会更便于搜索细节信息。四、读答案根据查询到的原文相关信息，仔细对照题目进展比对，落实目的答案，再检查答案的语法形式是否准确，如时态、单复数、冠词等，确保答案准确。典型例题解析〔2021〕MaymeClaytoncollectedbooks,magazinesandletterswrittenbyAfricanAmericans.Herson,AveryClayton,thoughthercollectionwasimportant.Unlikemostbooks,thesewererareandhardtofind.TheywerewrittenbywriterswhohelpedshapeAfricanAmericanculture.OnebookinthecollectionwaswrittenbyPhillisWheatley.Wheatleywasaslavewhowrotepoetry.ShewasthefirstAfricanAmericantopublish(HY)abook.Wheatleyherselfsigned(签名)thebookintheClaytons’collection.NooneelseownsacopysignedbyPhillisWheatley.Bythetimeshepassedawayatage83,MrsClaytonhadmorethan30,000booksbyoraboutblackpeople.Hercollectionalsoincludespapersaboutslaves,photographs,movies,sheetmusic,andpersonallettersbyblackleadersandartists.ItisoneofthebiggestpersonalcollectionsofAfricanAmericanhistoryandcultureintheUnitedStates.AveryClayton’sdreamwastocreateamuseumforhismother’streasures.ScholarssaythatMrsClayton’scollectionisveryimportant.Withoutherwork,partofAfricanAmericanheritage(遗产)wouldhavebeenlost.“Wedidn’tknowthesethingsexisted,〞saysSaraHadronofCalifornia’sHuntingtonLibrary.Thecollection’snewhomeislikelytobeinCulverCity,“It’simportanttoofferamorecompletepicture.〞根据所读内容，在每个横线上填入一个最恰当的单词。MaymeClaytonandHerCollectionA.Personalinformation·Sheliked1._________________books,magazinesandletterswrittenbyAfricanAmericans.·She2._________________whenshewas83yearsold.B.Hercollection·Comparedwithotherbooks,thebooksshecollectedcouldn’tbefound3.______________.·Theonlycopywrittenand4.__________byPhillisWheatleywasinhercollection.·Shehadalargecollection,5.__________books,paper,photographsandotherthingsbyblackleadersandartists.·Hercollectionisofgreat6.___________toAfricanAmericanhistoryandculture.C.Her7._______dream·A8.___________forthetreasurewouldbecreated.·Hehopesto9.___________theculturalrichescollectedbyhismotherwithmorepeople,especially10._____________.【解题指导】表格类型题目的明显特点是表格内容一般都能展示出文章的架构，所以做此类题时，对文章的构造要有清醒的认识，同时也可以从表格的构造来理解文章的构造。答题技巧大致分为两类：一类为从原文直接找到原句，如第1题可在原文中找到类似句：“MaymeClaytoncollectedbooks,magazinesandletterswrittenbyAfricanAmericans.〞可知本空填collect，但是在表示爱好的句子Sheliked____中动词应使用doing或者todo的形式，对于长期的爱好应该使用doing，因此本空应填collecting。第二类为题目是对原文中信息的转述或者语言再现：如第3题Comparedwithotherbooks,thebooksshecollectedcouldn’tbefound3._____.是对文中句子“Unlikemostbooks,thesewererareandhardtofind.〞的另一种说法，rareandhard就是noteasy的意思，再根据句子表达需要使用副词，所以本空填easily。典型例题解析〔2021〕Nowthereisafamilyproblem.Nearlyeveryparentsaysthatwenevergrowup.Infactweareprobably16or17yearsold.Intheireyes,wearealwayslittleonesandoftendowrongthings.Forexample,whenIneedtostayathomealone,theyalwaysworryaboutmeandmylifewithoutthem.Mostparentsalwaysthinkthattheyhaveofferedthebestthingstheycantomaketheirchildrenliveinacomfortableworld.Theybuytheirchildrenprettyclothes,coolshoes,everythingthattheycanfortheirdearchildren.Inreturn,theyonlywanttheirchildrentogetgoodresultsintheexams.Butwhystillcan’ttheirchildrenunderstandthem?Doesitmeanthatwestillwantmorematerialthings?No.Asamatteroffact,whatwewantisatruefamily.Whatdoesatruefamilymean?Ithinkitmeansaplacewherewecanhideourselvesfromthecoldworldoutside.Fromhere,wecangetwarmth,wecangetconsolation(抚慰),andwecangethappiness.Andoneimportantthingisthatweshouldbestrongerandmoreconfidentintheoutsideworldbecauseweknowthatwehaveatruefamily.SoIthinkthatparentsshouldsitdowntotalkwiththeirchildrentoletknowthattheyhaveatruefamily,sothechildrenandtheirparentscouldunderstandeachothermoreandmore.Then,parentswillnottreattheirchildrenaslittleones.1.Intheeyesofmostparents,childrennever____________andseldomdo_____________.2.Mostparentsalwaysthinkthey__________thebestthingsfortheirchildrentoliveintheworld_________.3.Childrenstill___________theirparentsbecausewhatchildrenneedmostisnotmaterialthingsbut_______.4.Mostparentswanttheirchildrentoget__________intheexamswhiletheirchildrenwanttoget________.5.Thewayto__________betweenparentsandchildrenisthattheyshouldhavemorecommunicationwitheachother.Then,nochildrenwill___________aslittleones.