劳动经济学-教学大纲

劳动经济学》教学大纲课程编号：150022B课程类型：专业选修课总学时：32讲课学时：32实验（上机）学时：学分：2适用对象：经济学、管理学等先修课程：初级微观经济学、初级宏观经济学、中级微观经济学、中级宏观经济学、计量经济学、统计学一、课程的教学目标完成本课程后，学生将能够读懂有关劳动力市场问题的文章，并对劳动力市场如何运作有一个全面了解。学生也将获得和运用经济学工具来解释和讨论与劳动力市场相关的政策问题。二、教学基本要求本课程是劳动经济学的初级课程，着重点在于如何运用应用微观经济学的理论和实证分析来学习劳动经济学。劳动经济学主要研究企业和个人行为和市场中的相互作用下各种结果。我们从企业层面、个人层面和市场层面来分析影响就业和失业的因素。我们还将研究国际上和国家具体的制度规则在个人和公司的劳动决策中发挥的作用。授课老师的作用应该是为学生提供指导，资源和支持。本课程的主要教学方法是课堂授课。学生应该在来上课前完成指定的资料阅读；来上课的学生要积极参与课堂讨论和思考回答老师的提问、按时完成作业、和参加考试。课程评估标准如下：课堂参与（出席，课堂讨论，问答）（15%）课堂演示（15%）作业（10%）期末考试（60%）三、各教学环节学时分配（黑体，小四号字）教学课时分配序号章节内容讲课实验其他合计1劳动力供给66劳动力需求55竞争性均衡44人力资本33工资结构33劳动力流动33歧视，工会，失业88合计3232四、教学内容第一章劳动力市场经济学导论第一节个人、企业和政府的决定第二节劳动市场经济第三节劳动力市场结果的初步探索第四节供应和需求模型：劳动经济学的主力1、竞争性劳动力市场的工资和就业第五节当前的政策问题第六节劳动力市场与其他市场的相似性与差异性各种表演者的目标社会学、制度和立法限制市场不完善复杂的价格，服务于多种功能第七节另类视角关键点和难点：劳动力市场与其他市场的供求模式和相似性与差异性评价：应用供需模型，了解模型背后的运动机理。第二章劳动力供给：个人对劳动力市场的依附第一节劳动供给理论扩展和应用劳动供给理论量化劳动力市场依附小时基本收入休闲模式比较静态派生劳动供给曲线经验证据第二节扩展和应用增加和劝阻工人的效果隐性失业兼职，加班，和灵活的工作时间关键点与难点：劳动供给理论与基本收入休闲模式评价：论证了对劳动供给理论的认识，并将所得的休闲模式应用于现实世界市场现象。第三章劳动供给与公共政策：工作激励效应的替代第一节收入维持计划理论上的静态部分平衡效应地域人口补助福利负所得税工资补贴和所得税抵免就业保险残疾支助和工人赔偿儿童保健补贴第二节激励效应的说明性证据非实验的证据。实验证据自给自足的项目关键点和难点：激励效应和静态部分平衡效应评价：从不同的公共政策对劳动力供给的激励效应进行解释和分析第四章竞争性劳动力市场中劳动力的需求第一节产品和劳动力市场结构的分类第二节短期内对劳动力的需求第三节工资，劳动的边际生产率，产品市场的竞争第四节长期的劳动力需求1等产量线，isocosts，成本最小化得出公司的劳动需求表3、分离工资变动的规模和替代效应第五节短期和长期的劳动力需求之间的关系第六节成本最小化下的劳动力需求第七节劳动力需求弹性可用性替代输入替代品供给弹性产出需求弹性劳动力成本在总成本中的份额经验证据第八节需求状况的变化，全球化和外包贸易对一个单一的劳动力市场的影响跨部门贸易影响证据其他需求方面的因素重点和难点：关系之间的短期和长期运行的劳动力需求，劳动力的需求弹性。评价：了解短期和长期的劳动力需求和劳动力需求弹性，并能够将知识应用到现实世界市场需求问题。第五章单一劳动力市场的工资和就业第一节竞争性企业与市场的互动第二节产品市场的不完全竞争垄断垄断竞争和寡头垄断产品市场结构和市场工资的偏离第三节与供需合作线性供求函数应用：一个单位工资税的发生率第四节在劳动力市场买方垄断简单的买方垄断。