短文改错综合答题技巧

第六十讲短文改错综合答题技巧一学习目标掌握短文改错答题技巧二考点解析一、短文改错解题“6要诀”1．左顾右盼查名词考生应注意搜寻名词本身出现的错误，还要看该名词前面是否缺限定词、该用何种限定词，尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况。当名词前面有形容词修饰时更要加倍注意。[单句改错]①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.分析：knowledge为不可数名词，不能用复数。故knowledges改为knowledge。②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.分析：城市生活与乡村生活对比，此处特指乡村，故应在countryside前加the。2．与时俱进查动词考生应认真分析动词时态、语态的使用是否正确，是否应用非谓语动词形式。尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息，仔细推敲，从而确定正确的动词时态。同时还需要考虑主谓一致与虚拟语气。[单句改错]①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip.分析：情态动词后跟动词原形，chose的原形是choose。故把chose改为choose。②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.分析：这两句话是回忆童年的事情，因此应用一般过去时。故把think改为thought。3．起承转合查连词考生应认真分析句子结构，如果是并列句或复合句，要特别注意前后分句或主从句的关系，确保在意义和结构上通顺流畅。[单句改错]①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusedforcooking.分析：freshvegetables与highqualityoil是并列关系，不是选择关系，故将or改为and。②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifwestayathome,itiscomfortablebutthereisnoneedtospendmoney. 分析：itiscomfortable与noneedtospendmoney为并列关系，并非转折关系，应将but改为and。4．文通理顺查逻辑考生应特别关注文章的“文通理顺”，“文通”指行文合乎英文词法、句法；“理顺”指行文逻辑符合人们普遍认可的道理。[单句改错]①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetowhereIlive...Instead,hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteadily. 分析：由“Myuncleistheownerofarestaurant...”可知，餐馆是“我”叔叔的，故将our改为his。②(2015·浙江高考)Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundit.Fartherinthedistance,Icouldnotenjoytheviewofsnowymountains. 分析：根据上下文内容可知，从远处可以看到雪山。故将could后的not去掉。5．搭配之中查介词英语中很多短语和固定搭配都是与介词构成的，短文改错中介词的考查具有举足轻重的地位。考生应特别关注短语或固定搭配中的介词搭配。[单句改错]①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.分析：dreamofdoingsth.是固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事”，故dreams后加of。②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.分析：句意：随着工业化的发展，环境被污染了。with表示“随着”，符合题意。故将on改为with。6．一见形、副思转换遇到形容词、副词时，考生应考虑它们之间的转换。无论是短文改错还是语法填空，形容词与副词之间的转换都是经常考查的。[单句改错]①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady. 分析：grow在此是实义动词并非连系动词，应用副词修饰。故steady改为steadily。②(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost！ 分析：修饰名词tomatoes应该用形容词形式，而不能用副词，故将wonderfully改为wonderful。二、短文改错解题“4步走”1．通读全文，了解大意。注意语篇结构和行文逻辑。切忌在不了解文章大意的情况下，逐字逐行地进行修改。2．先易后难，缩小范围。在通读全文的过程中，可以先把文中明显的错误找出来改正，然后再根据具体语境，仔细分析判断，将注意力集中在较难的句子上。3．把握句意，逐行判断。可依据以下口诀判断：动词形，名词数，注意形和副；非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子结构多分析，逻辑错误须关注。4．再次通读，复查验证。把大部分错误改正之后，如果还有拿不准的地方，就应再次通读全文，并利用语感来做最后的判断。三、短文改错解题“4原则”1．改动处以最少为原则。短文改错题要求每句最多有两处错误。改动的方法可以是增词、删词或换词，但无论作何种改动，只能是增加一词、减少一词或将一个词改成另一个词。2．实词以改变词形为原则。在短文改错题中，一般只是改变实词的形式，而不能改变实词的词义，也不能将其改换成另一个实词，更不能随便增删。3．虚词以添加或删除为原则。历年的短文改错题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有2至3处。这些需要添、删的词一般都是虚词(如冠词、介词等)，不是实词(如动词、名词等)，否则会改变句子的原意。4．以保持句子原意不变为原则。做短文改错题时，一般不应改变句子原意。改错时，应该针对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、逻辑错误加以改正，不应更改作者的原意，做到“换词不改意，加词不增意，去词不减意”。如有多种改法，应以保持原意为条件，择其佳者而从之。[课堂巩固训练]What'syourattitudetoAprilFool'sDay?Asurveyhasdoneinourschoolanditshowsthattherearethreedifferentopinion.About40%ofthestudentsthoughtitfuntohavesuchaspeciallydaytoplayjokesoneachother.Besides,itaddsmanypleasuretoourschoollife.Atthesametime,wecantakethischancetotestthatourclassmatesarecleverenough.But30%ofusdon'tlikethedaybecauseeverythingthatseemsindisorderandyoudon'tknowwhomtobelieveorhowtodo.Furthermore,mostjokesareboringandsomeevengotoofar,buttheyoftencausetroubleoranger.Therestthinkpeoplejustplayjokes;don'ttooserious.答案：第二句：has后加been;opinion→opinions第三句：thought→think;specially→special第四句：many→much第五句：that→whether/if第六句：去掉that;how→what第七句：but→so第八句：don't后加be三练习题AIwasrecenttoldthatlisteningtoloudmusicisgradually1.______makingpeoplehardofhearing.I'msureithasalreadybeen2.______happenedtomyneighbor.Foryearsshehasturnedadeaf3.______eartomyrequeststoturnherradiodown.Whenshegavea4.______partysheisn'thavetoinvitetherestofthestreet.Everyone5.______candanceinhermusicinhisownroom.Nowascientisthas6.______discoveredacertainelectronicsoundshavestrangeeffectson7.______rats.Hedeclarestheybreakdown,almostparalyze(瘫)with8.______legstrembled.Thenitissimplyamatterofthrowingthem9.______outbytheirtail.Iwonderifthesamethingwillhappento10._____myneighborsomeday.BDearRalph,I'maseniorstudent.Ihavebeinlovewithaboyforthree1.______years.Butheisashyboy,soIwrotehimaletterfirstly2.______toexpressmyfeeling.Andhewroteback.Inhisletter3.______hesaid,"Wearestudents.Ourtaskisstudy.Letuswait4.______toseeuntilwehaveanychanceaftergraduation."So5.______aftergraduationItelephonedtohim,askinghimabout6.______goout.Buthesaidhedidn'twantto.Hejust7.______wantedtosleepandwatchedTV.8.______WhatdoyouthinkIshoulddo?Doyouthink9.______IshouldcontinuetolovehimandgiveupSheila?10.______CBeforeleavingtheclass,theteacher,MissWhite,saidtoherclass,"Don'tleaveyour[seats.Readyourbooksonyourselves.You1._____wouldstudyhardandbegoodstudents."Assoonastheteacherwentaway,theclassroombecomingnoisy.Oneboydrewapictureoftheteacherontheblackboard.Anotherboybegantomakefacejusttomaketheotherstudentstolaugh.Theboy6._____puthisfingerclosetohismouthandtelltheclassthatMissWhiteiscomingback.AllthestudentssatdowntheirseatsandtheclassroomDOncetherelivedaboywasveryfondofreading.Buthewassopoortobuyanylivedfaraway.Theboyalwaystriedhardtofinishreadthebooksandreturnedthemtotheownerwithinthegivingtime.Sotherichmanwasreadylendinghimanyofthebookshewantedthem.In