2024届高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第三册Unit4AdversityandCourage教师用书

UNIT4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGE一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义1．showcourageinadversity 在逆境中展示勇气2．avoyageofdiscovery 探索的航行3．aloyalfriend 一个忠实的朋友4．influenceofConfucianism 儒家思想的影响5．averagewage 平均工资6．aboardtheplane 上飞机7．doubletheblanket 把毯子折叠起来8．personalbelongings 个人财物9．agenuineantique 一件真正的古董10．makeathoroughinvestigation 进行彻底的调查二、表达词汇——在语境中活用(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思1．Theleavestasteratherbitter.(adj.味苦的)2．MyheartsankwhenIknewtheresult.(vi.下沉)3．Theplantsgrowbestincool,dampconditions.(adj.潮湿的)4．Hehasneverstoppedtryingandshowedgreatperseverance.(n.毅力)5．Wemustfindawaytoresolvetheseproblemsbeforeit'stoolate.(vt.解决)(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式1．Thereisanurgentneedforqualifiedteachers.(adj.符合资格)拓展：qualifyvt.(使)合格；(使)具有资格→qualificationn．资格；资历2．TomwasveryenthusiasticaboutgoingtoParis.(adj.热情的)拓展：enthusiasmn．热情；热心→enthusiasticallyadv.热情地3．WhenItaught,Iwouldassignatopictochildrenthattheywouldwriteabout.(vt.布置)拓展：assignmentn．分派；布置；分配4．Graduallyhebegantoacknowledgehisfeelingsofenvytowardshisfriend.(n.羡慕)拓展：enviousadj.嫉妒的5．Theheavysnowforcedmanydriverstoabandontheirvehicles.(vt.放弃)拓展：abandonedadj.被遗弃的；放纵的6．Buyyourselfadecentshirtbeforegoingforaninterview.(adj.得体的)拓展：decencyn．正派；得体；礼仪→decentlyadv.合适地；高雅地；正派地7．Fortunately,theweatherthatwinterwasreasonablymild.(adv.幸运地)拓展：fortunen．[U]机会；运气；[C]大笔的钱→fortunateadj.幸运的→unfortunateadj.不幸的→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遗憾地8．Activitiesalltakeplaceundertheguidanceofanexperiencedtutor.(n.指导)拓展：guidevt.指导n．向导；指南9．ThehousewasadvertisedforsaleatD|S49,000.(vt.做广告)拓展：advertisern．[C]广告商→advertisementn．[C]广告→advertisingn．广告活动；广告业10．Wemadeacommitmenttokeepworkingtogether.(n.承诺)拓展：commitv．犯罪；承诺；保证11．Ifullyunderstandyourmotives.(n.动机)拓展：motivatevt.激励；激发→motivationn．积极性；动机三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思1．Someimpracticalsuggestionswereturneddownbythecommittee.拒绝2．WehaddreamedofvisitingtheGreatWallanditwasnotuntillastyearthatwemanagedtomakeit.成功3．Theysetoffforthedestinationtoolate;otherwisetheywouldn'thavebeenstuckinthestorm.出发4．Hewasenthusiasticaboutsportsandheeventuallybecameanathleteafteryearsofhardwork.热衷于5．Theydiscoveredfireplacesinthecentreofthecaveswheretheymadefire.生火6．(2018·北京高考)Ordinarysoap,usedcorrectly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.处理7．Studentsareprovidedwithbreakfast,whichconsistsofasandwich,adrinkandadessert.由……组成8．TheseChineseherbalmedicinegivesoffauniquesmell.CA．泄露 B．屈服C．放出D．分配四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法1.