人教版八年级下册英语语法解析知识重点总结

新目标英语八年级（下）重点短语及句型总结Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?fewerpeople更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定）lessfreetime更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定）intenyears10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用 Howsoon）fallinlovewith爱上 例：WhenImetMr.Xuforthefirsttime,Ifellinlovewithhimatonce.当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上他。livealone单独居住feellonely感到孤独（比较：livealone/goalone等）Thegirlwalkedalonealongthestreet,butshedidn'tfeellonely.那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独。keep/feedapetpig养一头宠物猪flytothemoon飞上月球hundredsof+复数数百/几百（概数，类似还有thousandsof;millionsof）thesameas和 相同AbedifferentfromBA与B不同（=Thereisadifferenee/ThgerearedifferencesbetweenAandB）wakeup醒来（wakesb.up表示唤醒某人”）getbored变得厌倦（get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等）goskating去滑冰（类似还有gohiking/fishing/skating/bikeriding等）lotsof/alotof许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）attheweekends在周末studyathomeoncomputers在家通过电脑学习agreewithsb.同意某人（的意见）Idon'tagree.=Idisag我不同意。onapieceofpaper在一张纸上（注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词）onvacation度假helpsbwithsth/helpsbdosth.帮助某人做某事manydifferentkindsofgoldfish许多不同种金鱼liveinanapartment住在公寓里；liveonthetwelfthfloor住在12楼liveatNO.332,ShanghaiStreet住在上海路332号asareporter作为一名记者looksmart显得精神/看起来聪明Areyoukidding?你在骗我吗？inthefuture在将来/在未来nomore=not…anyn不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）noIonger=not…anyI不矗「（强调状态不再发生）besides（除 之外还，包括）与except=but（除 之外，不包括）beableto与can能；会（beableto用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中； haveto用于各种时态，而 must只能用于一般现在时态）例如：Ihavebeenableto/willbeabletospeaktwoIanguages.（不可以用can）hadtostayathome/willhaveto（不可以用must）bebigandcrowded大而且拥挤beincollege在上大学liveonaspacestation住在空间站dresscasually穿得很随意；casualclothing休闲服饰winthenextWorldCup赢得世界杯；winaward获奖cometrue变成现实takehundredsofyears花几百年的时间befuntowatch看起来有趣overandoveragain—次又一次beindifferentshapes形状不同twentyyearsfromnow今后20年本单元目标句型：Whatdoyouthinklifewillbelikein1000years?Therewillbefewertreesmorebuildingsandlesspollutioninthefuture.fewer；less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词； more二者都可以修饰。Willkidsgotoschool?No,theywon't/Yes,theywill。Predictingthefuturecanbedifficult.Ineedtolooksmartformyjobinterview.Iwillbeabletodressmorecasually.IthinkI'llgotoHongKongonvacation,andonedayImightevenvisitAustralia.Whatwillteenagersdoforfuntwentyyearsfromnow?Thatmaynotseempossiblenow,butcomputers,spacerocketsandevenelectrictoothbrushesseemedimpossibleahundredyearsago.本单元语法讲解：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：①含tomorrow;next短语；②in+段时间：③howsoon；④by+将来时间；⑤bythetimesb.do:⑥祈使句句型中：or/andsb.willdo；⑦在时间/条件状语从句中，如果从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时；⑧anotherday 比较begoingto与will:begoingto表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情， will表示的将来时间则较远一些。女口：Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情， will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.Hewillbetwentyyearsold.begoingto含有计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，如：Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 begoingto,而多用will。