2023年自考类英语自考英语阅读(二)历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年自考类英语自考英语阅读(二)历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.BothOxfordandCambridgeregularlycometopinanyrankingoftheworld'sbestuniversities.Thetwouniversitiesbeganwithinacenturyofeachother.Unlikemostmodernuniversities,bothOxfordandCambridgeconsistofalargenumberofcolleges.Throughthecenturies,bothuniversitieshavemadehugecontributionstoBritishculturallife.Theyhaveproducedgreatwriters,worldleadersandpoliticians.

Theg______ofOxfordandCambridge.2.Theabilityandwillingnessofolderworkerstocontinueworkingdependalsoontheirpersonalstateofhealth,conditionsofworkandmotivation.Olderworkersfacespecialdifficultiesatwork,suchasgreatervulnerabilitytostraininaworkingenvironment,problemsinadaptingtonewworkingmethodsandtechniquesandstressesassociatedwiththetransitiontoretirement.Ensuringappropriateconditionsofworkforolderpersonsiscrucial.

Olderworkers'needofh______tosolvedifficulties.3.Onesystemusingsolarenergytocleanuppollutioninwaterhasbanksofmovingmirrorsthatfocussunlightontoawaterfallofwastewater.Theothermethodreflectslightfromamirroredtroughontowastewaterflowingthroughglasstubes.Thesolarpurifierswillreduceconcentrationoforganicpollutantstoafewpartsperbillion.

Twomethodsforwatert______withsolarenergy.4.Whatmakesonepersonmoreintelligentthananother?Whatmakesonepersonagenius,likethebrilliantAlbertEinstein,andarcherpersonafool?Arepeoplebornintelligentorstupid,orisintelligencetheresultofwhereandhowyoulive?Theseareveryoldquestionsandtheanswerstothemarestillnotdear.

D______aboutproblemsintermsofpeople'smind.5.Theproblemofunsupervisedyouthdoesnotendnorthesolutionnecessarilybeginwiththebreakdownofthetraditionalfamily.6.Despitetheseefforts,pollsshowthatthepubliccontinuestoseecrimeasoneofthemostpressingproblemsinsociety.7.Virtuallyeverycompanywithacomputerisvulnerabletocomputerabuse,crimeandaccident.8.Duringtelevision'sfirst20years,deafpeoplemissedmostofthefun.Theycouldnothearwhatwasbeingsaidandhadtoguess.Deafpeoplewhowatchedtelevisionlikedsportsandactionshows,buttheyweredisappointedwithotherprograms.Iftherewasalotofdialogue,eventhemostskilledlip-readerscouldonlycatchpartofthetalking.

EarlyshowsonTVf______manydeafpeople.9.Hewasveryfondofboiledmeat,particularlyboiledfish,andwasconstantlypickingbones.10.Livinginthecity,peoplecanparticipateinthepoliticalandculturalactivitiesandseethelatestfilms.Therearegoodschoolsforchildrentostudyinthecity.Andtherearebigdepartmentstoresforresidentstobuyagreatvarietyofgoodsproducedineverypartoftheworld.

It'sgoodtoL______inthecity.11.AfashionablewordinEnglishthesedaysisYAHOO,awordpopularizedbytheInternetsearchenginecarryingthesamename.Theoriginal"yahoos"werequitedifferent.Theywerethenasty,brutish,shortandsubhumansavagesdescribedintheGulliver'sTravels.Todaytheyaredie-hardfansofthehometeamofanysportorsportenthusiastswhocan'thelplovingthehometeam.

Howdidthew______yahoocome?12.Hehadagreatdealofintelligence;andifIhadhadleisureIthinkImighthavetrainedhimtosomekindofgoodbehavior,thoughIdespairedofhisthievingdisposition.13.Ifitisagoodbiographyitbringsitssubjectasvividlyasifhewerestandinginthesameroom.