教材原句Well,itsohappenedthatonemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedition.(Ithappenedthat...“碰巧或恰巧……”)好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。写作亮句Samismycolleague,andithappensthatwespentourchildhoodinthesamecommunity.山姆是我的同事，我们碰巧在同一个社区长大。2.教材原句Wearenowcampedontheiceandwehavebeenmanagingtosurvive,butspringiscoming,andtheicewillsoonbegintomelt.(have/hasbeendoing现在完成进行时)现在，我们在冰层上扎营，一直在设法生存下来，但是，春天就要来了，冰层很快就会融化。写作亮句(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)IhavebeenreadingYouthsinceitwaspublished.自从《青春》发行以来，我一直读它。文化典句Allpeople,whethertheyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.所有的人，无论他们是年老还是年轻，富有还是贫穷，自从灾难发生以来，一直在尽他们最大的努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。3.教材原句WithoutFrankandErnest,we'dallbedeadbynow.(without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句)要不是有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们到现在早就没命了。写作亮句(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Iwouldn'thavemadesuchgreatprogressinmathswithouthispatientandsignificantassistance.如果没有他的耐心的、大力的帮助，我的数学不会取得这么大的进步。五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美常用修辞手法之夸张Theresultoftheexaminationarrives.Failure,despair,sadnesssettledownlikeaheavycloudonhishead.Ariveroftearsispouringoutofhiseyes.Hismindisracingandathousandregretsareracingtoo.Whatifhedidnotsleepathisso-calledboringclasses?Whatifheworkedmorecarefullyattheexam?Whatifhecametotheschoolintimeeveryday?Whatif...考试结果到了。失败、绝望、悲伤像乌云一样笼罩在他的头上。眼泪从他的眼睛里涌出来。他的思想在奔腾，无数的遗憾也在奔腾。要是他不在所谓无聊的课堂上睡觉呢？要是他考试时更加认真呢？要是他每天按时到学校呢？要是……[点评]本段话中“Ariveroftears”以及“athousandregrets”通过夸张眼泪和后悔的数量来体现人物难过懊悔的心情。1．enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的[题点全练](单句语法填空/句式升级)①Althoughshe'sagreenhand,sheplayedwithgreatenthusiasm(enthusiastic)．②Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe'salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.③WhenIvisitedthevillage,thelocalpeoplewereveryenthusiasticto_tell(tell)mealegend.④Asajournalist,Iaminterestedinmychallengingjob.→Asajournalist,Iam_enthusiastic_aboutmychallengingjob.(enthusiastic)[系统归纳](1)be/becomeenthusiasticabout(doing)sth. 热衷于……；对(做)某事热心beenthusiastictodosth. 热衷于做某事(2)enthusiasmn. 热情；热心havean/theenthusiasmtodosth. 有做某事的热情2．envyn．&vt.羡慕；妒忌[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)①ShealwaysenviesmeformycurlyhairwhileIpreferherlongblackhair.②Britain'sNationalHealthServicewasoncetheenvyoftheworld.③Idon'tthinkI'menvious(envy)ofhissuccessandjustadmireit.④Idon'tenvytheyoung'sfollowing(follow)thefashionbuttheirenergy.⑤Ienvy_you_havingsuchaclosefamily.我羡慕你有如此亲密的家庭。[系统归纳](1)envysb.(for)sth. 羡慕/妒忌某人有某物envysb.doingsth. 羡慕/妒忌某人做某事(2)feelenvyat... 对……感到忌妒outofenvy 出于忌妒withenvy 妒忌(常作状语)become/betheenvyof... 