2022年自主招生模拟模拟试题1

自主招生模拟试题1Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,nottomentionnewspapersandmagazines:anever-endingfloodofwords.In⑴______ajoboradvancinginone,theabilitytoreadandcomprehend⑵______canmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Yettheunfortunatefactisthatmostofusare⑶______readers.Mostofusdeveloppoorreading⑷______atanearlyage,andnevergetoverthem.Themaindeficiency⑸______intheactualstuffoflanguageitself—words.Takenindividually,wordshave⑹______meaninguntiltheyarestrungtogetherintophrased,sentencesandparagraphs.⑺______,however,theuntrainedreaderdoesnotreadgroupsofwords.Helaboriouslyreadsonewordatatime,oftenregressingto⑻______wordsorpassages.Regression,thetendencytolookbackover⑼______youhavejustread,isacommonbadhabitinreading.Anotherhabitwhich⑽______downthespeedofreadingisvocalization—soundingeachwordeitherorallyormentallyas⑾______reads.Toovercomethesebadhabits,somereadingclinicsuseadevicecalledan⑿_____,whichmovesabar（orcurtain）downthepageatapredeterminedspeed.Thebarissetataslightlyfasterrate⒀______thereaderfindscomfortable,inorderto“stretch”him.Theacceleratorforcesthereadertoreadfast,⒁______word-by-wordreading,regressionandsubvocalization,practicallyimpossible.Atfirst⒂______issacrificedforspeed.Butwhenyoulearntoreadideasandconcepts,youwillnotonlyreadfaster,⒃______yourcomprehensionwillimprove.Manypeoplehavefound⒄______readingskilldrasticallyimprovedaftersometraining.⒅______CharlesAu,abusinessmanager,forinstance,hisreadingratewasareasonablygood172wordsaminute⒆______thetraining,nowitisanexcellent1,378wordsaminute.Heisdelightedthathowhecan⒇______alotmorereadingmaterialinashortperiodoftime.1.A.applying B.doing C.offering D.getting2.A.quickly B.easily C.roughly D.decidedly3.A.good B.curious C.poor D.urgent4.A.training B.habits C.situations D.custom5.A.lies B.combines C.touches D.involves6.A.some lot C.little D.dull7.A.Fortunately B.Infact C.Logically D.Unfortunately8.A.reuse B.reread C.rewrite D.recite9.A.what B.which C.that D.if10.A.scales B.cuts C.slows D.measures11.A.someone B.one C.he D.reader12.A.accelerator B.actor C.amplifier D.observer13.A.then B.as C.beyond D.than14.A.enabling B.leading C.making D.indicating15.A.meaning B.comprehension C.gist D.regression16.A.but B.nor C.or D.for17.A.our B.your C.their D.sucha18.A.Lookat B.Take C.Make D.Consider19.A.for B.in C.after D.before20.A.master B.goover C.present D.getthroughⅡReadingComprehensionAWomenarealsounderrepresentedintheadministrationandthisisbecausetherearesofewwomenfullprofessors.In1985,RegentBerylMilburnproducedareportblastingtheUniversityofTexasSystemadministrationfornotencouragingwomen.TheUniversitywasratedamongthelowestforthesystem.Ina1987update,Milburncommendedtheprogressthatwasmadeandcalledforevenmoreimprovement.OneofthepositiveresultsfromherstudywasaSystem-wideprogramtoinformwomenofavailableadministrativejobs.CollegeofCommunicationAssociateDeanPatriciaWitherspoonsaiditisimportantthatwomanbeflexiblewhenitcomestorelocatingiftheywanttoriseintheranks.Althoughawomanmayfaceachillyclimateoncampus,manytimesinorderforhertosucceed,shemustriseabovetheproblemsaroundherandconcentrateonherwork.UntilwomenmakeupagreaterpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversityandallacademia,inequitieswillexist."WomenneedtospendtheirenergiesandtimedoingscholarlyactivitiesthatareimportanthereattheUniversity."Skidoossaid."Iftheydothatwillbesuccessfulinthissystem.Iftheyspendtheirtimeinlittlegroupsmourningthesexualdiscriminationthattheythinkexistshere,theyarewastingvaluablestudytime."21.AccordingtoSkidoos,womenneedto_____.A.produceareportonsexualdiscriminationB.callforfurtherimprovementintheirworkingconditionsC.spendtheirenergiesandtimefightingagainstsexualdiscriminationD.spendmoretimeandenergydoingscholarlyactivities22.Fromthispassage,weknowthat_____.A.therearemanywomenfullprofessorsintheUniversityofTexasB.womenplayanimportantpartinadministratingtheUniversityC.theweatheronthecampusischillyD.womenmakeupasmallpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversity23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.thenumberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wasgreaterthanthatof1985B.thenumberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wassmallerthanthatof1985C.thenumberofwomenprofessorswasthesameasthatof1985D.moreandmorewomenprofessorsthoughtthatsexualdiscriminationdidexitintheUniversity24.OneofthepositiveresultsfromMilburn'sstudywasthat_____.A.womenweretoldtoconcentrateontheirworkB.womenweregiveninformationaboutavailableadministrativejobsC.womenwereencouragedtotakeonalltheadministrativejobsintheUniversityD.womenwereencouragedtodomorescholarlyactivities25.Thetitleforthispassageshouldbe_____.A.TheUniversityofTexas