影响买方垄断。3。特色monopsonists完美的买方垄断工资的分化。第五节垄断证据第六节最低工资立法预期影响：竞争性劳动力市场预期的影响：在劳动力市场买方垄断预期影响：其他可能的抵消因素实际影响实证关键点和难点：劳动力市场的不完善竞争和最低工资立法评价：了解劳动力市场不完善的竞争，使最低工资立法与不完全竞争之间的联系第六章补偿工资差异第一节工资和工资结构的目的第二节补偿工资理论单公司等利润表不同的公司有不同的安全技术单个人的偏好不同个体的风险偏好单一企业、单一个体的均衡与许多公司和个人的平衡第三节安全调节效应完全竞争的市场不完善的信息管制的理由安全监管：行为经济学的观点第四节工资补偿的实证研究第五节政策的影响关键点和难点：风险偏好和补偿工资评价：了解补偿工资理论，并将其应用于实证分析。第七章人力资本理论：教育与培训的应用第一节人力资本理论第二节私人投资教育第三节教育作为一种过滤器第四节实证证据教育和收入第五节人力资本收益函数信号，筛选和能力解决能力偏差增加教育和不平等的收益社会回报教育第六节训练谁付钱？政府的适当作用政府培训项目评估关键点与难点：人力资本收益函数评价：掌握人力资本收益函数，了解教育培训的应用第八章移民经济学第一节政策环境第二节移民对劳动力市场的影响第三节经济同化第四节移民结果与公共政策第五节移民对来源国的影响人才流失关键点和难点：移民的结果和公共政策评价：从移民对经济的影响。第九章歧视与男女收入差距第一节歧视：原因和来源歧视的理由歧视的来源第二节劳动力市场歧视理论需求理论的歧视供应理论的歧视歧视非竞争性的理论。生产力差异：选择还是歧视？女权主义观点第三节关于男性女性收入差距的证据测量歧视男性女性差异的实证结果其他群体的实证结果第四节打击性别歧视政策1传统的平等工资立法平等的价值，支付的权益，或类似的价值立法平等价值立法的存在同等价值程序经济与行政理念的价值平等价值活动的基本原理平等价值活动范围具有可比性的价值薪酬公平的例子11平等就业机会立法积极行动或就业平等促进女性就业的政策改变偏好和态度第五节政策的影响1传统的平等薪酬政策肯定行动可比的价值和报酬的公平可比价值的就业效应关键点和难点：歧视和收入差距评价：了解不同类型的歧视及其政策含义。第十章工会影响工资和非工资性的结果第一节工会工资的影响1理论背景和概念问题2工会工资影响测量中的若干问题第二节工会工资影响的实证研究1早期研究2造型结合的发生率及影响纵向研究美国平均影响的总结第三节工会工资变动的影响第四节工会工资影响：总结第五节工会，工资差异，收入分配第六节。联盟对资源配置和经济福利的影响第七节。工会对非实质性结果的影响1工会和福利2工会对就业的影响工会对工作条件的影响工会对离职倾向和流动性的影响工会对生产力、盈利能力和投资的影响关键点和难点：联盟，营业额和流动性评价：示范知识和理解对工资和非工资结果的影响第十一章失业：含义和测量第一节测量失业1劳动力调查2就业保险索赔人隐性失业、边际劳动力的依附第二节劳动力动态1失业的发生率和持续时间2改变失业的观点失业率的差异关键点和难点：劳动力调查和失业率和持续时间评估：了解如何衡量失业和失业问题。五、其它授课老师应根据学生的能力适当调节课程进度和内容六、主要参考书*Benjamin,D.,M.Gunderson,T.Lemieux,andW.C.Riddell,“LabourMarketEconomics”(7thEdition),Toronto:McGrawHillRyerson,2012.AvailableattheDanaPorterlibrary*Borjas,G.,“LaborEconomics”,IrwinMcGrawHill.