【解题指导】此类型题的设置顺序通常遵循文章的顺序。题目的句子源于文章但并不一样，需要填空的词并非直接从文章摘录，而是通过理解做出对应题目要求之答案，比方第1题中的seldomdo____就是文章中使用的oftendowrongthings的对立面，所以答题时就不能直接摘抄dowrongthings，而是这一构造的同意转换，所以填seldomdorightthings。有些还需要根据词汇的使用规那么进展选择，以满足语法的需要，比方第2题,虽然文中使用的是offer,但是题目中使用的是____sthforsb构造，所以填provide。任务型阅读理解模拟训练Passage1Brb(berightback),gr8(great),cya(seeyou)–it’saloteasiertouseabbreviations(缩写)whenwetext,isn’tit?TheaverageAmericanteensends60textmessagesaday,andyoucanimaginehoweasyitcanbe.Butwhilewemightthinknothingofit,there’sanongoingdiscussionthattextmessagingcanhaveabadeffect(影响)onpeople’sgrammar.Manybelievetheabbreviationsaregivingstudentsbadhabitswhenitcomestospellingandpunctuation(标点).Someteacherssaythattextingandsocialnetworkingcausestudentstobelazywhenwritingcorrectly.TherewasastudyinAugustintheNewMedia&Societyjournal.Itshowedthatyoungadultswhooftenusetextspeakfinditratherdifficulttoturnbacktocorrectgrammarwhenneeded.Butanotherviewisthattextmessaginghasnoeffectatall.Manypeopleconsiderittobealanguageofitsown.Itcouldbecomparedtostudentslearningaforeignlanguage.Thisdoesn’thaveaneffectontheirnativelanguage.Whetherit’sbadornot,itseemsthattextlanguageisbecomingverypopular.ThePewInternetandAmericanLifeProjectdidastudynamedWriting,TechnologyandTeensin2021.Accordingtothisstudy,64percentofteenssaidtheyusedinformal(非正式的)“textlanguage〞whentheyweredoingtheirwritinghomework.Butit’snotjustamatteroflanguage.Studentswhotextalotduringclassmayhavedifficultypayingattention.ScientistsattheUniversityofPittsburgh,US,didanotherstudy.Studentswereaskedtocompleteaquestionnaireonhowmanytextstheysentandreceivedduringclass.Onaverage,studentssentmorethantwotextmessagesduringlectureslasting50to75minutes.Theresearchshowedthatstudentswhooftentextduringclasscan’teasilykeeptheirattentiononthelesson.Andthishasaneffectontheirlearning.Using1.________whentextingA.People’sopinions•Abbreviationsarebadforstudents’2._________andpunctuationuse.•Studentsbecome3.________becauseoftextingandsocialnetworking.•Young4.________findithardtoreturntocorrectgrammaroncetheyhavegotusedtoabbreviating.•Itisconsideredtobea5.________.•Ithasnoeffectontheir6.________language.B.7.______ontexting•8.________percentofteenssaidtheyusedtextlanguageinhomework.•Onaverage,studentssentmorethan9.________textmessagesduringlecturesthatlastaroundanhour.•Itis10.________forthosewhotextalottopayattentioninclass.Passage2Canyouimaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveandstudyinanancientcastle(城堡)?I’mtalkingaboutBritishboarding(寄宿)schools,wheresomechildrenactuallylivelikeHarryPotter(althoughsadlywithoutthemagic).BoardingschoolsinBritainarenotcheap.Theaveragecostis￡25,152(254,011yuan)forjustoneyear.Theschoolsareusuallyveryoldandrichinhistory.TheyplayedabigroleinBritishhistory,andhavecloseconnections(联络)toOxfordandCambridgeuniversities.Studentsareusuallyverywealthy(有钱);PrinceWilliamandHarrybothwenttoEton,aschoolwhichhasproduced19Britishprimeministers(首相).Oneofthemostimportantthingsfortheseschoolsissport.Cricket(板球),rugby(英式橄榄球)androwing(赛艇运动)areplayednearlyeveryday.Thesegamesbuildteamworkanddiscipline(纪律).ThereisafamoussayinginEnglish:“TheBritishEmpire(帝国)wasbuiltontheplayingfieldsofEton.〞BoardingschoolsoftenappearinEnglishbooksandfilms.Theyoungchildwithoutparentsgrowingupinaboardingschoolisfoundinhundredsofstories,althoughthemostfamousnowisHarryPotter.Boardingschoolsarebecominglesstraditional,though,andmoreinternational.Nearly9,000foreignkidsjoinedaBritishboardingschoollastyear,andathirdofthesecamefromChina.1.AreboardingschoolsexpensiveinBritain?______________________________________________________________________2.WhatistheschoolEtonfamousfor?