如：Ifanybeastscomesatyou,I 'llstayanthhelpyou.掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分 begoingto与will了。一般将来时常见的标志词①含tomorrow;next短语；②in+段时间；howsoon； ④by+将来时间；祈使句句型中：or/andsb.willdo例:Bequick,oryouwillbelate=Ifyoudonquick,ybewillbelate在时间/条件状语从句中，如果从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时Unit2WhatshouldIdo?tooloud太大声outofstyle过时的instyle流行的callsb.up=ringsb.up=call/ring/phonesb.给 打电话enoughmoney足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)busyenough够忙(enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)aticketto/foraballgame一张球赛的门票注意：thekeytothelock/thekey(answer)tothequestion)/thesolutiontotheproblem.此处几个短语不能用 of表示所有格talkabout谈论onthephone用电话payfor付款spend …on+sth.=spend …(in)doing^⑥⑥花钱Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人做某事花 的时间borrow…from从 借（借进来）lend …把……借给（借出去）Youcankeepthebookforaweek你可以借这本书一周。 （不用borrow或lend）buysth.forsb.为 买东西tellsb.todo/nottodosth.告诉某人做某事wantsb.todosth.=wouldlikesb.todo想某人做某事findout发现；查清楚；弄明白playone'ss放efe象failthetest=notpassthetest考试不及格failin（doing）sth. 在 上失败，变弱succeedin（doing）sth.在 方面成功writesbaletter/writetosb.给某人写信surprisesb.使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）toone'ssurp使某人吃惊的是 toone'sj使某人高兴的是 lookforapart-timejob找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）get/findapart-timejob找到一份兼职的工作（有结果）asksb.for 寻求/向某人要某物haveabakesale卖烧烤arguewithsb=haveanargumentwiths与某人争吵haveafightwithsb.=fightwith与某人打架dropoff离去；散去；逐渐减少；死去preparefor…=getreadyf为 做准备after-schoolclubs（activities）课外俱乐部（活动）be/getusedtodoing习惯做某事usedtodo过去经常/常常做某事beusedfordoing=beusedtodosth.被用于做某事fill …填补卜；装满……；befullof装满returnsth.tosb.=givesth.backtosb.把某物归还给某人geton/alongwellwith与…相处很好allkindsof各种各样asmuchaspossible=asmuchasyouca尽可能多takepartin=joinin参加（某种活动/集会）abit=alittle一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）abitof=alittle一点儿/一些（当修饰不可数名词时）beangrywith生 的气byoneself=onone '某人自r己/独自地ontheonehand—方面ontheotherhand另一方面Ifind/feel/thinkitdifficulttodo …我发现/感到/认为做某事很难。see/hear/watchsb.doingsth看到/听见/注视某人正在做 not…un直到 才(谓语动词一般是非延续动词)表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法：be/become+upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是 -ed结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是 -ing结尾单词.) 例女口:Iwassurprised/interested/amazedwhenIheardthesurprising/interesting/amazingnews.radioadviceprogram电台提建议的节目beoriginal新颖的leavesomethingsomewhere把某物忘在某处sportsclothes运动服thesameageas=asoldas口 年龄一样thetiredchildren疲惫不堪的孩子complainabout(doingsth.)抱怨 taketheirchildrenfromactivitytoactivity 带着孩子参加一个接一个的活动trytodosth.尽量干某事；trydoingsth.试着干某事beundertoomuchpressure压力太大amotherofthree三个孩子的妈妈takepartinafter-schoolclubs参加课后俱乐部compepitionstartsfromaveryyoungage竞争从很小年纪就开始了compare…with和 比较organizedactivities有组织的活动本单元目标句型：What'swrong(withyou)?/What'sthematter?WhatshouldIdo?我该怎么办？Youcouldwritehimaletter.你可以给他写圭寸信。Youshouldsaysorrytohim.你应该给他道歉。Theyshouldn'targu们不应该争吵。Whydon'tyoutalktohimaboutit?=Whynottalktohimaboutit?=Youshould/couldtalktohimaboutit.=What/Howabouttalkingtohimaboutit.