LaborEconomicsCourseOutlineCourseCode:150022BCourseCode:150022BCourseType:ElectivesPeriods:32Lecture:32Experiment(Computer):Periods:32Lecture:32Experiment(Computer):0Credits:2:Economics,Management:Includeintroductory-to-intermediatemicroeconomicsandacourseinstatisticsorEconometricsCourseObjectivesUponcompletionofthiscoursethestudentswillbeabletocriticallyreadpublicdocumentsdealingwithlabormarketissuesandestablishacomprehensiveunderstandingofthelabormarketoperation.Thestudentswillgain&applytheeconomictoolstoexplainanddiscussthepolicyissues.CourseRequirementsThiscourseisanintroductiontolaboreconomicswithanemphasisonappliedmicroeconomictheoryandempiricalanalysis.Laboreconomicsfocusonthestudiesonthebehavioroffirmsandindividualsandthevariousoutcomesoftheirinteractionswithinmarkets.Wewillanalyzefirm-level,individual-levelandmarket-levelfactorsaffectingemploymentandunemployment.Wewillalsostudytheroleofinternationalforcesandcountry-specificinstitutionalrulesgoverninglabordecisionsonthepartofindividualsandfirms.Theinstructor'sroleistoprovideguidance,resources,andsupport.Lecturingisthemainteachingapproachinthiscourse,butstudentsareresponsibleforengagingactivelyintheprocess.Todowellinthiscoursestudentsneedtocompletetheassignedreadingsbeforecomingtoclass,cometoandparticipateinclass,anddohomeworkandcometoexams.Thecourseassessmentisbasedonthefollowing:ClassParticipation(Attendance,Discussion,Q&A)(15%)ClassPresentation(15%)(60%)Assignment(10%)(60%)FinalExaminationCoursePlanning教学课时分配(ClassSchedule)序号章节内容讲课实验其他合计PartILaborSupply66LaborDemand55CompetitiveEquilibrium44HumanCapital33TheWageStructure33LaborMobility33Discrimination,Unions,Unemployment88合计3232CourseOutlineChapter1IntroductiontoLaborMarketEconomicsSection1.DecisionsbyIndividuals,Firms,andGovernmentsSection2.SubjectMatterofLaborMarketEconomicsSection3.PreliminaryExplorationsofLaborMarketOutcomesSection4.TheSupplyandDemandModel:WorkhorseofLaborEconomicsWagesandEmploymentinaCompetitiveLaborMarketSection5.CurrentPolicyIssuesSection6.SimilaritiesandDifferencesbetweentheLaborMarketandOtherMarketsVariousActorswithaVarietyofGoalsSociological,Institutional,andLegislativeConstraintsMarketImperfectionsComplexPrice,ServingaVarietyofFunctionsSection7.AlternativePerspectivesKeypointsandDifficulties:thesupplyanddemandmodelandsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthelabormarketandothermarketsEvaluation:applythesupplyanddemandmodelandunderstandthemechanismofmovementsbehindthemodel.Chapter2LaborSupply:IndividualAttachmenttotheLaborMarketSectionOne:TheTheoryofLaborSupplyExtensionsandApplicationsTheTheoryofLaborSupplyQuantifyingLaborMarketAttachmentHoursBasicIncome-LeisureModelComparativeStaticsDerivingtheIndividualSupplyCurveofLaborEmpiricalEvidenceSectionTwo:ExtensionsandApplicationsAddedandDiscouragedWorkerEffectsHiddenUnemploymentMoonlighting,Overtime,andFlexibleWorkingHoursKeypointsandDifficulties:thetheoryoflaborsupplyandbasicincome-leisuremodelEvaluation:demonstratetheunderstandingonthetheoryoflaborsupplyandapplytheincome-leisuremodeltotherealworldmarketphenomenon.Chapter3LaborSupplyandPublicPolicy:WorkIncentiveEffectsofAlternativeSection1.IncomeMaintenanceSchemesStaticPartialEquilibriumEffectsinTheoryDemograntWelfareNegativeIncomeTaxWageSubsidyandEarnedIncomeTaxCreditEmploymentInsurance7.DisabilityPaymentsandWorkers'Compensation8.Child-CareSubsidySection2.IllustrativeEvidenceofIncentiveEffectsNonexperimentalEvidenceExperimentalEvidenceTheSelf-SufficiencyProjectKeypointsandDifficulties:incentiveeffectsandstaticpartialequilibriumeffectsintheoryEvaluation:explainandanalyzetheincentiveeffectsfromdifferentpublicpolicyonlaborsupply.Chapter4DemandforLaborinCompetitiveLaborMarketsSection1.CategorizingtheStructureofProductandLaborMarketsSection2.DemandforLaborintheShortRunSection3.Wages,theMarginalProductivityofLabor,andCompetitionintheProductMarketSection4.DemandforLaborintheLongRunIsoquants,Isocosts,andCostMinimization2.DerivingtheFirm'sLaborDemandSchedule3.SeparatingScaleandSubstitutionEffectsofaWageChangeSection5.TheRelationshipbetweentheShort-andLong-RunLaborDemandSection6.LaborDemandunderCostMinimizationSection7.ElasticityofDemandforLaborAvailabilityofSubstituteInputsElasticityofSupplyofSubstituteInputsElasticityofDemandforOutputShareofLaborsCostinTotalCostsEmpiricalEvidenceSection8.ChangingDemandConditions,Globalization,andOutsourcingTheImpactofTradeonaSingleLaborMarketCross-SectoralImpactofTradeEvidenceOtherDemand-SideFactorsKeypointsanddifficulties:therelationshipbetweentheshort-andlong-runlabordamand,elasticityofdemandforlabor.Evaluation:understandtheshort-runandlong-runlabordemandandelasticityofdemandoflaborandtobeabletoapplytheknowledgetotherealworldmarketdemandissues.Chapter5WagesandEmploymentinaSingleLaborMarketSection1.TheCompetitiveFirm'sInteractionwiththeMarketSection2.ImperfectCompetitionintheProductMarketMonopolyMonopolisticCompetitionandOligopolyProductMarketStructureandDeparturesfromMarketWagesSection3.WorkingwithSupplyandDemandLinearSupplyandDemandFunctionsApplication:IncidenceofaUnitPayrollTaxSection4.MonopsonyintheLaborMarketSimpleMonopsonyImplicationsofMonopsonyCharacteristicsofMonopsonistsPerfectMonopsonisticWageDifferentiationSection5.EvidenceofMonopsonySection6.Minimum-WageLegislationExpectedImpact:CompetitiveLaborMarketExpectedImpact:MonopsonyintheLaborMarketExpectedImpact:OtherPossibleOffsettingFactorsEmpiricalEvidenceonActualImpactKeypointsanddifficulties:imperfectcompetitioninthelabormarketandminimum-wagelegislationEvaluation:understandtheimperfectcompetitioninthelabormarketandmaketheconnectionbetweenminimum-wagelegislationtotheimperfectcompetition.Chapter6CompensatingWageDifferentialsSection1.PurposesofWagesandWageStructuresSection2.TheoryofCompensatingWages1.SingleFirm'sIsoprofitScheduleDifferentFirmswithDifferentSafetyTechnologies3.SingleIndividual'sPreferencesDifferentIndividualswithDifferentRiskPreferencesEquilibriumwithSingleFirm,SingleIndividualEquilibriumwithManyFirmsandIndividualsSection3.EffectofSafetyRegulationPerfectlyCompetitiveMarketsImperfectInformationRationaleforRegulation4.SafetyRegulation:TheBehavioralEconomicsViewSection4.EmpiricalEvidenceonCompensatingWagesSection5.PolicyImplicationsKeypointsanddifficulties:riskpreferencesandcompensatingwagesEvaluation:understandthetheoryofcompensatingwagesandtobeabletoapplyittheempiricalanalysis.Chapter7HumanCapitalTheory:ApplicationstoEducationandTrainingSection1.HumanCapitalTheorySection2.PrivateInvestmentinEducationSection3.EducationasaFilterSection4.EmpiricalEvidenceEducationandEarningsSection5.TheHumanCapitalEarningsFunctionSignaling,Screening,andAbilityAddressingAbilityBiasIncreasedReturnstoEducationandInequalitySocialReturnstoEducationSection6.TrainingWhoPays?AppropriateRoleofGovernmentEvaluationofGovernmentTrainingProgramsKeypointsanddifficulties:humancapitalearningsfunctionEvaluation:masterhumancapitalearningfunctionandunderstandtheapplicationtoeducationandtraining.Chapter8TheEconomicsofImmigrationSection1.ThePolicyEnvironmentSection2.TheImpactofImmigrantsontheLaborMarketSection3.EconomicAssimilationSection4.ImmigrantOutcomesandPublicPolicySection5.TheImpactofImmigrationonSourceCountriesTheBrainDrainKeypointsanddifficulties:immigrantoutcomesandpublicpolicyEvalution:understandtheeconomicimpactfromimmigration.Chapter9DiscriminationandMale-FemaleEarningsDifferentialsSection1.Discrimination:ReasonsandSourcesReasonsforDiscriminationSourcesofDiscriminationSection2.TheoriesofLaborMarketDiscriminationDemandTheoriesofDiscriminationSupplyTheoriesofDiscriminationNoncompetitiveTheoriesofDiscriminationProductivityDifferences:ChoiceorDiscrimination?FeministPerspectivesSection3.EvidenceonMale-FemaleEarningsDifferentialsMeasuringDiscriminationEmpiricalResultsonMale-FemaleDifferentialsEmpiricalResultsforOtherGroupsSection4.PoliciestoCombatSexDiscrimination1.ConventionalEqualPayLegislationEqualValue,PayEquity,orComparableWorthLegislationExistenceofEqualValueLegislationEqualValueProceduresEconomicversusAdministrativeConceptsofValueRationaleforEqualValueInitiativesScopeofEqualValueInitiativesDesignFeaturesofComparableWorthPayEquityExampleEqualEmploymentOpportunityLegislationAffirmativeActionorEmploymentEquityPoliciestoFacilitateFemaleEmploymentAlterPreferencesandAttitudesSection5.ImpactofPolicyInitiatives1.ConventionalEqualPayPoliciesAffirmativeActionComparableWorthandPayEquityEmploymentEffectsofComparableWorthKeypointsanddifficulties:discriminationandearningdifferentialsEvaluation:understanddifferentkindsofdiscriminationandtheirpolicyimplication.Chapter10UnionImpactonWageandNonwageOutcomesSection1.UnionWageImpact1.TheoreticalBackgroundandConceptualProblemsSomeProblemsinMeasuringtheUnionWageImpactSection2.EmpiricalEvidenceonUnionWageImpact1.EarlyStudies2.ModellingUnionIncidenceandImpactLongitu