成为/是……妒忌或羡慕的对象(3)enviousadj. 嫉妒的(4)envy的过去式、过去分词为envied，现在分词为envying。3．turn(sb.)down拒绝(某人)[题点全练](完成句子)①Toourdisappointment,heturned_downourinvitation.令我们失望的是，他拒绝了我们的邀请。②(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作)Thecompetitionturned_outtobeagreatsuccess.比赛结果非常成功。③Thecaptainoftheshipwasadvisedtoturn_backduetoasuddenheavystorm.由于一场突然的暴风雨，船长被建议返航。[系统归纳]turnover 翻转turnback 往回走；(使)返回turnout 结果是；证明是turnoff 关掉turnin 上交；呈递turnto 转向；求助于turnup 出现；到场；调高(声音)1．abandonvt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃[题点全练](单句语法填空/句式升级)①Pleasekeepinmindthatthosewhoabandonthemselves(they)todespaircan'tsucceed.②Thegirlsjumpedupanddownandwavedtheirarmswithabandon.③Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandoned(abandon)bricksofdifferentages.④Theyabandonedcarrying(carry)outtheplanbecauseofthelackofmoney.⑤HeabandonedhimselftotheInternetgamesanddidn'tpasstheexam.→Abandoning_himself_to_the_Internet_games,_hedidn'tpasstheexam.(现在分词短语作状语)→Abandoned_to_the_Internet_games,_hedidn'tpasstheexam.(过去分词短语作状语)[进阶学习]系统归纳(1)abandononeselfto...沉湎于……；纵情于……abandondoingsth.放弃做某事(2)withabandon放纵地；放任地beabandonedto沉湎于……难点释解(1)abandon的过去分词abandoned可用作形容词，意思是“被遗弃的；纵情的；恣意的”，在句中常用作定语，偶尔也可用作表语或宾语补足语。(2)abandononeselfto意思是“陷于某种情感或状态中”，介词to之后一般接表示某种感情或欲望的词作宾语。(3)abandon用作名词时的意思是“放任；尽情；任意；放纵”，常用于介词短语with(in)abandon中。[练重难点](单句语法填空)⑥Thechildwasfoundabandoned(abandon)butunharmed.⑦Don'tabandonyourselftodespair.Youstillhavechances.⑧Theguestsatthepartydancedwithabandon.2．giveoff放出(热、光、气味或气体)[题点全练](介副词填空)①MadamCurieinsistedthattherewassomethinginnaturethatgaveoffradiation.②Duringthefestival,aneighbourofminegaveoutcandiestochildrenfromeveryhouseholdinthecommunity.③Thecouplegaveawaymostoftheirfortunetothepoorintheirsmalltown.[进阶学习]系统归纳giveintosb.向某人投降/屈服/让步giveout分配；分发；用光；筋疲力尽giveup放弃；认输givein屈服；投降；让步；上交giveaway泄露；赠送；捐赠辨析比较giveout/giveoff这两个短语都表示“散发，发出”之意，通常可以换用，但侧重点有所不同：(1)giveoff通常用来表示“散发，发出”某种气体或气味。(2)giveout则通常用来表示“散发”某种光、声、热、信号等物理现象。此外，它还可以表示“分发，宣布，耗尽”等。[练重难点](英译汉)④Boilingwatergivesoffsteams.开水散发出蒸汽。⑤Theleavesgaveoutawhirringsound.树叶发出沙沙声。1．Ithappenedthat...“碰巧……”[用法规则](1)“Ithappenedthat...”句式中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句；that从句中的主语是人时，此种结构可以与“sb.＋happen＋todosth.”结构互换；(2)“sth.＋happen＋地点/时间”表示“某地(某时)发生了什么事”；(3)“sth.＋happen＋tosb.”表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”。[应用体验]完成句子①It_happened_thatwemetonabustothehospital.我们碰巧在去医院的公交车上见面了。②Heprovedthatit'snotwhat_happens_to_usthatdeterminesourlives—it'swhatwemakeofwhathappens.他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何看待发生的事情。③I_happened_to_see_the_old_man_fall_down,_soIhurriedovertohelphimup.我碰巧看到老人摔倒了，所以我赶忙过去扶起他。一句多译那天布莱恩和彼得碰巧在家。④It_happened_thatBrianandPeterwereathomethatday.