=You'dbettertalktohimaboutit.Theparentstrytofitasmuchaspossibleintotheirkidslives.Activitiesincludesports,languagelearning,musicandmathclasses.Thirtypeople,includingsixchildren(sixchildrenincluded),wenttovisitthefactory.Peopleshouldn'tpushtheirchildrensohard.Parentsaretryingtoplantheirkids 'livesforthem.Whenthesekidsareadults,theymightfindtdifficulttoplanthingsforthemselves.Unit3WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOarrived?infrontof在 的前面（外部），inthefrontof在……的前面（内部）inthelibrary在图书馆getoutof/getinto出 之外/进入sleeplate睡懒觉；sleepwell睡得好；gettosleep=fallasleep睡着walkdown/along沿 走takeoff（飞机）起飞；脱下（衣帽）onSundayevening在星期日晚上on）注意：on）inthetree在树上；onthetree在树上takephotos照相atthetrainstation在火车站runaway跑开，逃跑as+adj.原形as和 一样 例如：Sheis（not）asbeautifulashersister.Icanrunasfastashe（him）buy/draw/makesth.forsb.为某人买/画/制作walkhome走回家inhistory在历史上forexample例如inthecityof在 市ontheplayground在操场上tenminutesago十分钟前takeplace发生（强调必然性）happentosth./sb.发生（强调偶然性）例如：Whathashappenedoyou?=What'sthematterwithyou?=What'swrongwithyou?ofcourse=sure=certainly当然allovertheworld=aroundtheworld遍及全世界outside/insidethestation在车站外/内nextto相邻，紧贴closeto接近于；在附近beillinhospital/bed生病住院/卧床hearabout/of听说（间接听到）insilenee沉默不语；keepsilent保持沉默anunusualexperienee—次不寻常的经历havefundoingsth.干某事有乐趣；havedifficulttimedoingsth.干某事有困难havemeaningto对 有意义becomethefirstChineseastronautinspac成为中国第一个太空宇航员anationalhero一个民族英雄befamousallovertheworld全世界出名forthefirsttime第一次本单元目标句型：WhatwereyoudoingwhenIarrived/atthattime/at8:00lastnight/from9:00to10:00yesterday?Iwasdoingsth.when+一般过去时的时间状语从句 Howabout…=Whatabout…？Whilesth./sb.wasdoingsth.,Iwasdoingsth.当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？ WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOIanded?当妈妈正在做饭时，我在看电视。Whilemymotherwascooking,IwaswatchingTV.IwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenaUFOIandedrightinfrontofme.Youcanimagehowstrangeitwas.Ifollowedtoseewhereitwasgoing.Isn'tthatamazing!Shedidn'tthinkingaboutlookingoutsidethtation.Iwassotiredthismorning.Itwasdifficulttogetoutofthebed.LiuXiangwonthegoldmedalatthe2004Olympics.Beijngwasmadehosttothe2008Olympics.Peopleoftenrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheyheardthenewsofimportanteventsinhistory.ThiswasoneofthemostimportanteventsinmodernAmericanhistory.Eventhemosteverydayactivitiescanseemimportant.Ourteacheraskedustostopwhatweweredoingandlisten.However,inmorerecenttimes,mostAmericansrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwasdestroyedbyterrorists.Notalleventsinhistoryareasterribleasthis,ofcourse.HisflightaroundtheEarthlastedabout22hours.本单元语法讲解过去进行时(PastProgressiveTens)e句型S+was/were+V-ng…例1:Shewasdoingherhomeworkat8:30yesterdayevening 昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。例2:Wewerehavingsupperatthattime那个时候我们正在吃晚饭解说：如例1所示，在单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必须把该动作正在进行中的时间表明清楚，否则就不合逻辑了。例如：Iwastakingabathyesterday.（错）（昨天我正在洗澡一一昨天24小时都正在洗澡吗？）所以本句应该如例1来表达，或者用一般过去时表达如下：Itookabathyesterday.昨天我洗了澡如果由上下文的文意，或者对谈中的话意可以了解动作正在进行中的时间”，单句里就使用过去进行时来表达是很普通的，例如：A:Icalledyouupyesterdayevening.B:Didyou?Atwhattime?A:Ataroundteno'cl大约在十点钟。B：Oh,Iwastakingabaththen.哦，当时我正在洗澡。过去进行时在表达上常用的句式是如例 2所示和另一个一般过去时的动作相搭配。请观察下面的图解说明： 过去有二动作A和B（如图示），在B动作发生时稍早发生的A动作正好在进行中，所以这种表达法通常都是复句（主句+副词从句）。例如：WhenIgotupthismorning.Motherwaspreparingbreakfastinthekitchen.（今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。“Mother….”