中考英语二轮语法总复习课件 专题十二 并列句和主从复合句 课件

复合句考察点包括并列句和并列连词、状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句考语法总复专题十二并列句和主从复合句习中考点一并列句和并列连词01常见的并列连词关系常用连词例句顺承、递进、并列关系and,both…and…,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…等Ihelphimandhehelpsme.Mysisternotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell.转折关系Don’ttalkinclass!Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidn’tlikeit.选择关系Don’t+be+adj.Isitaboyoragirl?因果关系Don’tbelateagain!Theyweremakingalotofnoise,sotheteachergotangry.考点一并列句和并列连词02不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词（1）because(因为)，so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。如：Becausehewastired,hecouldn'twalkthere.=Hewastired,sohecouldn'twalkthere.考点一并列句和并列连词03and和or用于否定句中的区别（1）当列举成分是主语,又在否定词之前时，用and连接;当列举成分在否定词之后时，用or构成完全否定。Ican'tsingordance.LucyandLilycan'tspeakChinese.考点一并列句和并列连词03and和or用于否定句中的区别（2）在否定句中,如果所连接的两部分都有否定词,那么用and,而不用or。Thereisnowaterandnoaironthemoon.（3）在否定句中,without之后若有列举成分，则用and连接，构成完全否定;在肯定句中,without之后的列举成分要用or连接才能构成完全否定。Mancan’tlivewithoutairandwater.=Manwilldiewithoutairorwater.考点二状语从句状语从句的定义在主从复合句中作状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导，与主句连接,位于句首时,常用逗号与主句分开，位于句末时，其前一股不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。考点二状语从句01时间状语从句HewasreadingwhenIcamein.常用引导词有when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until等；特殊引导词有theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等。如：Whenhecomeshere,Iwillcallyou.Whiletheteacherisspeaking,Iamlisteningcarefully.考点二状语从句01时间状语从句I’lltellhimthenewsassoonashearrives.常用引导词有when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until等；特殊引导词有theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等。如：Assoonasshegothome,shethrewherbagonthesofa.考点二状语从句01时间状语从句I’ll

wait

for

you

till/untilyoucometoseeme.常用引导词有when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until等；特殊引导词有theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等。如：Ididn’tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.考点二状语从句01时间状语从句IhaveworkedinthisschoolsinceIgraduatedfromuniversity.Itis10yearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.常用引导词有when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until等；特殊引导词有theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等。如：考点二状语从句02条件状语从句Iwillgofishingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.Wecan’tpasstheexamunlesswestudyhard.常用引导词有if,unless；特殊引导词有as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthat。如：考点二状语从句02条件状语从句Useyourhead,andyou’llfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,you’llfindaway.常用引导词有if,unless；特殊引导词有as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthat。如：考点二状语从句03原因状语从句MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mquiet.常用引导词有because,since,as,for；特殊引导词有seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat。如：Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,youcanasksomeoneelseforhelp.考点二状语从句04目的状语从句IworkhardsothatIcangotocollegeinthefuture.常用引导词有sothat,inorderthat；特殊引导词有incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat。如：Heworkeddayandnightinorderthathecouldsucceed.=Heworkeddayandnightinordertosucceed.考点二状语从句04目的状语从句IworkhardsothatIcangotocollegeinthefuture.常用引导词有sothat,inorderthat；特殊引导词有incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat。如：Heworkeddayandnightinorderthathecouldsucceed.=Heworkeddayandnightinordertosucceed.考点二状语从句05结果状语从句Hegotupsoearlythathedidn’tmissthefirstbus.She

is

such

a

lovely

girl

that

we

love

her

very

much.Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.常用引导词有so…that,such…that；特殊引导词有suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat。如：强化训练即时训练_______theyweretalking,thebellrang.A.WhileB.WhenC.WhattimeD.By03【点拨】考查while引导的时间状语从句。when和while都有“当……的时候”之意。但while只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。且while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。【答案】A强化训练即时训练—Thepollutionintheseaisterrible!—Ibelievetheseawillbecleanerwetakeactionnow.A.though B.ifC.unlessD.until03【点拨】考查连词词义辨析。句意：海里的污染很糟糕！我相信海洋将会变得更加干净，如果我们现在采取行动。根据上句“我相信海洋将会变得更加干净”和下句“我们现在采取行动”可知，上下句是互为条件的。if意为“如果”，引导从句，表条件。【答案】B强化训练即时训练Thedoctorlookstiredandsleepy________hestayeduplatetolookafterhispatientsyesterday.A.becauseB.ifC.unlessD.until03解析：考查引导结果状语从句的连接词。句意：—《哈利波特》是一本如此有趣的小说，我想再看一遍。—我同意你的说法。Iwanttoreaditagain“我想再看一遍”是个句子，故排除B和D；aninterestingnovel“一本有趣的小说”是名词短语，需用形容词修饰。so是副词。答案：C强化训练即时训练Wewillgo___________（无论在哪儿）themotherlandneedsusmost.03解析：考查地点状语从句的引导词。句意：我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。go是不及物动词，在句中作谓语，wherever是副词，引导themotherlandneedsusmost这个句子，修饰go，作状语。答案：wherever强化训练即时训练—Manyboystudentsthinkphysicsis________geography．—Iagree.I’mweakingeography．