⑤Brian_and_Peter_happened_to_beathomethatday.2．without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句[用法规则](1)在without含蓄虚拟结构中，如果与过去事实相反的假设，则主句谓语动词用would/could/might＋havedone；与现在事实相反的假设，则用would/could/might＋do。(2)含蓄虚拟条件句还可以用butfor,otherwise,or,but等词(词组)来引导。(3)otherwise,or构成的含蓄虚拟语气模式为“真实情况＋otherwise/or＋虚拟情况”；而but构成的含蓄虚拟语气模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。[应用体验](完成句子/句型转换)①Icouldn't_have_gone_throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.没有你慷慨的帮助，我不可能度过那段痛苦的时期。②Itisluckythatwebookedaroom,orwewould_have_nowhere_to_stay_now.很幸运，我们订了个房间，否则我们现在就无处安身了。③Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbut_forThomasEdison.要不是托马斯·爱迪生，我们现在从中受益的很多东西就不会存在。④Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewherewearenow.→Ifhe_hadn't_supported_us,_wewouldn'tbewherewearenow.eq\a\vs4\al(\b\lc\|\rc\|(\a\vs4\al\co1(写作主题——践行善行)))历史和现实中不乏为社会慈善事业做出重大贡献的著名人物，也有很多人在默默无闻地做力所能及的善事。哪怕只是一次偶然的帮助，也会给他人和自己带来意想不到的温暖和光亮，通过自己的善行去影响他人，就能创造更美好的社会氛围。弘扬志愿者精神，做现代文明公民，构建和谐社会是现代社会关注的热点，也是高考的焦点。如：2020年全国卷Ⅰ书面表达介绍身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人；2020年新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写讲述了一户善良人家的孩子帮助镇上一个贫困家庭的孩子挣钱的故事。(节选自外研版教材必修第三册UNIT2)NicholasWintonwasbornon19May1909inLondon,toGerman-Jewishparents.ThefamilylatertookBritishnationality.Onleavingschool,WintonworkedinbanksinGermanyandFrance.HereturnedtoBritainin1931,whereheworkedinbusiness.(介绍了温顿早年的经历)InDecember1938,afriendaskedWintontocometoPraguetoaidpeoplewhowereescapingfromtheNazis.InPrague,Wintonsawpeoplelivinginterribleconditionsandwhoseliveswereindanger.HedecidedtohelptransportchildrentosafetyinBritain.Heestablishedanofficetokeeprecordsofthechildren,andthenreturnedtoBritaintofindtemporaryhomesforthem.Heuseddonatedfundsandhisownmoneytopaythe50poundsperchildthattheBritishgovernmentrequired.ByAugust1939,Wintonhadsaved669children.(通过事例叙述了温顿解救孩子的过程)DuringWorldWarⅡ，WintonservedasanofficerinBritain'sRoyalAirForce.Heleftthemilitaryin1954.Hethenworkedforinternationalcharitiesandforvariouscompanies.Forthemostpart,hedidnotmentionthechildrenhesaved,andhisactionssoondisappearedfrompeople'smemories.(通过事例表现温顿热衷慈善事业，不追逐名利)Thatallchangedin1988whenhiswifeGretefoundaforgottenjournalathome.Thejournalcontainedphotographsandnamesofthechildrenandaddressesofthefamiliesthattookthemin.Shesentthejournaltoanewspaper,andthatyearWintonwasseenontheBritishtelevisionprogrammeThat'sLife.Atonepoint,thehostaskedpeopleintheaudiencetostandupifNicholasWintonhadsavedtheirlives.AshockedWintonwatchedasthemajorityofpeoplerosetotheirfeet.Theprogrammebroughthisactionstopublicattention,andWintonbecamearespectedfigurearoundtheworld.