广东2023～2024学年第一学期高三四校联考（一）英语 试题含答案

2023～2024学年第一学期高三四校联考（一）英语试卷说明：本试题共8页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。第一部分选择题（共二节，满分50分）第一节阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AOldFurnitureFallingApart?LetSouthwarkCarpentershelp.Wantawalk-inwardrobe(衣柜)?Fancyafittedkitchen?Orjustwanttoreplaceyouroldfloorboards?Wecustom-buildfurnitureandfittingstoworkwithyourhouse,andyourvision.Weworkwithavarietyoftradesupplierstobuildyouitemsoutofthefinestqualitywoodsatthelowestreasonableprice.Toreceiveaquotedpriceforyourwork,pleasesendusanemailorpickupthephoneandletusknow:(1)theworktobecompleted;(2)thedimensionsoftheitem/flooringtobecreated;(3)thematerialtobeused;(4)thetimelinefortheworktobecompleted.Thatgivesusenoughinformationtocreateacustomquotedprice,thenyoucanreviewitandbookanin-persondiscussionwithoneofourprofessionals.We’reexcellentatcreatingwonderfulfittingsandfurniturewithwoods.Giveusacallandletourknowledgeablestafftalkyouthroughyouroptions.CONTACTUSTODAY02079460345CALLSANSWERED24HOURSADAY Hearwhatourcustomershavetosay(aselectionofourreviews): “Georgewasprofessional,friendly,andwenttheextramiletofinishthejobonthesameday.Thankyou.”Trankle(Kent) “Willdefinitelyuseitagainandrecommendittoourfriends.Leedidsuchagreatjobmakingourcustomwardrobe.”Loren(Hampshire) “Wegotaquotedpriceforsomeworkfromadifferentcarpentrycompanythatseemedquitehigh.Sarahwasabletogettheworkdoneforhalfofourinitialquote,anddidn’tlowerthequality!”Dancy(Sussex) “Klaushasdoneacoupleofcarpentryprojectsforus.Heis100%reliableandarealartisan.”Herbert(Surrey)1.WhichworkisSouthwarkCarpenterscapableof?A.Layingnewflooring. B.Custom-buildingahouse.C.Repairingoldfurniture. D.Supplyinggood-qualitywoods.2.Whatdoyouneedtodoforacarpentryservice?A.Emailthestaffyourbudget. B.Makeaphonecallduringtheday.C.Discusswiththestaffonline. D.Providerelateddatainadvance.3.WhopraisedSouthwarkCarpentersforitslowprice?A.Trankle. B.Loren. C.Dancy. D.Herbert.BInearly2021,Ihitarutinmystudies.AsadoctoralcandidateattheUniversityofChicagoinIllinois,Iworkedtodesignsafer,moreeffectivematerialsforvaccinedelivery.AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthelaboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.AsIbegantosearchforthecauseofmystruggles,Ibecameincreasinglyawarethatmy“quiettime”atthelabbench—forinstance,whenIwasrunningcolumnsorexperiments—wasanythingbut.Insteadofthinkingaboutscience,Iwaswatchingtelevisionorinteractingwithsocialmediaonmysmartphone.AlthoughIcouldcoverupthisinefficiencywithlongerhours,myworkfeltchaotic(混乱的)anddisorganized.Iwouldcomehomefromalongdayinthelabandrespondtoe-mailsormessagesoverdinnerorinbed.Thisallcametoaheadlastsummer,whenmyinabilitytobalanceworkandlifeledmetoseekhelpfromtheuniversity’sstudentmental-healthservices.Throughacombinationofconsultationandpersonalreflection,Icametounderstandmyproblem.Toregainmyfocus,IchosetoreducemyconnectivitybyusingabasicmobilephonewithoutanInternetconnectionduringworkhours,andremovingunnecessaryappsfrommysmartphonewhenIdiduseit.Underscoringtheaddictivenatureofsmartphones,IexperiencedsymptomsofwithdrawalwhenIfirstdidthis.Withtime,however,Ibegantomakepracticaluseofmyquiettime.Istartedreadingpapersduringlongexperiments,anddevelopedahabitofwritinginmydowntime.Perhapsmostimportantly,Ihavefeltmyanxietydecreaseandmyproductivityandcreativityimprovedramatically,tradingmychaoticwork-liferelationshipforonewithclearerboundariesandplentyofnewscientificideas.Now,evenwhenIdocarrymysmartphone,Ifeellessforcedtocheckfore-mailsormessages,andcanconcentratemorecloselyonwhatevertaskisathand.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“hitarut”inparagraph1mean?A.Stoppedprogressingsmoothly. B.Hadveryslowreactions.C.Acceptedhardwork’svalue. D.Overcameabigproblem.5.Whatmadetheauthorstruggle?A.Runningcolumnsorexperiments. B.Hisinabilitytogetmental-healthservices.C.Replyingtoe-mailsormessages. D.Hisaddictiontothephone.6.Whatdidtheauthorchoosetododuringhisquiettimelater?A.Reflectonhissuccessesandfailures. B.Learnpracticalwriting.C.Watchtelevisionnews. D.Dosomereading.7.Howdoestheauthorfeelnow?A.Morecourageous. B.Moresociable. C.Morefocused. D.Moreunderstanding.CWhenthecompanyOpenAIdevelopeditsnewartificialintelligence(AI)program,ChatGPT,inlate2022,educatorsbegantoworry.ChatGPTcouldcreatetextthatseemedlikeahumanwroteit.HowcouldteachersdiscoverwhetherstudentswereusinglanguagecreatedbyanAIchatbottocheatonawritingtask?

