第6章国际运输中注意事项

Chapter

6International

Cargo

TransportfocusOtherDocumentsIn

transportTypes

ofBill

of

ladingchapter

6

documents

in

transport2Consignor，consignee(收货人、抬头)chapter

6

documents

in

transport3KeywordsShipping

advice,

shipping

noticeCarrier(承运人），shipper（托运人）Documents

of

title

to

goods,freight

forwarder(货代)Key

wordsCleanon

board

bill

of

ladingA

through

bill

of

lading(联运提单）Modes

of

TransportationOcean

TransportAir

TransportRail

TransportRoad

TransportPipelines

TransportParcel

post

TransportLandBridge

TransportInland

waterway

TransportInternationalMulti-modal

Transportchapter

6

documents

in

transport4reviewOcean

transport

（海洋运输）Ocean

freight

(ocean

carriage)

or

sea

transport

(marinetransport)Most

popular

and

widely

usedAdvantages:Easy

passage,

large

capacity,

low

operation

costCost:

1/5

of

rail;

1/10

of

road;

1/30

airDisadvantages:SlowVulnerable

to

bad

weatherBear

more

risksLess

punctual5Liner

transport

（班轮运输）6A

liner

is

a

vessel

that

operates

over

a

regular

route,

stops

atfixed

ports

according

to

an

advertised

scheduleSuitable

for

cargo

with

small

or

intermediate

quantityFreight

rate:W

(weight):

freight

is

calculated

onweightM

(measurement):

on

measurement

of

cubicmeterAd

Val

(Add

Valorem):

on

FOB

price

or

value

of

cargo

(high

value

goods)M/W:

either

weight

or

measurement,

subject

to

the

higher

rateM/W

or

Ad

Val:

highest

rate

of

threeM/W

and

Ad

Val:

higher

rate

of

M

and

W,

a

certain

percentage

of

value

isaddedLiner

transport

（班轮运输）7Surcharges:Extra

charges

on

heavy:

overweightExtra

charges

on

over

lengths:

over-lengthAdditional

on

Optional

DischargePortDirect

additionalTransshipment

additionalPort

additionalTramp

transport（租船运输）8Tramp

transport

is

also

called

shipping

by

chartering

orcharter

shippingDo

not

follow

regular

route

or

fixed

scheduleMarine

taxiFor

bulk

cargos

like

oil,

coal,

ore,

grainCharterer

(),

ship

owner()Tramp

transport

-

Classification9Voyage

charter

(trip

charter)（定程租船）For

a

particular

voyageSingle

voyage

charter;

return

charter;

consecutive

voyage

charterThe

ship

operator

operates

and

controls

the

shipTime

charter

（计时租船）For

a

certain

period

timeThe

ship

operator

operates

and

controls

the

shipBareboat

charter（光船租船）Shipwithoutcrewandship’smasterThe

charterer

usually

operates

the

ship

for

yearsLike

a

car

leaseTramp

transport

–

Price

terms10FI

(Free

In)Charterer

is

responsible

for

the

loading

costFO

(Free

Out)Charterer

is

responsible

for

the

unloading

costFIOSTCharterer

is

responsiblefor

the

loading,

unloading,stowing,

andtrimmingcostGT

(Gross

Terms)Shipownerisresponsiblefor

theloadingandunloading

coste.g.,

CIF

Free

Out

(or

CIF

FO)Inland

Waterway

Transport（内河运输）11Advantages Low

rateSuitable

for

a

variety

of

goodsDisadvantages SlowThree

largest

inland

waterways

in

the

world China’s

Yangtze

RiverAmerican’s

Mississippi

RiverRhine

River

in

West

EuropeRail

Transport（铁路运输）Second

popular

transport

in

terms

of

capacityAdvantages High

speed Low

cost High

capacitySome

rail

cars

are

designed

to

carry

road

trailers Trailer

On

Flat

Car

(TOFC)Container

On

Flat

Car

(COFC)Overland

movement

of

ocean

container

and

bulk

cargo Between

East

and

West

coast

ports

of

USA,

Canada,

etc.12Road

Transport（公路运输）13Widely

used

inInland

delivery

to

the

export

portCross-border

deliveriesAdvantages Versatile

and

flexibleHigh

distributive

ability

to

offer

door-to-door

serviceDisadvantagesHigh

risk

of

pilferage

and

damagePipeline

Transport（管道运输）14Widely

used

in

crude

oil,

gasBuilt

over

land

or

under

the

seaAdvantagesIndependent

of

weather

and

durableMany

neighboring

countries

have

cross-border

pipelines China

and

Russia;

Russia

and

JapanAirTransport（航空运输）15Widely

used

for

high

value

but

low

volume

products1/3

of

all

world

trade

by

valueAdvantagesQuick

reliable

transitDisadvantages High

costParcel

Post

Transport（邮包运输）16Simple

and

convenientUsed

for

transport

of

sample

or

documentsInternational

Multimodal

Transport(MMT)国际多式联运It

is

also

called.