是主句，“when …，”是副词从句。）常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：过去的某一定点时刻（ at+过去的时刻），then（=atthattime）（那时，当时），all+时间，“When…/While…/As…”等副词从句，etcUnit4HesaidIwashard-working.everySaturday每周六firstofall首先both…and两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）neither ….两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）mostof绝大多数anexcitingweek令人兴奋的一周agreeonsomething同意某人的计划；对 取得一致意见agreetodosth.答应/同意做 passon（to）传递besupposedtodosth.被期望或被要求做 bemadat 对……疯狂/生气dobetterin=bebetterat在 方面做得更好beingoodhealth身体健康reportcard成绩单sound/feel/smell/taste/look是连系动词，一般只能跟 adj.做表语soundlike/feellike/smelllike/tastelike/looklike听起来像 /感觉像 /闻起来像 /尝起来像 /看起来像 +sb.sth.get…ov克服；恢复；原谅openup打开/展开/开发/揭露carefor照料；照顾；意愿；计较havea(surprise)partyforsb.为某人举行一次(惊喜)聚会end-of-yearexam=finalexam期末考试not…anymore再doahomeproject做作业besurprised/happy/excitedtodosth做某事感到惊讶、高兴、激动be/getnervous感到紧张haveaveryhardtimewith在 日子不好过andisappointingresult令人失望的结果take/leaveamessage捎(留)个口信haveabigfightitisagoodideaforsb.todosth.toteachinChina'sruralareasfeelluckypeoplewhoneedhelp需要帮助的人somethingwecandoforthem我们能为他们做的事thereisnodiffereneebetween 在•••and和 之间没有区另GroupsandtheworktheydoGroupsTheworktheydoGreenpeaceCaresfor“MotherEarth”DoctorsWithoutBordersHelpssickpeopleinpoorcountriesUNICEFHelpschildreninpoorcountriesWWFCaresforwildanimalsindangertheHopeProject希望工程fortunately本单元目标句型：转述他人话语：Whatdidsb.say?HesaidI….Shesaidshe….Theysaid许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。 Mr.XutoldmethatXuMengdiecouldspeakthreeIanguages.许老师说地球绕着太阳转。 Mr.Xusaid(that)theearthturnsaroundthesun.许老师告诉我他将去北京。 ShetoldmehewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr.XusaidOuYangwasdoinghishomeworkatthattime.许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr.XusaidWangShuoyanwashard-working.在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。 InEnglish,I'ntoetteratreadingthanlistening.情况怎样？HoWsitgoing?她不想再当我最好的朋友了。 Shedidn'twanttobemybesfriendanymore.Isaiditwouldstartabadhabit,andthatshewoulddoherownwork.That'saboutallthenewsIhavenow.MumaDadsendtheirlove.Shesaidhelpingotherschangedherlife.TeachinghighschoolstudentsinapoormountainvillageinGansuProvincemaynotlikefuntoyou.ThePekingUniversitygraduatefirstwentthereasanvolunteeronaone-yearprogram.LifeinthemountainswasanewexperieneeforLangLei.Hervillagewas2,000metereabovethesealevel,andatfirstthethinairmadeherfeelsick.YoungpeopletodayneedtoexperieneedifferentthingsSomeofthestudentsmaynotbeabletogotoseniorhighschoolorcollage.Icanopenupmystudeits'eyestotheoutsideworldandgivethemagoodstartinlife.Shesaidshelikesbeingagoodinflueneeinthechildren 'slives.ShenowworksasamathteacheratahighschoolinthecityofPingliang,GansuProvince.YouareatBouseworkingonahomeworkproject.Youweresupposedtomeetatthebusstopthismorningtoreturnit,butAdidncometothebusstop.AcallsyouwithamessageforC.Passonmessage,andthengiveCnswertoA.Whataresomethingsthathappenonsoapoperas?本单元语法讲解直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如：Tomsaidtome,“Mybrotherisdoinghishomework.”fTomsaidtomethathisbrotherwasdoinghishomework.人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。女口：SheaskedJack, “Wherehaveyoubeen?”fSheaskedJackwherehehadbeen.Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”fHesaidthatthosebookswerehis.（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由 that引导，可以省略。“Iwanttheblueone.”he我0想要兰色的。”他说。fHetoldusthathewantedtheblueone.他说他想要兰色的。Shesaidtome, “You(Caranythingnow.”她对我说： 此刻你无法做任何事情。”fShetoldmethatIcouldn'tdoanythingthen.她对我说那时我无法做任何事。疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。弓I述动词常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow等间接疑问句一般有三种：⑴一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时， 由whether或if引导。女口：“HasheeverworkedinShanghai? ”Jimasked.他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。fJimaskedwhether/ifhehadeverworkedinShanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。“Canyoutellmethewaytothehospital? ”Theoldmanasked.那个老人问："你能告诉我去医院的路吗？fTheoldmanaskedwhetherIcouldtellhimthewaytothehospital.那老人冋我是否能告诉他去医院路。⑵特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。 女口：“Whichroomdoyoulivein?”Heasked.你住哪个房间？”他问我。fHeaskedmewhichroomIlivedin.他问我住哪个房间。“Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm? ”Sheasked.她问：你怎么看这部电影？”fSheaskedherfriendwhatshethoughtofthefilm.她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。⑶选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由 whether/if…or引导。女口：“IsityourbikeorTom's?”Mumasked.妈妈问：这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？ ”fMumaskedwhether/ifitwasmybikeorTom 's.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。“Doesyoursisterlikebluedressesorgreenones?”Kateasked.你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？ ”凯特问。fKateaskedwhether/ifmysisterlikedbluedressesorgreenones.凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask, order,beg,request,order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。如： Jacksaid,“Pleasecometomyhousetomorrow,Mary.杰克说：玛丽，明天请到我家来。”fJackaskedMarytogotohishousethenextday.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。Theteachersaidtothestudents, “Stoptalking.老师对学生们说： 不要讲话了。”fTheteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking.老师让学生们不要说话了。“Don'ttouchanything. ”不要碰碰任何东西。”他说。fHetoldusnottotouchanything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。动词时态和代词等的变动⑴某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则： 直接引语间接引语today—thatdaynow—then,atthatmomentyesterday—thedaybeforethedaybeforeyesterday—twodaysbeforetomorrow—thenextday/thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrow—twodaysafter,/intwodaysnextweek/monthetc.—thenextweek/monthetclastweek/monthetc.—theweek/monthetc.beforehere—therethis—thatthese—thosecome—gobring—take⑵如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上 f一般过去时现在进行时 f过去进行时一般将来时 f过去将来时现在完成时 f过去完成时Unit5Ifyougototheparty,you 'llhaveagreattime!attheparty在晚会上asksb.todosth.请某人做某事stayathome呆在家halftheclass/students—半学生getinjured受伤haveagreattime=haveawonderful/goodtime玩得高兴take…aw运走，取走；putaway收起来，放好allthetime=always一直，始终makealiving（bydoingsth.）谋生inordertodosth. •为了做某事haveaparty举行聚会gotocollege上大学befamousfor因 而著称；befamousas作为 而出名makemoney=earnmoney挣钱infact事实上laughat嘲笑toomuch太多（修饰不可数名词）toomany太多（修饰可数名词复数 ）muchtoo+形容词/副词太 getexercise锻炼。