写作教程3unit1答案

Part

GRAMMAR

Subject-VerbAgreement

Subject-verbagreementisaverycomplicatedissueanditisnotourintentiontocoverallthegroundinthisunit.Whatweattempttodohereistobringstudents'attentiontosomepointsparticularlytrickyandletthemlearnbypractice.Themethodweuseinthegrammarsectionofthisbookisthediscoveryapproach--toletstudentsfindouttheirownanswers.Wehopethiscanraisestudents'interestinlearninggrammarandsharpentheirinductiveskills.

Thequestionofsubject-verbagreementisverycomplicated.Generallyspeaking,therearethreebasicprinciples:grammaticalagreement,notionalagreement,andtheprincipleofproximity.Inhisunit,wearegoingtoapproachthisissueinfourcontexts:

Whenthesubjectiscompound

ReferencefortheClassroomActivities

Summary:

Acompoundsubjectwithandtakesapluralverbinmostcases,butwhenitexpressesasingularmeaningorwheneachofthesingular

subjectsisconsideredindividually,ittakesasingularverb.

Afteracompoundsubjectwithor,nor,either•••or,neither-…"。匚not…but,theverbagreesinnumberandpersonwiththenearerpartofthesubject.

Interveningphrasesorclausesnotintroducedbycoordinatingconjunctionsdonotaffectthenumberofaverb.Suchphrasesarenormallyintroducedbyprepositionsorprepositionalphrasessuchaswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,alongwithinadditionto,togetherwith,with,plus,andincluding.

Whenthesubjectexpressesquantity

ReferencefortheClassroomActivities

Allthesentencesarecorrect.

Summary:

Nominalphrasesoftime,money,weightandmeasurementnormallytakeasingularverb.

Somewordsorphrases,suchaasll,most,half,thelast,therest,takeasingularorpluralverb,dependingonthemeaningofthenounorpronounthatfollows.

Phraseslikelotsof,heapsof,loadsoftakesingularorpluralverbsdependingontheformofthenounsthatfollow.

Insentenceswithmorethanoneormanyamodifyingthesubjectnouns,theverbshouldtakeasingularformthoughitispluralinmeaning.

Whenthesubjectisarelativepronoun,awhat-clause,orinthethere-bestructure

ReferencefortheClassroomActivities

.Hewasoneofthecandidateswhowereabletocarryouttheircampaignpledges.

Hewastheonlyoneofthecandidateswhowasabletocarryouthiscampaignpledges

.Whathewantsisjustalittlelovefromhisfosterparents.

Whatonethinksandsays_arenotalwaysthesame.

.There_isacherrytreeandseveralorchidflowersinthegarden.

There_arehundredsofapplicantsonthewaitinglistforthejob.

Summary:

Afterarelativepronoun(who,which,that),theverbhasthesamepersonandnumberastheantecedent.(InthesecondsentenceinPaira,

theantecedentistheonlyonenotthecandidates)

Afterawhat-clause,theverbisusuallysingular,.Butifthewhat-clauseisinacompoundstructurepluralinmeaning,theverbisinpluralform.

Inthethere-bestructure,theverbissingularorpluraldependingonthenumberofthesubject.Thesingularthereismaybeusedtointroduceacompoundsubjectwhenthefirstnounornominalphraseissingular.

Others

ReferencefortheClassroomActivities

.Nobodyintownadmitsseeinghim.

.Doesanyonewanttogowithme?

.Areanyofyougoingtotheexhibition?

.Noneworks/worksohardashedoes.

.Booksareherchiefsourceofenjoyment.

.Theonethingyoumustbereadyforistheirattemptstobreakupthemeeting

.Thejuryisfinallycomplete.

.ThejuryweredividedintheirOpinions.

.NewYorkTimesishisbible.

.Semanticsisthestudyofmeanings.

Summary:

Indefinitepronounssuchasanybody,anyone,each,everybody,nobody,noone,andsomebodgenerallyrequireasingularverb.

Thepronounsanyandnonetakeeithersingularorpluralverbs.