A.muchdifficultthan B.asdifficultas C.lessdifficultthan D.moredifficultthan03解析：考查比较状语从句。句意：—许多男学生认为物理不如地理难。—我同意。我不擅长地理。根据Iagree.I’mweakingeography.“我同意。我不擅长地理”可推知，许多男学生认为物理不如地理难。less…than“不如；不及”，than引导的比较状语从句。答案：C强化训练即时训练—HarryPotteris____aninterestingnovel____Iwanttoreaditagain.—Iagreewithyou.A.so;that B.too;to C.such;thatD.as;as03解析：考查引导原因状语从句的连接词。句意：这位医生看起来又困又累，他昨天因照顾病人而熬夜了。根据lookstiredandsleepy“看起来又累又困”可猜测出，是由于昨天熬夜照顾病人了。because引导原因状语从句。答案：A强化训练即时训练—Whatamess!Thesharingbikesarethrowneverywhere.—Let’scollectandputthemintherightplace_____theycanbeusedconveniently.A.unlessB.sothatC.becauseD.solongas03解析：考查引导目的状语从句的连接词。句意：—太乱了！共享单车被扔的到处都是。—为了我们可以很便利地使用它们，让我们把它们整理一下放到合适的地方。由Whatamess“太乱了”可推知，把单车整理一下放到合适的地方是为了方便使用。sothat“为了；以便于”引导目的状语从句。答案：B考点三宾语从句01宾语从句的含义Heknewwhosangbestinhisclass.(从句whosangbestinhisclass放在动词knew的后面,作宾语,who是引导该从句的连接词)Iagreewithwhatyousaidjustnow.(从句放在介词with的后面，作宾语,what是连接词)置于动词、介词等后面,充当宾语成分的从句叫宾语从句。无论何时宾语从句都是陈述句语序,即引导词(连接词)+主语+谓语+。例:考点三宾语从句02引导宾语从句的连接词that:没有词义,只起连接作用,用来引导意思完整的陈述句,可以省略。(2)whether/if:"是否”,在从句中不作成分,不可省略。通常可以互换,但是介词后面只能用whether。 Iwonderif/whetherhegoestoworkbycartoday.考点三宾语从句02引导宾语从句的连接词(3)特殊疑问词:当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来时,连接词就用原来的特殊疑问词,但从句一定要注意用陈述句语序。①连接代词:what,which,who,whom,whose(在宾从句中作主、宾、表和定语)②连接副词:where,when,how,why(在宾语从句中作状语)Peopledon'tknowwhatisgoingtohappennext.(what在宾语从句中作主语)Heaskedmewhosecomputeritis.(whose在宾从中作定语)Couldyoutellmewhyyouwerelatethismorning?(why在宾语从句中作原因状语)考点三宾语从句03宾语从句应该注意两点时态需求原则主句为一般现在时,从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定Iremember(that)hegavemeabookyesterday.Shewonderswhenhewillcomeback.转折关系呼应原则主句为一般过去时,从句应用一种相应的过去时态Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.HeaskedmeifIhadhadfunattheparty.语态特殊原则当从句为客观事实或真理时,从句永远用一般现在时Hetoldmethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.(真理)语态主谓顺序宾语从句要用陈述句语序(先主后谓)Whatishise-mailaddress?→Doyouknowwhathise-mailaddressis?考点三宾语从句03宾语从句应该注意两点时态需求原则主句为一般现在时,从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定Iremember(that)hegavemeabookyesterday.Shewonderswhenhewillcomeback.转折关系呼应原则主句为一般过去时,从句应用一种相应的过去时态Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.HeaskedmeifIhadhadfunattheparty.语态特殊原则当从句为客观事实或真理时,从句永远用一般现在时Hetoldmethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.(真理)语态主谓顺序宾语从句要用陈述句语序(先主后谓)Whatishise-mailaddress?→Doyouknowwhathise-mailaddressis?考点三宾语从句04宾语从句的简化情况从句简化例句主、从句主语一致时主句谓语动词hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等hop/wish/decide/agree/choose+todoIhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.特殊原则主句谓语动词是know,