Agoodbiographyisv______.14.Increasingly,childrenarebeingraisedinhomesdisruptedbydivorceandeconomicstress;toomanychildrenemergeundersocializedandundersupervised.15.Consumersofelectricityusuallyacceptthefactthatpowercutsfrequentlyoccurduringthunder-storms.Ifoutages(电力中断)occuronasunnyday,consumerswillblamethepowercompany.However,mostoutagesoccurduetocircumstancesbeyondthepowercompany'scontrol.Animalswiththeabilitytoreachthetopofpowerpolescanknockoutpowerofmanyhouses.

Therearemanyc______forpowerfailure.16.Itiseasierandcheapertobuyanewoneanddiscardtheold,eventhough95percentofitspartsmaystillbefunctioning.17.Thefactisthattheenergycrisishasbeenwithusforalongtimenow,andwillbewithusforanevenlongertime.WhetherAraboilflowsfreelyornot,itiscleartoeveryonethatworldindustrycannotbeallowedtodependonsofragilebase.Thesupplyofoilcanbeshutoffunexpectedlyatanytime,andinanycase,theoilwellswillallrundryinthirtyyears,orsoatthepresentrateofuse.

Thee______crisis.18.Hereisonewayitisdone.Therobotisgivencertaininformationaboutthesizeandshapeofabaseball.Thenitanalyzespicturestakenbyits"eye",whichisreallyacamera.Therobottransformsthethousandsofdotsthatcomposethepictureintozeroesandones,dependingonhowdarkeachdotis.

Robot'ss______forplayingbaseball.19.Emotionsandvaluesplayanenormousroleinhowweprocessinformationandmakechoices.Wearebesetbycognitivebiasesthatthrowwhatwouldbesounddecision-makingoff-balance.Takelossaversion:psychologistshavefoundthathumanbeingstendtobemoreconcernedaboutavoidinglossesthanachievinggains,holdingontowhattheyhaveevenwhenthisisnotintheirbestinterests.

Emotionsandvaluesgreatlya______decision-making.20.Choicesmadeintheeconomyinvolveacontinuoustugofwarbetweenconsumersandproducersoverprice.21.Wedonotrealizehowmuchwedependontheearth'sgravityuntilwearedeprivedofit.Thenourfeetnolongerstayontheground,wefloataroundintheair,andtheslightesttouchmaysendusdriftingoffintheoppositedirection.

Situationinabsenceofg______.22.Andchancesare,youwillneedtrainingafterhighschoolthroughsomeformofalternativecareereducation.23.Traditionally,largenumbersofexistingsubstancesgettesteduntiloneisfoundthatwillproduceadesiredeffect.Sincediseaseinvolvestheactionofproteins,scientistsarehopingtobioengineerdrugswithspecificmolecularstructures,tailoringthemeithertopromoteorinhibittheeffectofproteinsinthebody.

Ane______fornewdrugsagainstdiseases.24.Youcan'talwaysrunaway,butyoucan"dreamtheimpossibledream".Aquietcountryscenepaintedmentallycanletyouescapefromastressfulsituation.Changethescenebyreadingagoodbookorplayingbeautifulmusictocreateasenseofpeace.

Createaquiets______.25.Onesystemusingsolarenergytocleanuppollutioninwaterhasbanksofmovingmirrorsthatfocussunlightontoawaterfallofwastewater.Theothermethodreflectslightfromamirroredtroughontowastewaterflowingthroughglasstubes.Thesolarpurifierswillreduceconcentrationoforganicpollutantstoafewpartsperbillion.

Twomethodsforwatert______withsolarenergy.26.Mostmammalscansprintfasterthanhumans—havingfourlegsgivesthemtheadvantage.Butwhenitcomestolongdistances,humanscanoutrunalmostanyanimal.Becausewecoolbysweatingratherthanpanting,wecanstaycoolatspeedsanddistancesthatwouldoverheatotheranimals.

Human'sefficientc______system.27.Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecar-willremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Possiblep______ofautomobiles.28.YaleUniversitycomprisesthreemajoracademiccomponents:YaleCollege(theundergraduateprogram),theGraduateSchoolofArtsandSciences,andtenprofessionalschools.Inaddition,Yaleencompassesawidearrayofresearchorganizations,librariesandmuseums,andadministrativeandsupportoffices.Approximately11,250studentsattendYale.