combined

Model

of

Transport(CMT),

which

means

that

cargos

are

transportedby

at

least

two

modes

on

the

basis

of

amultimodal

transport

contract

from

a

place

atwhich

the

cargos

are

collected

to

a

destination.Although

different

modes

of

transport

arecombined,

only

one

multimodal

transportoperator

is

responsible

for

taking

the

cargo

fromthe

consignor

and

delivering

them

to

theconsignee.Multimodal

transport

document

is

the

onlydocument

used17Container

Transport

集装箱运输18Sizes20

feet

long

(20

ft

X

8.5

ft

X

8.5

ft)

(25

m3)40

feet

longTypesDry

cargo

containerRefrigerated

container

(reefer

container)Open

top

container

(bulk

and

weighty

cargo)Tank

container

(oil)Flat

rack

container

(livestock)ContainerTransport19Full

or

notFCL

(Full

container

load)LCL

(Less

than

container

load)ServicesCY/CY (container

yard

to

container

yard)CY/CFS

(carrier’s

container

freight

station)CFS/CYCFS/CFS201.

Shipping

notice2.

Packing

list3.

Weightlist4.

bill

oflading5.

Consignment

note

(roadwaybill

and

railway

bills(铁/公路提单),6.

AirWaybills7.

Parcel

post

receipt8.

multi-modal

transportdocumentschapter

6

documents

in

transport21Documents

in

transportShipping

note

装船通知chapter

6

documents

in

transport22Give

information

about

a

particular

exportconsignmentExample

P131Packing

list

and

weightlist包装单和重量单Packing

listprovides

contents

of

a

consignment

and

gives

an

inventoryof

the

shipped

goods

panies

goods

through

the

transit,

placed

in

container

ortrailerexample

P132Weight

listprovides

weight

informationused

for

goods

based

on

the

weight

for

price

calculationexample

P13323I.

A

bill

of

lading

提单A

bill

of

lading

(Ocean

Bill

of

Lading)is

atransport

document

which

is

issued

andsigned

by

the

shipping

company

or

his

agent(the

carrier)and

given

to

the

shipper(托运人)to

acknowledge

that

goods

have

beenreceived

for

shipment

to

a

particulardestination.chapter

6

documents

in

transport24Documents

in

transport—bill

of

ladDocuments

in

transport--bill

of

lading1.1

Functionsof

B/LEvidenceofthecontractReceipt

for

the

goodsDocumentofthe

titleDocuments

in

transport--bill

of

ladingThe

legal

holder

of

the

bill

of

lading

is

the

owner

ofthe

goods

it

coverschapter

6

documents

in

transport251.2.

Parties

of

Bill

of

LadingCarrier(承运人)Shipper(托运人)Consignee(收货人)The

Notify

Party(被通知人)chapter

6

documents

in

transport26Documents

in

transportDocuments

in

transport--bill

of

lading1.3.

Contents

of

a

Bill

of

LadingB/L

NO.(提单号)Shipper(托运人)Consignee(收货人)NotifyParty(被通知人)Pre-carriage

by(前程运输)Place

of

Receipt(收货地点)Vessel

&

Voy.

No.(船名和航次)Portof

Loading(装运港)Port

of

Discharge(卸货港)Place

of

Delivery(交货地点)Container

No./Seal

No.(集装箱号/封志号)Marks

&No.(唛头和号码)Documents

in

transportchapter

6

documents

in

transport27Documents

in

transport--bill

of

lading1.3.

Contents

of

a

Bill

of

LadingKinds

of

Packages

&

Description

of

Goods(包装种类，货物描述)Gross

Weight(毛重)Measurement(尺寸)TOTAL

NUMBER

OF

CONTAINERS

OR PACKAGES

(IN

WORDS)(集装箱数或包装数合计)Freight&Charges(运费及其他费用)Rate(运费率)Unit(单价)Prepaid(预付运费)Collect(到付运费)Prepaid

at(运费预付地点)Documents

in

transportchapter

6

documents

in

transport28Documents

in

transport--bill

of

lading1.3.