remember,forget,learn等know/remember/forget/learn+疑问词+todoShedoesn'tknowwhatshecanwriteabout.=Shedoesn'tknowwhattowriteabout.主句的谓语动词接双宾语,从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致ask/tell/show/teach+疑问词+todoWillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?=Willyoupleaseshowmehowtoworkitout?其他简化为对应的名词或名词短语Idon'tbelievewhatTomsaid.=Idon'tbelieveTom'swords.强化训练即时训练1.Iwanttoknowifhe____tomorrow.Ifhe____,Iwillcallyou.A.comes;comes B.willcome;comesC.willcome;willcome D.comes;willcome03【点拨】if引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”，从句时态的确定依据：主过从过、主现从需、从事从现；if引导状语从句时，意为“如果”，表条件，从句时态依据：主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现。tomorrow是一般将来时的时间状语标志。【答案】B强化训练即时训练2.Idon’tknow_________.A.whathappenedtohim B.whatdidhehappen C.whathehappenedD.whathappenedhim03【点拨】happen“发生”是不及物动词，其用法是sth.happentosb.相当于sb.havesth.,对sth.提问应用what，疑问句的语序不变。类似用法的除了what之外，还有Whichisthewaytoschool?Whohelpedus?等。【答案】A强化训练即时训练3.Iwanttoknow_________next.A.whattodo B.wheretodoC.howtodoD.whentodo03【点拨】whattodo是宾语从句变来的简单句，相当于“what+主语+情态动词或助动词+do”。do是及物动词，后边必须加宾语。howtodoit才是正确的，相当于“how+主语+情态动词或助动词+doit”；whentodo和howtodo用法同理。【答案】A强化训练即时训练—Wow,yourdressisreallynice.Couldyoutellme？—InBeautyClothesStore.A.whenyouboughtitB.howmuchyouspentonitC.whereyouboughtitD.howlongyouhavehadit03解析：考查宾语从句连接词。由答语InBeautyClothesStore“在美丽服装店”可知，上句询问地点，连接词应用where。答案：C强化训练即时训练Thereissomuchnoiseinthenextroom.Iwonder____________.A.whataretheydoingBwhatweretheydoingC.whattheyaredoingD.whattheyweredoing03解析：考查宾语从句语序。句意：隔壁的房间如此吵闹，我想知道他们正在做什么。宾语从句使用陈述句语序，排除选项A、B；根据第一句及主句的时态可知宾语从句使用现在时态，排除选项D。答案：C强化训练即时训练—Tom,Iwenttothepartyyesterdayevening.—Oh,Iwanttoknowattheparty.A.whodoyoumeet B.whoyoumeetC.whodidyoumeet D.whoyoumet03解析：考查宾语从句的时态和语序。宾语从句要注意引导词、陈述语序、时态。由上文yesterdayevening可以判断下文谈论的是昨天晚上的晚会，故要用过去时，且宾语从句用陈述语序。答案：D考点四定语从句01定语从句的基本知识1.含义在主从复合句中,放在名词或代词后面作定语的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。2.关系词引导定语从句的是关系词。分为两类;关系代词that,which,who,whom,whoseAwhen,where,why。3.结构关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。考点四定语从句01定语从句的基本知识1.含义在主从复合句中,放在名词或代词后面作定语的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。2.关系词引导定语从句的是关系词。分为两类;关系代词that,which,who,whom,whoseAwhen,where,why。3.结构关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。考点四定语从句02关系代词的用法关系代词指代对象所作成分that人或物主语或宾语which物主语或宾语who人主语或宾语whom人宾语whose人或物宾语考点四定语从句02关系代词的用法1.一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语。关系代词作谓语动词的宾语时可以省略。如果紧跟在介词后作介词的宾语,不能用that,只能用whom或which,且不能省略。who在从句中既可以作主语又可以作宾语;whom只能作宾语。whose在从句中作定语。例:(1)

HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.(2)

I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.(先行词theday指时间,关系词在定语从句中作介词on的宾语,应用which)(3)

YesterdayIsawafilmwhosenameisMulan.