Thecomplementoftheverbbedoesnotaffectitsnumber.

Acollectivenountakesasingularverbwhentheclassitnamesisthoughtofasaunit,butapluralverbwhenthemembersoftheclassarethoughtofasindividuals.

Titlesofbooks,magazines,movies,newspapers,plays,andtheliketakeasingularverb.

Certainnounswhicharepluralinformbutsingularinmeaninggenerallytakeasingularverb.Someofthesearephysics,mechanics,news,statistics,andwhereabouts

PartBKeystotheFOLLOW-UPEXERCISES

1).Thelittleboywaschicken-hearted.

.Thatstatesmanisarespectablefigureinthepoliticalarena.

.Wesatdownbytheoaktree,enjoyingthebreezecomingfromthelake

.Weneedtodrinkthemilkbeforeitsours.

.Thechildhaddifficultyfindinghiswaytoschool.

Theyoungwomanreceivedalotofflowersandgifts.

.MyfatherdrewbackthecurtainalittlelestIseehim.

.Ouruniversitycanaccommodate4,000students.

.Socialcustomsvarygreatlyfromcountrytocountry.

Thewriter'sattitudechangesfromnegativetopositiveineachpairofsentences

3.(1)experienced

(2)elapsed

(3)attempting

(4)with

(5)takeup

(6)made

(7)endeavor

(8)true

1).Thestateattorneysaidthatthemanwouldbeprosecuted.

.Wesupposethatarefereeshouldbedisinterestedbutnotuninterested

.TonycanhitaballfartherthanIcan.

.Wemustpursuethismatterfurther.

.Theprinciplesbehindourconstitutionareaprincipalreasonforitsastoundingsuccess.

.Al1thebandinstrumentsexceptthetubawillbecarriedtotheauditoriumforthemusiccontest.

.Thefederalgovernmentcomprisesthelegislative,judicial,andexecutivebranches

.Thewholeregionwasstruckbyaneconomicdisaster.

.(correct)

.Hewasawakedtotherisk.

MysisterLuluacceptedascholarshiptostudyintheUK.She

haddoneverywellinschoolandtheprincipalthoughtthatlivingwithaBritishfamilywouldteachheralot.Mothersaidshewouldlethergoifsheboughtaboxofstationeryandpromisedtowritehomeeveryweek.Shesaidthatshewouldliveuptoherpromiseandshealwaysdoesprettywellinlivinguptoherprinciples.SoonaftershearrivedintheUK.,sheadaptedtohernewenvironment.Hernewlifedidnotaffectheragreatdeal.Sheknewthatasastudentshehadtobeeconomicalandshewasnotself-consciousofherpoorclothingandstrangeaccent.Thesewerethethingsshewasuninterestedin;whatfascinatedherinsteadwastheculturaldifferencesbetweenthetwocountries.Shefoundpeopletherelikedtopaycomplimentsandweremorecreduloustowhatshesaid.Ofcourse,sheneverliedtothemabouthermotherland.Thoughsheexperiencedculturalshockscontinually,shedevelopedafairattitudetowardstheotherculture.Intheproceedingyears,shesettleddownintheUK.andbecameapersonwithanalternativeculturalidentity.

1).SixtyhoursistheamountofworktimeIcontractedfor.

2).Thejuryisexpectedtoreachitsdecisionveryquickly.

3).Eachofthecandidatesforthepositionhasexceptionallyhighqualifications.

.Everyboyandgirlinthesixthgradewas/iseagertowinthecontest.

.CornbreadandmilkisapopularbreakfastintheruralSouth.

.Theinstructoraswellasthestudentswasatfault.

.Heisoneofthestudentswhoplantoattendthespeechcontest.

.Thejuryaretobeisolatedinindividualhotelroomseachnightduringthetrial

.Samsprawledinthechairandknockedoveroneofthelampswhichwereondisplay

.Thesymptomsofmercurypoisoningvarywitheachindividualcase.

.Hebelievesthatathleticsimprovesschoolmorale.

.U