Briefi______aboutYaleUniversity.29.Whenpricesclimbfasterthanpeople'sincomes,familiessoonerorlaterareforcedtocutbackonbuyinginordertomakeeachendmeet.30.Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasesforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.

Thef______ofmemory.31.Withoutfood,mancanliveaboutfiveweeks,withoutwateraboutfivedays.Withoutair,hecanonlylivefiveminutes.32.However,allcountriesdonotbenefittothesamedegreefromthisprograminmedicineandhygiene.33.EngineersatSandiaNationalLaboratoriesinAlbuquerquehavebuilttwodifferentsystemsthatuseultravioletlightfromthesuntobreakuptoxicchemicalsinwater.Thisisabigimprovementoverconventionalwatertreatmentsystem,whichonlyfiltertoxicchemicalsout,leavingtheproblemofdisposal.

Newe______onwatertreatment.34.Allplantsandanimalsthathavebeenstudiedcarefully(includinghumans)seemtohavebuild-inclocks.Theyknowthetimenaturallyandcorrectlywithoutanyhelpfromoutside.

Tohaveab______clock.35.Althoughacomputerworksmuchfasterandmoreaccuratelythanman,afactisundeniable:itisdesigned,manufacturedandprogrammedbyman,andthereforecontrolledbyhumanbeings.Sciencefictionshavemadeupmanyfascinatingstoriesaboutacomputer,orratherrobot,whoconquersmananditsearth,eventhewholeuniverse;however,theyareonlyunrealisticimagination.

Mancannotbec______bycomputers.36.Therearealargenumberofdietingprogramstobefoundonline,eachpromisingyousignificantweightloss.Expertswarnpeopleagainstgoingforanyandeverydietprogram.Ifyourdietistoostrictyoumightharmyourhealth.Yourmotiveshouldbetoloseweightinahealthyway.

Strictdietingisanu______wayoflosingweight.37.Highsalariesintheelectricity,telecommunicationsandothermonopolyindustrieshavedrawnstrongcriticisminChina,wheretheGinicoefficient,nowstandsat0.46,exceedingtheinternationallyrecognizedalarmlevelof0.45.SoChinaisconsideringcuttingwagesinmonopolyindustriestoreducethecountry'swideningincomegap.Adraftdirectivedocumenthasbeenworkedoutforthispurpose.

Theneedton______theincomegap.38.Theskywasblackwithbright,shiningstarsthatnevertwinkled.39.Somepeoplefeelverynervouswhentheyflyinairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Manynoticetheiranxietybutonlyafewareconsciousofthewaytheyexpresstheirtension.Sometrytohidetheirnervousness;somebecomeaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.

Differentr______totensionwhenflying.40.Atthisjuncture,asmanyas57percentofchildreninAmericadonothavefull-timeparentalsupervision,eitherlivingwithasingleparentwhoworksfulltimeorinatwo-parenthouseholdwithbothparentsworkingfulltime.Thelackofparentalsupervisionforyoungchildrenisnearlyasgreat.Asmanyas49percentofchildrenunderagesixdonothavethebenefitoffull-timeparenting.Whilesomechildrenenjoysuitablesubstitutesupervisionprovidedbyfriendsandrelativesorinday-care,fartoomanydonot.

Theneedofp______supervision.41.WatchingTV,schedulingtomorrow'sagenda,problem-solvingwithyourspouseandevenreadingareactivitiesassociatedwithwakefulness,saysCharlesMorin,apsychologistandauthorofRelieffromInsomnia:GettingtheSleepofYourDreams.Theseactivitiescanhelpsomepeoplewinddown,butifyourrestispoor,saysMorin,"usethebedroomstrictlyforsleepandsex."

L______bedroomactivities.42.Whentheskyisclear,thesunandthestarshelptoguidethecourse,andiftheyarefollowedoneissavedfromtravelinginacircle,asthelostareprettysuretodoinadenseforest.43.Insteadofimprisonment,somecriminologistshavesuggestedaradicallydifferentapproachtocrimeprevention,assertingthat"situationalcrimeprevention"ismoreeffectivethantraditionaleffortstopreventcrime.Thisapproachfocusesonbehaviorsofcriminalsinspecificsituations,andtriestobasecrimepreventiononchangingthesituationsandopportunitieswhichfavorcrime.