(详述了改变温顿人生的事件)Later,Wintonreceivedvarioushonoursforhisachievement,includingaknighthoodin2003,andtheCzechgovernment'shighesthonour,theOrderoftheWhiteLion,in2014.NicholasWintonpassedawayon1July2015,attheageof106.AstheChinesesayinggoes,“Akind-heartedpersonlivesalonglife.”(表达了“仁者寿”的中心思想)由教材学写法1．学亮点词汇第二段中的terrible,indanger写出了那些受纳粹迫害的人的艰难处境，也衬托出温顿的营救行为的伟大。第四段中的shocked,respected等词写出了温顿不沽名钓誉、默默奉献的优秀品质。最后一段中的passaway相对于die更委婉一些，带有缅怀之意。2．学修辞手法文章最后使用了一句中国谚语作为结尾，用词简洁生动，句意通俗易懂，增加了文章的说服力和感染力。3．学行文逻辑本文按时间顺序叙述了温顿的生平。本文中出现的时间词有：19May1909,1931,December1938,August1939,DuringWorldWarⅡ，1954,1988,2003,2014,1July2015等。作者以这些时间为线索，描述了温顿的生平事迹。作者通过这些事迹赞扬了温顿不可磨灭的善行。Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式1．behonouredas 被誉为2．beregardedas 被认为是3．bewellknownfor 以……出名4．becomefamousfor 因……而出名5．devoteone'slifeto 一生致力于6．attachmuchimportanceto 重视7．neverseekfameorpraise 从不追求名利或赞美8．bereadytohelpothers 乐于助人9．goodcommunicationskill 良好的交际技能10．makeefforts/makeaneffort 作出努力Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底1．Thereisnodoubtthathiscontributionisofgreatsignificance.毫无疑问，他的贡献是很重要的。2．Therearemanygreatpeoplewhohavedrivensocialdevelopment.有很多伟人，他们推动了社会的发展。3．HewasawardedoneofthetoptenpeoplemovingChina.他被评为“感动中国十大人物”之一。4．Becauseofthis,herspiritswillneverstopinfluencingme,pushingmetoworkhardtoachievemygoal.正因为如此，她的精神将永不停止地影响我，并促使我努力实现我的目标。5．TuYouyou,afamousscientistofourcountry,wasawardedtheNobelPrizeforMedicinebecauseofherdiscoveringQinghaosu.我国著名科学家屠呦呦因发现青蒿素而获得诺贝尔医学奖。一、作文补写表达亮下面是一篇介绍钟南山的短文，请根据提示，运用上面所学，将文章补充完整。OnSeptember8,2020,ZhongNanshan,China'smedicalexpert,❶was_awarded_the_Medal_of_the_Republic(被授予“共和国勋章”),thehigheststatehonour,❷for_his_outstanding_contribution(因为他的杰出贡献)tofightingtheCOVID-19epidemic.Zhong,❸who_led_the_fight_against_various_viruses(领导了抗击多种病毒的斗争；who引导定语从句),suchasSARSin2003,wasagainputunderspotlight❹as_the_COVID-19_broke_out(当新冠肺炎爆发的时候)．❺Dangerous_as_the_disease_was(虽然这种病是危险的；as引导让步状语从句的倒装形式),❻the_respected_doctor(这位备受尊重的医生)stoodonthefrontlineofepidemicprevention,wherenumerousliveswereatriskoftheshockingCOVID-19.Admittedly,ZhonghashandedoveraperfectanswersheettothePartyandthepeopleandheisaheroicfigure❼fully_deserving_the_honour(完全值得这份荣誉；分词短语作定语)．二、续写语段思维活结合主题，根据下面给出的开头语和情节脉络续写一个80词左右的片段。情节脉络：一个穷困的男孩在挨家挨户地推销商品。饥寒交迫的他向一位女士乞讨了一杯水→那位女士端给他一大杯热牛奶→男孩不安地问要为这杯牛奶付多少钱→女士的回答是：善意不需要付钱→多年后，这位女士重病住院，会诊的医生中就有当年的那个男孩，那个男孩就是名医DrKelly→手术后，DrKelly在账单的背后写下了一行字，然后，账单被交到忐忑不安等着天价手术费的女士手中……Thebillwassenttoherroom.参考范文：Thebillwassenttoherroom.Shewasafraidtoopenitbecauseshewaspositivethatitwouldtaketherestofherlifetopayitoff.Finallyshelooked,andthenoteonthesideofthebillcaughtherattention.Shereadthesewords:“Paidinfullwithaglassofmilk.”ThenotewassignedbyDrKelly.Tearsofjoyfloodedhereyes.Soonafter,shelearnedthatDrKellywasthelittleboy.Shehadneverthoughtthatalargeglassofhotmilkcouldhavesuchagreatimpactonher.