直接引语向间接引语的转换

宾语从句宾语从句的分类:that引导的宾语从句。当宾语从句表示的是陈述意义时，用that引导。that在从句中不作成分，也没有意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：Heknewthatheshouldstudyhard..whether,if引导的宾语从句。当宾语从句表示“是否”时用whether或if引导，一般情况下可以互换。他们在句中不作成分，但有疑问意义。从句须用陈述句语序。如：Iaskedif/whethertheywouldwin.特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句。特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时要在从句中作一定的成分，如主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等，表示疑问意义。连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,which等，连接副词主要有when,where,why,how等。此类宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如：Idon'tknowwhathewants. Couldyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?宾语从句的语序当宾语从句为特殊疑问句时，变成宾语从句后，疑问词仍然是原来的疑问词，只是语序变成了陈述句语序。但当连接词既是引导词又是从句中的主语时，特殊疑问句的语序不变。如：Iwanttoknowwhocananswerthisquestion.宾语从句的时态1•当主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时时，宾语从句中的时态不受影响，可根据实际情况使用任何时态。如：IknowthathewillleaveChinatomorrow.当主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时时，宾语从句须使用相应的过去的某个时态。但当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍然在继续时，从句中动词的时态不受主句的谓语动词时态的限制，而要根据实际情况使用相应的时态。如:Hesaidheistwenty.宾语从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象等时，无论主句为何种时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.疑难点一:否定转移当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess‘suppose等，主句的主语是第一人称且为一般现在时时，宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句的动词。此类句子的附加问句部分与宾语从句一致，用肯定形式。如：Idon'tbelieveheisastudent,ishe?疑难点二:if和whether在宾语从句中的区别介词之后的宾语从句的引导词用whether不用if。如：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.whether后可与ornot直接连用，但if不能。如果是whether...ornot,也可以说if...ornot，但习惯上还是用whether•如:Idon'tcarewhether/iftheworkwilltakelongornot.TellmewhetherornotIshouldinviteNickandhiswife.少数动词如leave,put,discuss后的宾语从句常用whether引导。如：Theyarediscussingwhethertheyshouldputupanotice.疑难点三:形容词的宾语从句一些形容词之后所接的从句也是宾语从句，常见的这类形容词有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,sorry等。如：I'mgladthatyou'vehelpedmealot.疑难点四:需要it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置.如：ShethoughtitapitythatImissedthechance.疑难点五:宾语从句中that不能省略的情况从句的主语为that/this或this/that作从句主语的定语时。如：Hesaysthatthatisaveryinterestingnovel.从句前有插入语时。如：Itsays,onthecard,thatitismadeinChina.主语谓语动词带有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的不能省略。如：Ibelievethatyouhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置时。女口：Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。如:Hetoldmethathewouldputsomesignsontheenvelope.介词except,but等后接的宾语从句不能省略that.如：Hisarticleisverygoodexceptthatthereareonlyafewunfitsentences.直接引语与间接引语1•句式的变化：(1)直接引语是陈述句时，变成间接引语要用that引导宾语从句，that可以省略。当直接引语主句的谓语动词为sayto时，在间接引语中要变为tell。直接引语是一般疑问句时，变成间接引语要用if或whether引导宾语从句，当直接引语主句的谓语动词为say时，在间接引语中要变为ask。直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变成间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句。直接引语是祈使句时，变成间接引语时要改为不定式短语，在句中充当宾语补足语。主句中动词为say，间接引语中按照语气分别用asksb/tellsb/ordersb...(not)todosth.2•时态的变化：与宾语从句中时态的变化一致。注意：当直接引语中有情态动词can，may，must，变成间接引语时要用could，might，hadto。3•人称的变化：变为间接引语时，直接引语中的人称代词要根据语境进行变化。A.直接引语的主语是第一人称时，间接引语的主语与主句的主语保持一致。B.直接引语的主语是第二人称时，间接引语中的主语与主句的宾语保持一致C.直接引语的主语是第三人称时，间接引语的主语人称一般不变。4•其他部分的变化地点状语时间状语指示代词：动词：练习：一.把下列句子改为间接引语。“Whereareyougoingtospendyourholiday?”Tonyaskedme.Marysaidtothem,“Iwantsomecoffee.”“I'mreadingthisbook,”saidHelen.Theoldmansaid,“I'llplanttheseflowersinthegardentomorrow.”“Don'ttakeoffyourcoat,”shesaidtohersister.Mothersaidtome,“Willyoustayathomeorplaywithyourclassmate?”7.HesaidtoJohn,“Whenareyoustarting?”Heaskedus,“DoyouknowJohn?”IaskedtheChineseteacher,“Istheregoingtobeasoccergamethisweekend?”Theysaid,“Wepreferjazztorockmusic.”二.把下列句子改为直接引语。1.Theytoldmehewaslilei'sfather.IsaidthatIcouldn'tspeakEnglishwell.Thedoctoraskedhimifhewasfeelingbetterthatday.Theteacheraskedherwhyhehadsomanystrangequestions.Heaskedmewhatdaythatdaywas.Theytoldhertositdownandkeepquiet.Shesayssheissuretowinnexttime.ItoldhimthatwecouldgetalotofinformationontheInternet.Theysaidhehadsomethingimportanttosay.Thedoctortoldhershehadtodrinkmorewater.一.