Anewa______tocrimeprevention.44.ApollwastakenrecentlysurveyingtwelvehundredadultsintheUnitedStatestofindoutwhattheyconsideredimportantintheirlives.Ninety-sixpercentsaidthathavingagoodfamilylifewasimportant.Ninety-fivepercentsaidthatusingtheirmindandabilitieswasimportant,whichmarksashiftinthetypeofworkfromphysicallabortomentalskills.

People'sv______towardslife.45.ByWesternerswhohavealreadybeenworkinginAsiannations,theyaretoldtorememberasprioritiesthefive"Fs":family,face,fate,favorsandfriends.AlthoughtheydohavesomesubtledifferencesinmeaningsandconnotationsindifferentpartsofAsia,nevertheless,Westernbusinessmenneedtobesensitivetotheseissuesiftheywishtobesuccessful.

Doingb______inAsiashouldrememberthefive"Fs'.46.AyoungladywhowasfondofShakespearevisitedStratford-on-Avonandlikedeverythingshesawthere.Whenshereachedtherailwaystation,shelookedroundandcried,"Ho,IthinkIlikethismostofall!HerethegreatmastermusthavecometotakethetraintoLondon,justasIamdoing."

Thepassageisnothingbutaj______.47.First,theyusethesun.Justgettingroughdirectionfromthesuniseasy.Itrisessomewheretowardtheeastandsetssomewheretowardthewest.Gettingaccuratedirectionfromthesuntakesmorecare.Youneedtopayattentiontothetimeoftheyear.Thenyouneedtowatchthepathofthesuncloselyateachhouroftheday.Totelldirectionaccuratelyfromthesun,apersonneedstoknowtheexacttime.

Toj______directionsbythesun.48.Yaleembarkedonasteadyexpansion,establishingtheMedicalInstitution(1810),DivinitySchool(1822),LawSchool(1843),GraduateSchoolofArtsandSciences(1847),theSchoolofFineArts(1869),andSchoolofMusic(1894).In1887YaleCollegebecameYaleUniversity.ItcontinuedtoaddtoitsacademicofferingswiththeSchoolofForestry&EnvironmentalStudies(1900),SchoolofNursing(1923),SchoolofDrama(1955),SchoolofArchitecture(1972),andSchoolofManagement(1974).