课时作业(一)语篇阅读训练——保准度Ⅰ.阅读理解Larrywasonanotherofhisunderwaterexpeditions(探险)butthistime,itwasdifferent.Hedecidedtotakehisdaughteralongwithhim.Shewasonlytenyearsold.Thiswouldbeherfirsttripwithherfatheronwhathehadalwaysbeenfamousfor.Larryfirstbegandivingwhenhewashisdaughter'sage.Similarly,hisfatherhadtakenhimalongononeofhisexpeditions.Sincethen,hehadneverlookedback.Larrystartedoutbyrentingdivingsuitsfromthesmalldivingshopjustalongtheshore.Hehadhatedthem.Theywereeithertoobigortoosmall.Then,therewastheinstructor.Hegavehimashortlessonbeforeallowinghimintothewaterwithhisfather.Hehadmadeanexception.Larrywouldneverhavebeenabletogodownwithoutatleastfivehoursoftheoryandanothersimilarnumberofhoursonpracticallessonswithaguide.Childrenofhisagewerenotevenallowedtodive.Afterthefirstexpedition,Larry'slaterdivingadventuresonlygotbetterandbetter.Therewasneveradullmoment.Inhisblackandbluesuitandwithanoxygentankfastenedonhisback,Larrydivedfromboatsintothemiddleoftheocean.Dangerousareasdidnotpreventhimfromcontinuinghissearch.Sometimes,hewaslimitedtoacageunderwaterbutthatdidnotbotherhim.Atleast,hewasstillabletotakephotographsoftheunderwatercreatures.Larry'sfirstexpeditionwithouthisfatherwasintheCaymanIslands.TherewerenumerousdivingspotsintheareaandLarrywasdeterminedtovisitallofthem.Fortunatelyforhim,amanofferedtotakehimaroundthedifferentspotsforfree.Larrydidnotevenknowwhatthetimewas,howmanyspotshedivedintoorhowmanyphotographshehadtaken.ThedivingspotsaffordedsuchawidearrayoffishandseacreaturesthatLarrysawmorethanthirtyvarietiesofcreatures.Larrylookedathisdaughter.Shelookedasexcitedashehadbeenwhenhewasherage.Hehopedshewouldbeabletocontinuethefamilytradition.Already,shelookedlikeshewasmuchbraverthanLarryhadbeenthen.Thiswasthekeytoasuccessfulunderwaterexpedition.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位名叫Larry的海底探险家准备带他的女儿去海底探险，并由此回忆起了他自己的第一次探险以及后来探险的经历。1．InwhatwaywasthisexpeditiondifferentforLarry?A．Hisdaughterhadgrownup.B．Hehadbecomeafamousdiver.C．Hisfatherwoulddivewithhim.D．Hisdaughterwoulddivewithhim.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，这一次的不同之处在于他的女儿将与他一起潜水。2．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A．Larryhadsomeprivileges.B．Larrylikedtherenteddivingsuits.C．Divershadtobuydivingequipment.D．Ten­year­oldchildrenwerepermittedtodive.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段尤其是最后两句可知，每次潜水前都有导师指导并训练他，在他那个年龄的孩子甚至不被允许去潜水，由此可推断，他有一些特权。3．WhydidLarryhavetostayinacageunderwatersometimes?A．Toprotecthimselffromdanger.B．Todiveintothedeepwater.C．Toadmiretheunderwaterview.D．Totakephotosmoreconveniently.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Dangerousareas...didnotbotherhim.”