2019-2020同步外研英语选修六新突破课时分层作业：9LearningaboutLanguageWord版含解析

课时分层作业(九)[语言知识练习固基础]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Onecangainalotofexperiencewhiledoing(do)apart­timejob.2．Wedidn'tdaretomakeasoundforfearofwakingthesleepingbaby.3．ThePresidentrefusedtoanswer(answer)furtherquestionsonthesubject.4．Hisagewasevidentinhisgrayhairandwrinkled(wrinkle)face.5．Hearingthestrangesound,thechildwasshakingwithfear.6．Canceriscausedbychemicalsintheairwebreathe(breath),thewaterwedrink,andthefoodweeat.7．Thesceneofthetrafficaccidentiscoveredwithbloodandbrains,whichisextremelydisgusting(disgust)．8．Hewasputintoprisonbecausehemurdered(murder)anoldlady.9．ItisexpectedthatthebridgewillhavebeencompletedbynextApril.10．Seeingterrifiedpeopletryingtogetoutofaburningbuilding,hestoodthere,terrified．(terrify)Ⅱ.选词填空forthefirsttime,burnout,contrastwith,throwoneselfon,againandagain1．It'snormalforyoutofeelnervouswhenyouwentontheplatformforthefirsttime．2．Hisactionscontrastsharplywithhispromises.3．Thehotelwascompletelyburntout;onlythewallsremained.4．Ihaveexplainedagainandagain,butevennowtheydonotunderstand.5．Ifeltabittiredafteralongtrip.SoIthrewmyselfonthecouchandfellasleepsoon.[高考题型练习提能力]Ⅰ.阅读理解WhenEuropeansettlersarrivedinNorthAmerica,theybroughtEuropeandiseaseswiththem.Then,hugenumbersofNativeAmericansbegandyingfromsmallpox(天花)infection.Five­hundred­year­olddocumentsrecordthistale,butnowscientistssaythey'vefoundotherevidenceburieddeepinsidehumancells.Inanewstudy，BrendanO'FallonandLarsFehrenSchmitzreportevidencefoundingenesthattheNativeAmericanpopulationdroppedbyhalfafterthearrivalofEuropeans.O'FallonstudiesgenesatARUPLaboratoriesinSaltLakeCity,whileFehrenSchmitzisascientistwhostudieshumankind,attheUniversityofGottingeninGermany.Cellsmakeupeverypartofthebody.Deepinsidealmosteverycellisalong，coiledmolecule(盘绕颗粒)calledDNA.GenesarepartsofDNAthatplayimportantrolesindeterminingone'slife.Geneshelpdetermineaperson'sappearance,suchasskincolorandheight,andalsoplayaroleinmanythingsyoucan'tsee,likethechanceofgettingadisease.Geneschangeovertime,andbyfollowingthesechangesscientistscanlearnaboutaperson'sancestors.O'FallonandFehrenSchmitzlookedatgenesinthemitochondriaofcells.(Mitochondriaarelikefactoriesthathelpcellsuseenergyfromfood.)ThescientistscomparedDNAfromtheremainsofancientNativeAmericanswithDNAfromlivingpeopledescended(遗传)fromNativeAmericans.Thescientistsstudiedpatternsinthegenesfromthetwogroupsandidentifiedwaysthatthepatternschangedovertime.Usingstatistics,whichincludesusefulmathematicaltoolsforanalyzinglargeamountsofdata,theresearcherswereabletojudgethesizeoftheNativeAmericanpopulationbeforeandaftertheEuropeans'arrival.ThecomparisonshowedthenumberofnativepeoplereducedsharplyafterEuropeansettlerslandedintheNewWorld.Earliergeneticstudiesdidn'thaveevidenceoftheNativeAmericandie­off.Scientistsinvolvedinthenewstudysaythatthere'snowmoredatafromancientremains,soresearcherscangetabetterideaofwhathappened.【语篇解读】基因承载了人类遗传密码，是随时间的推移而不断变化的。通过对基因的分析和研究，人们可以解开很多秘密。1．WhenEuropeansettlersarrived,theybroughttoNorthAmerica.A．smallpoxdiseaseC．otherevidenceB．olddocumentsD．