______________________________________________________________________3.Whatcanstudentslearnfromthosedailysports?______________________________________________________________________4.HowmanyChinesestudentswenttoBritishboardingschoolslastyear?______________________________________________________________________5.Whatisthestorymainlyabout?______________________________________________________________________Passage3Humanstodaylookverydifferenttohowtheywerehundredsofthousandsofyearsago.Humanevolution(进化)haschangedourbodiesinmanyways.Butthere’saquestionthatstillbothersthescientists.Willhumanskeepevolvingorhavewereachedtheendoftheline?ThescientificnameforhumansisHomosapiens(智人).SincemodernHomosapiensappearedaround50,000yearsago,therehavebeenfewphysicalchangesinourevolution.Oneargumentisthattechnologyandmedicinehavesloweddownevolution.Becausewearesmartenoughtobuildthingsthatsolveproblems,wedon’tneedourbodiestoadapt.Butmanyothersdisagree,andthereisalotofevidencethatwehavecontinuedtochangeovertime.Forexample,ourbrainshavebecomealittlebitsmalleroverthelast30,000years.Scientistssaythisisnotbecausewearebecomingmorestupidbutbecauseourbrainshavebecomemoreeffective.Butevolutionisn’tjustaboutobviouschanges.It’salsoaboutsmallgenetic(基因的)changeshappeninginsideofus.Themovementofpeoplearoundtheworldhascausedhumanstoadaptevenfaster.Ithasbecomeeasierfordiseasestospreadandthehumanbodyhastoactmorequicklytoprotectitself.Butit’simpossibletotellwhatmighthappennext.Manybelieveitisfoolishtotryandpredict(预知)thefutureofhumanevolution.Forexample,anextremechangeintemperature,liketheIceAge(冰河时代),couldmeanhumanshavetosuddenlyevolvemorequicklytoadapt.Otherwise,itcouldbethousandsofyearsbeforeweseeanybigphysicalchangeshappen.1.WhendidmodernHomosapiensstarttoliveonEarth?ModernHomosapienscameintobeing______________________.2.Whydosomepeoplethinktechnologyandmedicinehavesloweddownevolution?Becausetheythinktechnologyandmedicinecanhelpus________________easilyandourbodiesdon’tneedtoadapt.3.Whatdoscientiststhinkofourbrains’beingsmallerthan30,000yearsago?Theythinkourbrainshavebecome_________________________.4.Whatproblemshaspeople’smovementaroundtheworldbrought?Ithasmade______________tospreadeasily.5.WhathappenedduringtheIceAge?Therewasan__________________________.Passage4Dinnerisn’tcompletewithoutfood’sbestfriend:adrink.Theworld’smostfamousdrinksareamixofhistoryandculture,andusuallyshowupinthebiggestfestivals.So,let’sturnourtastebuds(味蕾)tothebestdrinkstheworldhastooffer.What’stheglobaldrinkforvictory(成功)?It’schampagne(香槟),atypeofwine.ItwasfirstmadeinaplaceinFrancecalledChampagne.Inthepast,onlyrichpeoplecouldaffordit.Butnow,champagneisusedatanybigeventorfestival.Interestingly,thewinnerofasportingeventissprayed(喷洒)withchampagne,butdoesn’tdrinkit.Ifchampagneisforexcitingmoments,thenteaisformorerelaxedsituations.Manyculturesenjoyasipofhotteaintheirwarmhomesduringwinter.WhileteacomesfromChina,theBritishlovetodrinkit,too.ItisBritain’sfavoritedrinkandpartofeverydaylifeformany.AccordingtotheUKTeaCouncil,165millioncupsofteaaredrunkeverysingledayintheUK.Besideswater,beerisoneoftheoldestdrinksthathumanshaveenjoyed.Itcomesinmanyflavors(风味)aroundtheworld.Oneoftheworld’sbiggestfestivalsisa16-daycelebrationofbeer:theOktoberfestinMunich,Butremember:drinkingalcohol(酒精)canbebadforyoungbrains.Mostcountries,includingChina,don’tallowpeopletodrinkalcoholiftheyareyoungerthan18.1.Drinksareusuallyregardedasamixof________,andtheyplayanimportantrolein____________.2.Champagne,atypeof___________,istheglobaldrinkfor_______________.3.Champagneisfor__________________,whileteaisformore_______________moments.4.Tea_________________China,butitisalsoverypopular_____________.5.Drinkingalcohol____________youngbrains,sopeopleunder18are_____________it.参考答案任务型阅读理解技巧点拨【2021】1.collecting 2.died 3.easily 4.signed 5.including6.importance 7.son’s 8.museum 9.share