Contents

of

a

Bill

of

LadingPlace

of

Issue(签单地点)No.of

Original

B(s)/L(正本提单份数)Date

（签单日期） As

agent

for

the

carrier(承运人或其代表签字)Documents

in

transportchapter

6

documents

in

transport29Documents

in

transport--bill

of

ladingAccording

to

whether

the

Goods

are

damaged

at

the

time

of

boarding,

itfalls

into

twokinds:A

clean

B/L(清洁提单)goods

are

received

without

damage,

irregularitiesor

short

shipment“shipped

in

apparent

good

order

and

condition”. Unclean/Foul/Dirty/Claused

B/L(不清洁提单)“insufficiently

packed”,“carton

old

and

stained”,“---packed

in

damagedcondition”chapter

6

documents

in

transport30Types

of

B/LAccording

to

the

contents

of

the

B/L,

it

can

be

divided

into

2

forms:A

Long

Form

B/L（全式提单）

refers

to

the

bill

of

lading

on

the

back

ofwhich

all

the

detailed

terms

and

conditions

about

the

rights

andobligations

of

the

carrier

and

the

consignor

are

listed

as

an

integralpartof

the

bill.Ashort

form

B/L（略式提单）

is

a

document

which

omits

thetermsand

conditions

on

the

back

of

the

B/L.Unless

otherwise

stipulated

in

the

L/C,

a

short

form

B/L

is

acceptable.chapter

6

documents

in

transport31Types

of

B/Lon

board

(shipped)B/L(已装船提单)goods

has

been

shipped

or

is

on

the

voyage

to

thedestination“Shipped

in

apparent

good

order

and

condition”received

for

shipment

B/L(备运提单)goods

have

been

received

by

the

carrier

for

shipment“Received

for

shipment”chapter

6

documents

in

transport32Types

of

B/LOn

Board

B/LReceived

for

shipment

B/LClean

B/LUnclean

B/LClean

On

Board

B/LDocuments

in

transport--bill

of

ladingchapter

6

documents

in

transport331.5.

Types

of

B/LAccording

to

whether

the

B/L

is

transferablea).

A

straight

B/L

(记名提单）Restrictive

order(限制性抬头)to

a

named

consigneecannot

be

transferredchapter

6

documents

in

transport34Types

of

B/L1.5.

Types

of

B/LAccording

to

whether

the

B/L

is

transferableb).

An

order

B/L（指示提单）Demonstrative

order(指示性抬头)“to

order”,“to

the

order

of

shipper”,“to

the

order

of

the

importer”.the

B/L

can

be

transferred

by

endorsement

and

delivery.chapter

6

documents

in

transport35Types

of

B/L1.5.

Types

of

B/LAccording

to

whether

the

B/L

is

transferablec).

A

blank

B/L

(open

B/L

or

bearer

B/L)

（不记名提单）Bearer

order(持票人抬头)“to

bearer”,can

be

transferred

by

delivery

without

endorsementchapter

6

documents

in

transport36Types

of

B/LConsignee(收货人、抬头)ABC

Co.Straight

B/LTo

BearerBearer

B/LTo

order

of

Sb.Order

B/LEndorsementDocuments

in

transport—B/Lchapter

6

documents

in

transport37Documents

in

transport--bill

of

ladingAccording

to

the

modes

of

transport,

it

can

be

divided

into

3kinds:A

direct

B/L（直达提单）

A

transshipment

B/L（转船提单）“Transshipment

to

be

made

at…”A

throughB/L（联运提单）The

entire

voyage

involves

more

than

one

carrier.Issued

and

signed

by

the

first

carrierchapter

6

documents

in

transport38Types

of

B/LOther

formsOn

deck

B/LSpecial

goods:

livestock,

plants,

dangerous

cargosCannot

fit

into

the

ship’s

hold,

and

be

put

on

the

deckExposed

to

more

risks

and

requires

specific

insuranceStale

B/LB/L

arrives

later

than

goods

(short

voyage)Extra

costStale

B/L

clause:

“stale

bill

of

lading

is

acceptable”Ship

B/L

with

the

carrierchapter

6

documents

in

transport39Types

of

B/LOther

formsc).Ante-dated

B/L（联运提单）The

date

on

the

B/L

is

earlier

than

the

day

the

goods

wasreally

shippedTo

meet

the

deadline

of

L/C

when

the

shipment

is

lateILLEGALchapter

6

documents

in

transport40Types

of

B/LV.

Types

of

B/LAccording

to

the

time

for

payment

of

freight,

it

can

be

divided

into

2

types:A

freight prepaid

B/L

（运费预付提单）means

that

all

the

freightispaid

by

the

consignor

when

the

B/L

is

issued

by

the

carrier.A

freight

to

be

collected

B/L（运费到付提单）

refers

to

the

B/L

onwhich“freight

payable

at

destination”is

indicated.chapter

6

documents

in

transport41Documents

in

transportDocuments

in

transport—B/LII.

Air

Waybill

(AWB/航空运单)An

air

waybill

is

issued

by

an

airline

when

goods

are

dispatched

by

airfreight.It

is

a

contract

between

the

carrier

(the

airline)

and

the

shipper.Roles

of

an

air

waybillIt

is

a

receipt

from

the

airline

acknowledging

the

receipt

of

the

consignment from

the

shipperIt

is

a

contract

of

carriage

between

the

airline

and

the

shipper.It

is

not

a

document

of

title

or

negotiableThe

buyer

does

not

have

to

pay

to

get

the

air

waybill

to

receive

the

goodsfrom

the

carrier.Collection(托收)cannot

be

used

for

the

paymen