单选题1.Doyouknow lastnight? Sorry,Idon'tknow.ButIthinkheshouldgotobedearlybecausehewillhaveanEnglishexamthisafternoon.whenhegoestobedwhendidhegotobedI'mnotinterestedin ornot.whethertheybelieveinmeC.ifdotheybelieveinmeMyparentstoldme .itwasnevertoolatetolearnC.thatitisnevertoolatetolearnIcan'ttell .whichonemybrotherlikebestC.whichonedoesmybrotherlikebest5. hissongsaresopopular?whenhewenttobedD.whendoeshegotobedB.iftheybelieveinmewhetherwilltheybelieveinmeifitisnevertoolatetolearnD.thatisitnevertoolatetolearnwhichonemybrotherlikesbestD.whichonedoesmybrotherlikesbestWhydoyouthink D.whatdoyouthink6.Thepoliceaskedthechild sothathecouldtakehimhome.wheredidheliveB.wherehelivedhowhelived D.howdidheliveLook,hereismynewmobilephone.---It'sverynice.Couldyoutellme ?howmuchisitB.howmuchitisC.howmuchdoesitcostD.howmuchitwillcost8.LiuMing'smotherwantedtoknow .ifhestudiedhardatschool B.wherehestudiedatschoolC.whatdidhestudyatschoolD.ifhedidstudyhardatschool9.Ididn'tunderstand ,soIraisedmyhandtoask.whatmyteachersaysC.whatmyteachersaidwhatmyteachersaysC.whatmyteachersaid25.Doyouknow now?---InthePeople'sHotel.whereisTomworkingC.whereTomisworkingwhatdoesmyteachersaywhatdidmyteachersaywheredidTomworkwhereTomworked26.Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon'tknow A.whatshouldIchoosewhichshouldIchooseA.whatshouldIchoosewhichshouldIchoose27.Iwassurprisedat .A.whatheissayingwhatdidhesay28.It'ssodark.Ican'tfindout A.if；and B.that；andwhichIshouldchoosewhatIshouldchoosewhathesaidwhatsaidheit'saboy agirl.either；or D.whether；or29.Canyousee ?---No.Let'sgoandhavealook.Maybewecanhelpthem.A.whatishappeningthereB.whataretheydoingtherewhatwashappeningthere D.whataretheytalkingthere30.Don'tyoubelieve tothemoonbyspaceship?A.thatmandidflyB.howdidthemanflyC.ifmanflyD.whethermanflyA.allhaveB.haveallDoeshetellyouA.allhaveB.haveallDoeshetellyou ?A.hehappenedwhatC.whathehappenedHeaskedme .A.whatwasthematterwithmeC.whatthematteriswithhimC.tohaveall D.alltohavewhatdidhehappenD.whathappenedtohimwhatisthematterwithhimwhatthematterwaswithhimItsays,onthebox, itisglassandheavy.A.ifB.whyC.thatD.whetherHesays isaninterestingbook.A.thatthatB./C.whether D.thatifDoyouknowif backnextweek?Ifhe back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes；A.hecomes；willcomewillhecomes；comeshewillcome；hewillcome；comeswillhecomes；willcomePleaseaskourteacher B.whereshallweliveD.whatisherfatherB.whereshallweliveD.whatisherfatherwhyshedidthatfor38.Wedon'tthinkheisgoodatEnglish， ?A.doweB.don'tweC.isheD.isn'the39.Hedoesn'tthinkIwillcomewithyou, ?A.doesheB.doesn'theC.willheD.won'the40.Couldyoutellme ---I'mnotsure.A.howmanypeoplehavebeenoutofhospital B.whenThanksgivingDaywhichanimaldoeshelikebest D.whattimewillthedolphinshowstart41.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25 ChristmasDay.A.isB.was C.hasbeen D.were42.Iwonder youwouldliketocometotheparty.A.thatB.whetherC.thatifD.thatwhether43.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey ameetingtoday.A.had B.has C.willhaveD.areA.whosepenisitC.whosepenitis45.Idon'tthink I A.if；canworkC.that；canwork46.Sheisafraid he___A.that；willcatchC.whether；willcatch二、根据汉语提示完成句子1.我想我应该和她谈谈。Ithink __B.whosepenitwasD.whosepenwasitonthefarm.B.how；willworkwhen；willwork_coldatnight.B.that；catchesD.if；catches__ withher.2.杰克说他有很重要的事情要做。Jacksaidthathe todo.他问我这本书是否值得读。Heaskedme __我只知道她当时在西方一个国家读书。Ionlyknewshe country.我认为玛丽赢不了比赛。I thematch.有时这位母亲不知道她的儿子最需要什么。Sometimesthemotherdoesn'tknow ___抱歉我迟到了。I'msorry .她告诉我说她可以自己完成这项工作。Shetoldmeshe herself.我不知道你对不对。Idon'tknow ornot.经理已明确指出你的想法不能实现。Themanagermade youridea impossible.我不清楚他是否打算去北京。Iwasnotsure toBeijing.你能告诉我你怎么解决这个问题吗？Canyoutellme theproblem?完形填空Ourneighborhoodusedtobeveryquiet.However,thesedays, thingsarehappeninginourneighborhoodandeveryoneisunhappy.ZhaoJun,thelocalschoolteacherisextremely .Whenhewasinterviewedbythelocalnewspaper,hesaid“,Everynightwehearstrangenoises ourwindow.Mywifethinksthatiscouldbean___,butmyfriendsandIthinkitmustbeteenagershaving___.Myparentscalledthepolice,buttheycan't___anythingstrange.Theythinkitmightbethe___.Idon'tthinkso!”ZhaoJun'snextdoorneighborXiangDanis___,too“.Atfirst,Ithoughtitmightbeacat,butIcan'tseeacat,andIstillhearthenoisesoutside.”Everyoneinourneighborhoodisworried,andeveryonehashisorherown___.Theremustbesomething___thehomesinourneighborhood,butwhatisit？1.A.interestingB.excitingC.strangeD.terrible2.A.worriedB.pleasedC.satisfiedD.relaxed3.A.ofB.outsideC.fromD.inside4.A.actorB.accidentC.objectD.animal5.A.troubleB.funC.lessonsD.spo