B.Milburn'sReportC.WomenProfessors D.SexualDiscriminationinAcademiaBTheeconomyoftheUnitedstatesafter1952wastheeconomyofawell-fed,almostfullyemployedpeople.Despiteoccasionalalarms,thecountryescapedanypostwardepressionandlivedinastateofboom.Aneconomicsurveyoftheyear1955,atypicalyearofthe1950’s,maybetypicalasillustratingtherapideconomicgrowthofthedecade.Thenationaloutputwasvalueat10percentabovethatof1954(1955outputwasestimatedat392billiondollars).Theproductionofmanufacturerswasabout40percentmorethanithadaveragedintheyearsimmediatelyfollowingWorldWar2.Thecountry’sbusinessspentabout30billiondollarsfornewfactoriesandmachinery.Nationalincomeavailableforspendingwasalmostathirdgreaterthanithadbeenithadbeenin1950.Consumersspentabout256billiondollars;thatisabout700milliondollarsaday,orabouttwenty-fivemilliondollarseveryhour,allroundtheclock.Sixty-fivemillionpeopleheldjobsandonlyalittlemorethantwomillionwantedjobsbutcouldnotfindthem.Onlyagriculturecomplainedthatitwasnotsharingintheroom.Tosomeobserversthiswasanominousechoofthemid-1920’s.Asfarmer’sshardoftheirproductsdeclined,marketingcostsrose.Buttherewere,amongtheobserversofthenationaleconomy,afewwhowerenotasconfidentasthemajority.Thosefewseemedtofearthattheboomcouldnotlastandwouldeventuallyleadtotheopposite-depression.26.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheAgriculturalTrendsof1950’s B.TheUnemploymentRateof1950’sC..Economyinthe50’s D.TheFederalBudgetof195227.InLine4,theword“boom”couldbestbereplacedby______.A.nearbyexplosion B.thunderousnoiseC.generalpublicsupport D.rapideconomicgrowth28.ItcanbeinferredthenationalfromthepassagethatmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesin1955viewedthenationaleconomywithanairof_________.A.confidence B.confusion C.disappointment D.suspicion29.WhichofthefollowingwereLEASTsatisfiedwiththenationaleconomyinthe1950’s?A.Economists B.Framers C.Politicians D.Steelworkers30.Thepassagestatesthatincomeavailableforspendinginthe.wasgreaterin1955thanin1950.Howmuchwasit?A.60% B.50% C.33% D.90%CToday,asineveryotherdayoftheyear,morethan3000.adolescentswillsmoketheirfirstcigaretteontheirwaytobecomingregularsmokersasadults.Duringtheirlifetime,itcanbeexpectedthatofthese3000about23willbemurdered,30willdieintrafficaccidents,andnearly750willbekilledbyasmoking-relateddisease.Thenumberofdeathsattributedtocigarettesmokingoutweighsallotherfactors,whethervoluntaryorinvoluntary,asacauseofdeath.Sincethelate1970s,whendailysmokingamonghighschoolseniorsreached30percent,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclined.Whilethedeclineisimpressive,severalimportantissuesmustberaised.First,inthepastseveralyears,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle.Second,inthelate1970s,smokingamongmalehighschoolseniorsexceededthatamongfemalebynearly10percent.Thestatisticisreversing.Third,severalrecentstudieshaveindicatehighschooldropoutshaveexcessivelyhighsmokingrates,asmuchas75percent.Finally,thoughsignificantdeclinesinadolescentsmokinghaveoccurredinthepastdecade,nodefinitereasonsforthedeclineexist.Withinthiscontext,theNationalCancerInstitute(NCI)beganitscurrentefforttodeterminethemosteffectivemeasurestoreducesmokinglevelsamongyouth.31.Accordingtotheauthor,thedeathsamongyoutharemainlycausedby_____.A.trafficaccidents B.smoking-relateddisease C.murder D.allofthese32.Everydaythereareover_____highschoolstudentswhowillbecomeregularsmoker.A.75 B.23 C.30 D.300033.By"dropout"theauthormeans_____.A.studentswhofailedtheexamination B.studentswholeftschoolC.studentswholosttheirway D.studentswhoweredrivenoutofschool34.Thereasonfordecliningadolescentsmokingisthat_____.A.NCIhastakeneffectivemeasuresB.smokingispreventedamonghighschoolseniorsC.therearemanysmokerswhohavediedofcancerD.noneofthese35.Whatisimpliedbutnotstatedbytheauthoristhat_____.A.smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittleB.therearenowmorefemalethanmalesmokersamonghighschoolseniorsC.highsmokingratesareduetotheincreaseinwealthD.smokingathighschoolarefromlowsocio-economicbackgroundsDThefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofallhumanillnessesarerelatedtodietandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.Differentculturesaremorelikelytocausecertaindifferentillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessistoanewdiscovery.In1945,about35yearsago,governmentresearchersrealizedthatnitrates,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodactivities,causedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,anditbecomesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglabelsofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintobeefandlivinganimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreatedcow.Sometimessimilardrugsaregiventoanimalsnotformedicalpurposes,butforfinancialreasons.