可知，让他待在笼子里应该是为了保护他。4．WhatdidLarryexpecthisdaughtertodo?A．Becomeasuccessfuldiver.B．Makeagooddivingguide.C．Takealotofphotosunderwater.D．Havelongerhoursoftraining.解析：选A细节理解题。根据本文最后一段内容可知，Larry期望他的女儿成为一名成功的潜水员。Ⅱ.阅读七选五HowtostoplifegettingyoudownWedon'tliketotalkaboutourstruggles,choosinginsteadtoputonabraveface.__5__Therearemanymeanspossibletopreventourselvesfrombeingknockeddown.Tryoutanewhobby.Hobbiesdon'tjustfilltime,buttheyalsohelptogiveyouasenseofpurposeandsomethingtobeproudof.Tryoutanewsport,learntodanceorperhapsjoinamusicclub.__6__Reachout.Ifyou'restrugglingorfeelingdown,alwaysrememberthatyoudon'tneedtobeonyourown.__7__You'llalsofindthatonlineconferencesandsocialmediasitescanprovideopportunitiestoconnectandaskforhelp.__8__Anewview,focusingontinysurprisesinourlife,canhelpyoutofeelmorepositive.Starttoappreciatethebeautyofaflower,afavouritepieceofmusicorasimplesunnyday.Gooutfordinnerandmakeeffortstotrulyenjoytheflavourofyourmealorliebackonyourbed,surroundedbytotalsilence,andsimplyfocusonhowitfeelstobreatheandtorelax.Dothingsforothers.__9__You'llfeelmorepositiveknowingthatyou'recontributingtoabetterworld,whetherhelpingjustonepersonoralargergroup.Trydoingafewrandomactsofkindnesstobrightenupyourday,payforsomeone'sdinneratarestaurantorsendanicelettertosomeonethatyouknoworsomeonethat'smadeadifferencetoyourlife.A．Trytoappreciatethelittlethings.B．Theymaydowondersforyourmood.C．Trynottoworryaboutwhatpeoplethinkofyou.D．Friendswillbehappytohelpandprovidesupport.E．Donotbebotheredbythingsaffectingyourmood.F．Fewthingsbuildself­confidencequitelikedoingafavor.G．So,whenthingsstarttogetyoudown,howcanyoupickyourselfbackup?语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就当遇到困难与挫折时，如何让自己勇敢面对提出了一些建议。5．选G上文谈到“不愿谈论生活中遇到的困难，我们选择以勇敢的面孔去面对”，空后一句提到有多种可能的方法不让自己被压倒，G项“所以，当事情开始让你沮丧的时候，你怎么能重新振作起来呢？”符合语境，起到承上启下的作用。6．选B上文“Hobbiesdon'tjust...somethingtobeproudof.”与B项“Theymaydowondersforyourmood.”承接自然，都讲述了爱好给人带来的好处。7．选D本段主题句是“Reachout.”，D项“Friendswillbehappytohelpandprovidesupport.”与主题句意思一致，选项中的help呼应主题句。8．选A设空处为本段主旨句。根据空后一句可知，本段的建议是欣赏生活中的小事。A项“Trytoappreciatethelittlethings.”可以作为本段主旨句。9．选F选项F与下文内容语境一致，符合逻辑，且选项中的“doingafavor”呼应主旨句Dothingsforothers。Ⅲ.完形填空eq\a\vs4\al(2023·临沂期末考试)Myjourneytoisolation(与世隔绝)inAntarcticawassomewhataccidental.Isawa(n)__10__inaprintpublicationforajobasastationleaderforanexpeditiontoDavisStation,Antarctica.Actually,itwasthe__11__intheadthatcaughtmyattention.It__12__thattheycould“teachAntarctica”butwerelookingforsomeoneinchargeofadiverseteamofmultiskilledexpeditioners.Iwenttothejob__13__andwasthensenttoatrainingcentrewith13mencompetingforthejob.