anewstudyA[细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenEuropeansettlersarrivedin...dyingfromsmallpox(天花)infection.”可知欧洲殖民者进入北美洲时，也带去了传染病，所以A项正确。]2．GeneshelpdeterminemanythingsofapersonEXCEPTA．aperson'sappearance．B．aperson'sskincolorC．aperson'sheightD．aperson'ssuccessD[细节理解题。根据第三段“Geneshelpdetermineaperson's...chanceofgettingadisease.”可知基因可决定一个人的外表、肤色、身高，或得某种疾病的可能，而不是一个人的成功。所以D项正确。]3．ThescientistsgottheresultofthestudybyA．followinggenes'changeovertimeB．studyinggenesofancientpeopleC．analyzinglargeamountsofdataD．findingoutgenesinthecells．C[细节理解题。根据第arrival.”可知通过分析对比数据，得出欧洲人C项正确。五段“Usingstatistics，whichincludes...Europeans'到美洲前后美洲居民的数量，从而得出最后的结论。所以]4．WhatcanbetheBESTtitleofthispassage?A．ScientistsWorkingonGenesB．GenesTellanOldStoryC．Europeans'ArrivalinAmericaD．DNAChangesOverTimeB[标题归纳题。本文主要讲的是研究基因，通过数据分析的方式来找到历A项意思是“研究基因的科学家”；C项意思是“欧洲人来到美洲”；D“DNA随时间变化”，表述都比较偏颇，与本文主要内容不符。所以史事件的证据。项意思是B项正确。]Ⅱ.完形填空AfewdaysagoIsawtwobabyducklingsthatwerelostinthegrass.1，oneofthemwasfounddead,andIdecidedtotaketheotheronein2hegotbigenoughto3himself.WhenIdecidedtotakehimin,hewasactuallybeingfollowedbyastarving4，soitwasagoodthingthatIsavedhim.Atfirstheshowed5，butafterseveraldaysheseemed6worriedaboutmeasIfedhimsomecornwhichhecertainlyseemedto7．Aftersavingthelittleduck,Ispottedaplaceappropriateforhim，a8wherehemightcatchsmallfish.Iwas9himandfeedinghimeveryday,andrecentlyhewasdoingwell.I10thathewouldhavebeenkilledbyacatifIhadn't11him.WhenIwasoriginally12takinghimin,Ihadotherstellmeto“letnaturetakeitscourse”．However,thisisanabsurdandcontradictory13.Whenhumanswanttodo14things，suchaskillinganimals15food,theywillappealtonature.Atthattime,intheirmind,theyarepartofnature.16，whenitcomestodoingsomethingconstructiveandhelpful,allofasuddenthey'renotpartofnatureandtheyshouldjust17backand“letnaturetakeitscourse”．Weshouldn'tpickand18whenwearepartofnaturesimplyto19ourownself­centereddesires.Ifwearepartofnature,thenhelpinga(n)20inneedislettingnaturetakeitscourseinthetrueandmostnobleway.【语篇解读】作者在池塘边遇到两只被遗弃的小鸭，其中一只死掉之后，作者不顾别人的劝说把剩下的一只收养起来，并且对它照顾得很好。从这件事情中，作者感悟到帮助需要帮助的动物就是顺应自然。1．A.CuriouslyC．AmazinglyB．UnfortunatelyD．HonestlyB[前面提到在池塘边的草丛中有两只迷失的小鸭，后面提到其中一只小鸭死了，所以此处应该是“不幸地是(unfortunately)”。]B．unlessD．although2．A.untilC．ifA[此处表示作者决定将收养另外一只小鸭，一直(until)等到它长大，自己能够照顾自己。]3．A.cometoC．playwithB．lookafterD．keeptoB[语境为：我决定抚养这只鸭子，直到它长大能够照顾自己为止。lookafter，“照顾，照料”，符合语境。]4．A.duckC．catB．gooseD．dogC[此处语境是：当我决定收养它的时候，它实际上被一只饥饿的猫盯上了，所以我收养它是做了一件好事。由下文“hewouldhavebeenkilledbyacatifIhadn't5．A.fearC．respectA[此处语境为：刚开始的时候，它有点怕我，但几天之后，就不那么怕我了。him”可知。B．pityD．sadness]]6．A.nearlyC．extremelyB．lessD．slightlyB[此处表示小鸭对作者态度的转变，刚开始有点怕，随着作者用粮食喂养他，小鸭对作者不太担心了。所以用比较级less。]7．A.witnessB．cherishD．teaseC．enjoyC[由此句中的“fedhimsomecorn”、“certainly”两处信息可推断，此句语境是：“我拿粮食喂它，看起来它当然很喜欢(enjoy)吃”。]8．A.treeC．boxB．bowlD．pondD[根据“wherehemightcatchsmallfish”可知，pond为最佳选项。]9．A.callingforC．adaptingtoB．checkingonD．turningtoB[此处语境为“我每天都去看看(checkon)它，并且给它喂点吃的，最近它，核实”。]状况良好。”checkon意为“查对、检查10．A.claimedC．figuredB．showedD．provedC[此处语境为“我认为(figure)如果不是我发现了它，它可能已经被猫叼走”figure意为“认为，认定”。]B．neglectedD．grasped，如果那天我了。11．A.curedC．foundC[根据上下文，选项found符合语境没发现他的话，他就会被猫吃掉。]12．A.imaginingC．riskingB．recommendingD．consideringD[当作者最初考虑(consider)要收养它的时候，有人告诉他“顺其自然”吧。]13．A