注意：exercise当锻炼”是不可数名词；而当操”练习”是可数名词travelaroundtheworld周游世界workhard努力工作wearjeans穿牛仔裤let…允许 进入，嵌入keep…out不允许 进入getaneducation获得教育take…aw拿开，拿走studyforthetest准备考试makesomefood准备食物；makedumplings做水饺；makethebed整理床铺halftheclass一半的学生therulesforschoolparties学校派对的规则children 'shos儿童医院jointheLions加入狮队givemoneytoschoolsandcharities给学校和慈善组织捐钱becomeaprofessionalsoccerplayer成为一个职业的足球运动员organizethegamesfortheclassparty为班级派对准备游戏playsportsforaliving靠体育运动为生本单元目标句型：Ifyoudo,you'2.1•••'.mgoingto --3.Youshould—.4.Don'tyouwantto 5.Don'tyouthink …？①如果李老师去参加晚会，我们将会玩得非常高兴。IfMsLigoestotheparty,we 'llhaveagreattime.②如果你穿牛仔裤去晚会，李老师将不会让你进入。Ifyouwearjeanstotheparty,MsLiwon 'tletyouin.Formanyyoungpeople,becomingaprofessionalathletemightseemlikeadreamjob.Ifyoubecomeaprofessionalathlete,youwillbeabletomakealivingdoingsomethingyoulove.However,professionalathletescanalsohavemanyproblems.Ifyouarefamous,peoplewillwatchyouallthetimeandfollowyoueverywhere.Thiscanmakelifedifficult.Ifyoubecomerich,youwillhaveadifficulttimeknowingwhoyourrealfriendsare.Infact,manyfamouspeoplecomplainthattheyarenothappy.本单元语法讲解if引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子 叫条件状语从句，表示假设或条件，意思是“如果……的话”用法如下：表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下：If+句子（一般现在时），+主句（主语will/may/can）+动词）Ifyoufinishyourhomework,youcangooutandplay.IfIhaveenoughmoneynextyear,Iwillgototravel.表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义、民 间谚语等，句型是：If+句子（一般现在时），+主句（一般现在时）.例：Ifyoustudyhard,youaresuretosucceed.Ifyouputiceinawarmplace,itturnsintowater.Ifaglassfallsonthefloor,itusuallybreaks.Ifyoucookabanana,itbecomesverysoft.Ifaplantdon'tgetenoughlight,itgrows verytallandthin.Unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells?raisemoneyfor筹钱collectstamps集由Erunoutof用尽bytheway顺便说一下onthewayto在 的路上beinterestedin对 感兴趣morethan=over超过flykites放风筝startclass开始上课startasnowglobecollator'sclub开办雪球仪收集者俱乐部themost common (unusual, interesting) hobby最普通的爱好listentomusicvideos听音乐碟片organize a talent showtoraisemoneyforcharity为慈善机构捐钱而举办的才艺展示extraEnglishlessons额外的英语课haveproblemswiththeIanguage语言方面有问题thecapitalofHeilongjiangProvinee黑龙江的省会17. an interestingcitywith acolorfulhistory一个有着丰富多彩历史文化的有趣的城帀18. three anda half years= threeyearsand ahalf三年半19. a pairofskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans一双滑冰鞋/一-双鞋/一副眼镜/一条裤子/牛仔裤How much isapairofskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?= How muchdoesa(this)pair ofskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeanscost?How mucharetheskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?=Howmuchdotheskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeanscost?本单元目标句型：Howlonghaveyoubeenskating?你滑冰有多长时间了？I'vebeenskatingsincenineo'clock/sinceIwasfouryearsold.我从九点一直滑到现在/我从四岁一直滑到现在。I'vebeenskatingforfivehouis一直滑了五小时。ThemoreIlearnaboutChinesehistory,themoreIenjoylivinginChina.我对中国的历史了解得越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。Wasthisyourfirstskatingmarathon?No,Iskatedinamarathonlastyear.Whendidyougetyourfirstpairofskates?Alisonwasthefirstonetostartandhasbeenskatingforthewholefivehours.Alison是第一个开始并且已经滑了整整5个小时。8.1'mtalkingtoyoufromtheHilltopSchoolSkatingMarathon.Foreveryhourtheyskate,eachstudentraisestenyuanforcharity.每滑一个小时，每位学生可为慈善事业筹集 10元钱。Thanksforsendingmethesnowglobeofthemonster.InfactIthinkit 'sprobablymyfavorite.