Thee______ofYale.49.Tobeabletoaffordtheseitemsandstillhavemoneyleftfornonessentialssuchastravelandentertainment,mostfamiliesfindthemselveseconomizingandwatchingtheirpennies.50.Therefore,whiletheoverallU.S.homicideratehasindeeddeclinedinrecentyears,therateofjuvenilemurdercontinuestogrow,unabatedbythespreadofcommunitypolicing,increasedincarceration,andavarietyofotherpopularcrime-fightingstrategies.第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：greatness2.参考答案：help[解析]本段落的主旨是老年人在工作中需要帮助。答案为help。3.参考答案：treatment[解析]本段落的主旨是利用太阳能净化水的两种方法。答案为treatment。4.参考答案：Doubt[解析]本段话说，什么使一个人比另一个人聪明?聪明是天生的呢还是后天养成的，这些老问题的答案到现在仍然不是很清楚。intelligent和fool这些大脑的思考能力的特性属于intermsofpeople'smind。不确定，疑问是doubt。答案为Doubt。5.参考答案：青少年不受监管的问题没有结束，解决方法也不会随着传统家庭的瓦解而必然产生。[解析]neither(not)...nor...指既不……也不……；beginwith产生。6.参考答案：尽管如此，民意调查仍然显示，公众继续将犯罪看成是社会上最紧迫的问题之一。[解析]这是由despite引导的一个让步状语从句；thatthepublic...insociety为宾语从句，可译为：公众继续将犯罪看成是社会上最紧迫的问题之一。7.参考答案：实际上，每个有电脑的公司都会因电脑滥用、电脑犯罪和电脑事故而蒙受损失。[解析]这是一个简单句，直译即可。bevulnerableto易受伤的。8.参考答案：frustrated9.参考答案：它特别喜欢吃煮肉——尤其是煮鱼——并且会不断地挑骨头。[解析]befondof指喜欢；boiledfish煮鱼；pickbones指挑骨头。10.参考答案：live[解析]本段落的主旨是住在城市比较好。因为城市里有好的学校、大的超市，比较便利。答案为live。11.参考答案：word[解析]本段落的主旨是搜索引擎网yahoo名字的由来。答案为word。12.参考答案：很聪明。如果我有时间，我想我本来可以教给它一些规矩，尽管它偷东西很让我失望。[解析]agreatdealof大量的；ifI...behavior是由if引导的条件状语从句。despairof对……很失望。13.参考答案：vivid[解析]本段落的主旨是一个好的人物传记是鲜活的。答案为vivid。14.参考答案：越来越多的儿童生活在离异或是经济拮据的家庭，太多的儿童没有人监管。[解析]disruptedbydivorceandeconomicstress为过去分词短语作状语。15.参考答案：causes[解析]本段落的主旨是电力中断有很多原因，有些并不是电力公司所能控制的。答案为causes。16.参考答案：买新扔旧变得更加便利和便宜，尽管95%的部分仍然可用。[解析]it是句子的形式主语，tobuyanewoneand...parts才是真正的主语。17.参考答案：energy[解析]本段落的主旨是我们正面临着严重的能源危机。答案为energy。18.参考答案：system[解析]本段落的主旨是机器人打棒球的方法。人们把棒球的大小和形状以图片的形式呈现，而后以数字代码“0”和“1”的形式输出。答案为system。19.参考答案：affect[解析]本段主要讲了情感和价值在信息加工和决定中发挥的巨大作用。我们被认知障碍包围着，这些障碍将会使我们产生决定失衡。心理学家也发现人类在“决定”方面受到价值或情感的影响。本段中的第一句Emotionsandvalues...makeachoice也正是总结句要表达的含义。由此可以总结出主题句应是说情感和价值极大地影响了决定。答案为affect。20.参考答案：经济上的取舍决断意味着消费者和生产厂家在价格上所展开的持久的拉锯战。[解析]madeintheeconomy为过去分词短语作choices的后置定语；acontinuoustugofwar指拉锯战。21.参考答案：gravity[解析]本段落的主旨是如果没有地球引力的作用我们将会是怎样的情况。答案为gravity。22.参考答案：此时机会在于，你需要在高中毕业后接受某些职业教育培训。[解析]andchancesare指此时机会在于；needtraining需要做某事；alternativecareereducation指某些职业教育培训。23.参考答案：experiment[解析]本段落的主旨是新药在治疗疾病方面的试验。答案为experiment。24.参考答案：scene[解析]本段落的主旨是营造一种内心安静的环境。答案为scene。25.参考答案：treatment[解析]本段落的主旨是利用太阳能净化水的两种方法。答案为treatment。26.参考答案：cooling[解析]本段主要列举了猛犸象可以在短程中跑得比人快的例子，但是在长跑中，人类可以超越任何的动物。原因是我们可以通过出汗而不是喘气来使身体降温，因此在长跑中能保持身体凉爽，但是动物在长跑中会变得越来越热。段中的关键词cool给我们提供了信息，因此我们可以总结出这段主要讲了人类的降温系统。答案为cooling。27.参考答案：prospects[解析]题目可翻译为“汽车将来可能的什么”。文章主要讲了未来人们对汽车的两种态度：可能会放弃使用或依然使用。单词以p开头，又与“未来，前景，命运”意思相近的是prospect。答案为prospects。28.参考答案：introduction[解析]本段落的主旨是对于耶鲁大学的简要介绍。答案为introduction。29.参考答案：当物价上涨超过人们的收入水平时，为了保证收支平衡，家家户户迟早得减少消费。[解析]whenprices...endmeet为时间状语从句；soonerorlater迟早；beforcedtodosth.强迫做某事；makeeachendmeet指为了保证收支平衡。30.参考答案：function31.参考答案：没有食物，人类大约可以活5周，没有水，大约可以活5天，但如果没有空气，人类只能活5分钟。[解析]这句话由