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpriceonthemarket.AlthoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hastriedrepeatedlytocontroltheseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.36.Whatisthebestpossibletitleofthepassage?A.DrugandFood B.CancerandHealth C.FoodandHealth D.HealthandDrug37.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.DrugsarealwaysgiventoanimalsformedicalreasonsB.SomeoftheadditivesinourfoodareaddedtothefooditselfandsomearegiventothelivinganimalsC.Researchershaveknownaboutthepotentialdangersoffoodadditivesforoverthirty-fiveyears.D.Foodmaycausefortypercentofcancerinworld.38.Howhassciencedonesomethingharmfultomankind?A.Becauseofscience,diseasescausedbypollutedfoodhavenbeenvirtuallyeliminated.B.Ithascausedalackofinformationconcerningthevalueoffood.C.Becauseoftheapplicationofsciencesomepotentiallyharmfulsubstanceshavebeenaddedtofood.D.Thescientistshavepreservedthecolorofmeats,butnotofvegetables.39.Whatarenitratesusedfor?A.Theypreserveflavorinpackagedfoods. B.Theypreservethecolorofmeats.C.Theyaretheobjectsofresearch. D.Theycausetheanimalstobecomefatter.40.Theword'carcinogenic'mostnearlymeans'_____'.A.trouble-making B.color-retaining C.money-making D.cancer-causingEAsthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlife,beingonthegofrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplearenotafraidofstress,andsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsignsofunusualdifficulties.Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.Infactwemakechoicebetween"fight"or"flight"andinmoreprimitivedaysthechoicemadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextreme,buthoweverlittlethestressis,itinvolvesthesameresponse.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong,throughcontinuedexposuretostress,thathealthbecomesendangered.Suchseriousconditionsashighbloodpressureandheartdiseasehaveestablishedlinkswithstress.Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives(itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould),weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.41.Peoplearefindinglessandlesstimeforrelaxingthemselvesbecause_____.A.theydonotknowhowtoenjoythemselvesB.theydonotbelievethatrelaxationisimportantforhealthC.theyaretravelingfastallthetimeD.theyarebecomingbusierwiththeirwork42.Accordingtothewriter,themostimportantcharacterforagoodmanagerishis_____.A.notfearingstress B.knowingtheartofrelaxationC.highsenseofresponsibility D.havingcontroloverperformance43.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.WecanfindsomewaystoavoidstressB.StressisalwaysharmfultopeopleC.Itiseasytochangethehabitofkeepingoneselfbusywithwork.D.Differentpeoplecanwithstanddifferentamountsofstress44.InParagraph3,"suchareaction"refersbackto_____.A."makingachoicebetween'flight'or'fight'"B."reactiontostressbothchemicallyandphysically"C."respondingtocrisesquickly"D."losingheartatthesignsdifficulties"45.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,"doso"refersto_____.A."exposeourselvestostress" B."findwaystodealwithstress"C."removestressfromourlives" D."establishedlinksbetweendiseasesandstress"FInthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.TheywantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleinthe.equal.Someofthemdecidedto"dropout"ofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.Theyformedutopiancommunities,whichtheycalled"communes,"wheretheycouldfollowtheirphilosophyof"doyourownthing."AgroupofartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColoradocalled"DropCity."FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFullertheybuiltdomeshapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.Othergroups,suchasauthorKenKasey’sMerryPranksters,thefollowersforSanFranciscopoetSteveGakin,andagroupthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldschoolhousesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates.TheHogFarmbecamefamouswhentheyhelpedorganizetheWoodstockRockFestivalin1969.SteveGaskin'sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegroupwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana.Notallcommunesbelievedinthephilosophyof"doyouownthing,"however.TwinOaks,acommunefoundedinVirginiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofpsychologist.Skinner.ThepeoplewholivedatTwinOakswerecarefullycontrolledbySkinner's"conditioning"techniquestodothingsthatweregoodforthecommunity.In1972,ItalianarchitectPaoloSoleribegantobuildArcosanti,autopiancityArizonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalledan"archeology"Soleribelievesthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogethersothattheywillallbecomeone.46.WhydidsomeyoungAmericansdecideto"dropout"ofsocietyduringthe1960s?A.TheywerenotsatisfiedwithAmericansociety. B.Theywantedtogrowmarijuana.C.TheywantedtogototheVietnamWar.D.Theydidnotwantallpeopletobeequal.47.WheredidthemembersoftheHogFarmcommunelive?A.Indome-shapedhouse B.InoldschoolhousesC.OnafarminTennessee D.InanarcheologyinArizona48.WhogavethepeopleofDropCitytheideatobuilddome-shapedhouse?A.PaoloSoleri B. C.SteveGaskin D.BuckminsterFuller49.WhatwastheTwinOakscommunebaseon?A.Thephilosophyof"doyourownthing"B.Virginiainthelate1960s C.TheideasofpsychologistD.Thebeliefthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogether.50.Whatisan"archeology"?A.ApersonwhostudiesarchaeologyB.AlargebuildingwherepeoplelivecloselytogetherC.AcityinArizonaD.Atechniquetocontrolpeople阅读与写作（第二部分）Section1ReadingInthisfollowingarticle,somesentencesorparagraphshavebeenremoved.Forquestions51to55,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Thereisonewhichdoesnotfitinanyofthegaps.Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthehistorybooksaregreatconquerors,generals,andsoldiers,whereasthepeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilization(文明)moveforwardareoftennevermentionedatall.Wedonotknowwhofirstlaunchedaseaworthyboat,orwhocalculatedthelengthoftheyear,butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.Peoplethinkagreatdealofthem,somuchsothatonallthehighestpillars(柱子)inthegreatcitiesoftheworldyouwillfindthefigureofaconqueror,ageneral,Itisjustpossiblethattheyarethegreatest,buttheyarenotthemostcivilized.Animalsfight;sodosavages;hencetobegoodatfightingistobegoodinthewayinwhichananimalorasavageisgood,butitisnottobecivilized.Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,andcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputes(争端)otherthanbyseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheotherside,andthensayingthatthatsidewhichhaskilledmosthaswon.Thatiswhatthestoryofmankindhasonthewholebeenlike.Evenourownagehasfoughtthetwogreatestwarsinhistory,inwhichmillionsofpeoplewerekilled.Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopledonotfightandkilleachotherinthestreets,nationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyet,andstillbehavelikesavages.Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afterall,theraceofmenhasonlyjuststarted.Fromthepointofviewofevolution,humanbeingsareveryyoungchildrenindeed.Babies,infact,ofafewmonthsold.Thesefiguresaredifficulttograsp:soletusscalethemdown.Supposethatwereckonthewholepastoflivingcreaturesontheearthasonehundredyears:thenthewholepastofmanworksoutataboutonemonth,andduringthatmonththerehavebeencivilizationsforbetweensevenandeighthours.Takingman’scivilizedpastataboutsevenoreighthours,wemayestimatehisfutureataboutonehundredthousandyears.Thusmankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlife,andasIsay,wemustnotexpecttoomuch.Thepastofmanhasbeenonthewholeaprettybeastlybusiness,abusinessoffightingandkilling.Wemustnotexpectevencivilizedpeoplesnottohavedonethesethings.Allwecanaskisthattheywillsometimeshavedonesomethingelse.[A]Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficiently—this,afterall,iswhatconquerorsandgeneralshavedone—isnotbeingcivilized.[B]AndIthinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors[C]Wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlyindailylife.However,everyyearconflictsbetweencountriesandnationsarestillclaimingthousandsoflives.[D]Andnotonlyhaswon,but,becauseithaswon,hasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.[E]Soyouseetherehasbeenlittletimetolearnin,buttherewillbeoceansoftimeinwhichtolearnbetter.[F]Scientistsreckonthattherehasbeenlifeofsomesortonthe