谢谢你送我的怪物雪球仪。事实上，我想它可能是我的最爱。MymomsaysIhavetostop,becausewe 'verunoutofroomtostorethem.妈妈说我必须停止了，因为我们已经没有地方来存放他们了。ThefirstoneIevergotwasabirthdaycakesnowglobeonmytwelfthbirthday.我得到的第一个雪球仪是我十二岁生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球仪。Iparticularlyloveglobeswithanimals.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.我特别喜欢动物雪球仪。如果你知道其他人收集他们的话，请告诉我们。Bytheway,what'syourhobby?I'minterestedinthejobasawriter.Theschoolnewspaperneedsawriter.Wewillgiveyoudifferenttopicstochoosefrom.Togetthejob,pleaseanswerthesefourquestions.校报需要一个撰稿人。我们会给你一些不同的话题来选择。 要得到这份工作，请回答这样四个问题。HowmanyChinesedynastiescanyouthinkof?你能想起多少中国朝代？Canyouthinkoffamouscharactersfromthehistoryofothercountries?Makealist.从其他国家历史中，你能记起一些著名人物吗？列个表。Infact,thefirstJewsprobablycametoKaifengmorethanathousandyearsagoandwerewelcomedbytheSongEmperor.事实上，第一批犹太人可能在一千多年前就来到开封而且受到宋朝皇帝的欢迎。ThereissomeEuropeaninflueneeinthecity,andsomeoftheoldbuildingsinHarbinareinRussianstyle.这个城市有欧洲文化的影响，而且哈尔滨的一些老建筑还是俄罗斯风格的。Foraforeignerlikeme,themoreIlearnaboutChineseculture,themoreIenjoylivinginChina.对于一个像我一样的外国人来说，我对中国文化了解越多，我就越喜欢住在中国AndalthoughIlivequitefarfromBeijing,I'mcertainIwillbeherefortheOlympicGamesin2008.尽管我住得离北京很远，但我相信 2008年奥运会我一定在这儿。本单元语法讲解现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间里一直在延续的动作。现在完成进行式结构： have/has+been+doingIhavebeenwritingthelettersincethen.从那时起我一直在写这封信。（动作从过去一直持续到现在还在继续）Ihavebeencollectingstampsfortenyears.自从10年前我就收集邮票了（动作从过去一直现在还在收集）。Howlonghaveyoubeenlivinghere?你在这儿已经住了多长时间了。（居住”动作从过去一直现在还在继续）现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的延续性；如果没有时间强调，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，现在完成时则表示动作已经结束，现在完成进行时一般不适用于表状态的动词，而现在完成时则可。Unit7Wouldyoumindturningdownthemusic?turn…down/turn 关小声/调大声音（电器）turn…on/turn 扌于开f关闭（电器）movethebike移动自行车inaminute/rightaway/innotime立刻；马上belateforschool/class=arrivelateforschool上学/上课迟到waitinline=standinline排队等候cutinline=jumpaqueue插队getmad/annoyed变得生气happentosb.发生在 身上halfanhour半小时atfirst首先atlast=intheend=finally最后allowsb.todo/nottodosth.允许某人做/不做某事beallowedtodo/nottodosth.某人不被允许某人做/不做某事inpublic当众地；公开地；公然地inpublicplaces在公共场所breaktherule不遵守规则pick…捡起put…o熄灭droplitter扔垃圾

keepthevoicedown控制声音dothedishesputonanotherpairofjeansbeatameetinghelpmeinthekitchenmakesomepostersclothingstorefollow…aroundwanttobepolitestandinthesubwaydoorcutinlinestandcloseto…havedifferentideasaboutfeeluncomfortableinallsituationsinpublicplaces本单元目标句型：Wouldyoumindcleaningtheyard?你介意打扫院子吗Notatall.I'lldoitright一点也不。我马上就扫。Wouldyoumindnotplayingbaseballhere.你介意不要在这打棒球吗？8. Could you (please)notfeedthedog? =youmindnotfeedingthedog?= Would you (please)notfeed8. Could you (please)notfeedthedog? =youmindnotfeedingthedog?= Would you (please)notfeedthedog? =don'tfeedthedog,willyou?请不要喂狗好吗？9.Ifyoufinish thesetasks,wecangotoaWouldyoumindgivingmeasmallerone?Sorry,we'llgoandplayinthepark.对不起，我们到公园去打。Couldyou(please)makedinner?请做晚饭好吗That'snoproblem可题。