__14__18strangersaroundtheclockforafullyear,withno__15__fromthecoldandstrongwinds,Ihavefirsthandknowledgeaboutwhatitfeelsliketocomeoutofmonthsofisolation.Antarcticaiscompletely__16__—therearenobirdssinging,notreesblowingtheirleaves.Afterbeinginisolation,thenoiseintheoutsideworldseemed__17__.Gosh,ittookmeaboutsixmonthsto__18__thenoisylife.IlimitedthetimeIspentoutsideandgradually__19__mytolerancefornoise.Besides,the__20__ofmylifeinAntarcticawasveryslow,justlikeeveryone'slifeinlockdown(禁闭期)duetothepandemic.WhenIfirstgotintomycarforaridealone,IfeltlikeIwas__21__，eventhoughIwasn't.Andlifewassimpleinisolation.WhenIwasontheexpedition,wedidn'thavemany__22__.Icouldn'tdecideonwhattowearorwhattoeat.SowhenIfirstcamehomeandsaw30typesoffood,Igotabit__23__.NowadaysIoftenthinkbacktowhenIsawthepictureofthepenguinthat__24__metolookattheadforthejob.It'samomentthatchangedmylifecompletely.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者获得了南极探险队领队的工作，虽然在南极经历了一年的艰苦生活和无法逃避的严寒，作者觉得是值得的。10．A.requirement B．pictureC．advertisement D．accident解析：选C根据下文“inthead”可知，作者看到了一则广告。11．A.penguin B．advertiserC．captain D．competitor解析：选A根据下文“whenIsawthepictureofthepenguin”可知，此处是信息词penguin的词汇复现。12．A.warned B．orderedC．doubted D．noted解析：选D此处指广告里特别提到的内容。13．A.interview B．sceneC．application D．market解析：选A根据上文“inaprintpublicationforajobasastationleader”可知，这是一则招聘广告，作者去面试了。14．A.Seeking B．LeadingC．Knowing D．Training解析：选B根据上文“asastationleaderforanexpedition”可知，此处指领导这支探险队。15．A.suffer B．escapeC．concern D．favor解析：选B根据上文“Myjourneytoisolation(与世隔绝)inAntarctica”和“afullyear”可知，作者一年之内无法逃离寒冷和强风。16．A.noisy B．excitingC．silent D．alone解析：选C根据空后“therearenobirdssinging,notreesblowingtheirleaves”可知，南极是安静的。17．A.louder B．goneC．quieter D．normal解析：选A根据下文“mytolerancefornoise”可知，强烈的反差使得噪音显得更大了。18．A.keep B．changeC．suit D．create解析：选C根据下文“IlimitedthetimeIspentoutsideandgradually________mytolerancefornoise.”可知，作者花费六个月才适应了噪音。19．A.putoff B．turneddownC．gaveup D．builtup解析：选D根据上文可知，作者花了6个月的时间逐渐适应了南极的噪音，增强了对噪音的忍耐力。20．A.meaning B．paceC．quality D．level解析：选B根据下文“justlikeeveryone'slifeinlockdown(禁闭期)duetothepandemic”这个类比可知，在南极的生活节奏非常慢。21．A.running B．drivingC．wandering D．speeding解析：选D因为生活节奏很慢，以至于作者开车时以为自己超速了。22．A.choices B．hopesC．tasks D．schemes解析：选A根据上文“Andlifewassimpleinisolation.”可知，与世隔绝的生活很简单，因此在生活上没有很多的选择。23．A.upset B．confusedC．amused D．patient解析：选B根据上文可知，南极的生活很简单，在生活上没有很多选择，因此作者回家后看到30种食物时，不太适应，感到有点困惑。24．A.expected B．advisedC．inspired D．allowed解析：选C根据上文“Actually,itwasthe________intheadthatcaughtmyattention.”可知，正是广告上企鹅的照片吸引了作者的注意力，激发了作者去看招聘广告。Ⅳ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Sometimesloveismorepowerfulthandoctors,andmydadprovedthat.Manyyearsago,mydad,anartist,sufferedfromheartdisease.Hewasunabletoworkforalongtime.Hewouldbefineforawhile,butwouldthenfallsuddenlyillandhavetobeadmittedtothehospital.However,hesti