tonight.Yourbarbergaveyouaterriblehaircut.Thestoreclerkgaveyouthewrongsize.Thewaitressbroughtyouthewrongfood.Thepenyouboughtdidn 'twork.14.YouorderedahamburgerwithFrenchfriesonlygotahamburger.15.Weaskedsomepeoplewhat annoyed them.WouldPleasemoviebutHere'swhattheysaid.16.Idon'tlikewaitinginlinewhenashopassistanthasalongtelephoneconversation.This happens tomeallthetimeintheschoollibrary.PerhapsinthefutureIshouldtrynottobesopolite.Thewaypeoplebehaveisdifferentindifferentculturesandsituations.Sometimes,rulesofetiquettearethesamealmosteverywhere.Wemightwanttoask someone tobehavemorepolitelyifweseethembreakingaruleofetiquette.Etiquettemeansnormalandpolitesocialbehavior.Thismayseemlikeadifficultwordatfirst,butitcanbeveryusefultounderstand.24.Infact,weshouldalsotakecarenottocoughorsneezeloudlyinpublicifpossible.Peopledon'tusuallyliketobecriticized,sowehavetobecarefulhowwedothis.看到有人抽烟你可以说：Couldyoupleaseputoutthatcigarette?看到有人乱丢垃圾你可以说： Wouldyoumindpickingitup?看到有人插队你可以说：Sorry,wouldyoumindjoiningtheline?常见动名词、分词的习惯用法总结使用-ing分词的几种情况在进行时态中。如：HeiswatchingTVintheroom.Theyweredancingatnineo'clocklastnight.在 there be结构中。 女口：There is aboyswimmingintheriver.在 have fun/problems 结构中。 女口：WehavefunlearningEnglishthisterm.Theyhadproblemsgettingtothetopofthemountain.在介词后面。女口：Thanksforhelpingme.Areyougoodatplayingbasketball？What/Howaboutdoing sth?做某事怎么样？Iaminterestedinplayingfootball.在以下结构中enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事finishdoingsth.完成做某事feellikedoingsth.想要做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事（原来的事）forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事goondoingsth.继续做某事（原来的事）rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事likedoingsth.喜欢做某事find/see/hear/watchsb.doing发现/看到/听到/观看某人做trydoingsth.试图做某事needdoingsth.需要做某事preferdoingsth.宁愿做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事missdoingsth.错过做某事practicedoingsth.练习做某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事can'thelpdoings禁不住做某事wastetime/moneydoing浪费时间/金钱做keepsb.doing让 始终/一直做 stopsb.（from）doing阻止某人做某事21. prefer doing B todoingB= likeAbetterthanA喜欢做A更喜欢做B22.“dosome+doin短语’如: do some shopping/dosomewashing/dosomereading/dosomepracticing/dosomecleaning/dosomespeaking23.“godoing”短语去做某事（主要指文娱活动等）如 : go shopping/ gofishing/go swimming/gohiking/goskating/gocamping/goskiing（滑雪）/goboating/gohunting打猎）注意动词的过去分词的常见搭配：Ifeel（am/was）excited/surprised/amazed/interested/tired/pleased/worried/lostkeep…closedaboycalled/namedTom Unit8Whydon'tyougetherascarf?fallasleep入睡give…awa赠送；分发ratherthan宁愿 而不是，胜于woulddo…ratherthan宁愿 不愿做hearof听说makefriendswith和 交友photoalbum像册toopersonal太私人化notinteresting/special/creativeenough不够有趣makeaspecialmeal做一顿特别的饭an8-year-oldchild一个六岁的孩子thesedays最近not…ata根本不differentkindsof不同种类makeherhappy使她高兴someoneelse别人(else总是后置)improveEnglish提高英语indifferentways以不同的方式encouragesbtodo鼓励某人做make(great)progress取得进步takeaninterestin/beinterestedinM 感兴趣onmytwelfth/twentiethbirthdayagoldfish-twogoldfishapignamed/calledConniefromacrossChinaenteratestbysingingpopularEnglishsongscomefromallagegroupsthewinnerofthewomen'scompetitionwintheprizetrytospeakEnglishmoreaspokespersonfromtheOlympicCommitteehearofmanyotherfunwaystolearnEnglishmakefriendswithanativespeakerofEnglishfindagoodwaytolearntolearnEnglish 本单元目标句型：WhatshouldIgetmymomforherbirthday?我应该为我的妈妈买什么？Whydon'tydd/hynotbuy/Whataboutbuying/Howaboutbuyingascarf?为什么不买条围巾呢？What'sthe best你曾收到的最好礼物是什么？Whataluckyguy!多幸运的家伙gift!youhaveeverreceived?5. I think adog ischild.