Asalinguistwhostudiestheeffectsoftechnologyonhowpeopleread,writeandthink,Ibelievethereareothermorepressingconcernsbesidescheating.TheseincludewhetherAI,moregenerally,threatensstudentwritingskills,thevalueofwritingasaprocess,andtheimportanceofregardingwritingasatoolforthinking.

AspartofmyresearchontheeffectsofAIonhumanwriting,IsurveyedyoungadultsintheU.S.aboutsomeissuesrelatedtothoseeffects.Oneparticipantsaidthatatsomepointifyoudependonpredictivetext,you’regoingtoloseyourspellingabilities.Enter“WasRom”intoaGooglesearchandyou’regivenalistofchoiceslike“WasRomebuiltinaday”.Type“ple”intoatextmessageandyou’reoffered“please”and“plenty”.Thesetoolscompleteoursentencesautomatically,givinguslittlechancetothinkaboutourspelling,andcontinuouslyaskingustofollowtheirsuggestions.EvanSelinger,aphilosopher,worriedthatpredictivetextingreducesthepowerofwritingasaformofmentalactivityandpersonalexpression.“Byencouragingusnottothinktoodeeplyaboutourwords,predictivetechnologymaychangehowwedealwitheachother,”Selingerwrote.“Wegiveothersmorealgorithms(算法)andlessofourselves.Automationcanstopusthinkingandtheresultingtextdidn’tfeellikemineanymore.”

IaskedChatGPTwhetheritwasathreattohumans’motivationtowrite.Thebotresponded:“Therewillalwaysbeademandforcreative,originalcontentthatrequirestheuniqueviewpointofahumanwriter.”Itcontinued:“Writingservesmanypurposesbeyondjustthecreationofcontent,suchasself-expression,communication,andpersonalgrowth,whichcancontinuetoencouragepeopletowriteevenifcertaintypesofwritingcanbeautomated.”

Iwasgladtofindtheprogramhadseeminglyadmitteditslimitations.

8.Whatistheauthor’smainconcernaboutChatGPT?

A.Whetheritwillleadtostudents’cheating. B.Whetheritwillshapestudents’writingstyle.

C.Howstudentswillmakeuseofitatschool.

D.Whateffectsitwillhaveonstudents’writing.

9.WhatwillpredictivetechnologydotousaccordingtoEvanSelinger?

A.Giveusmorecreativeideas. B.Makeuswritelikeamachine.

C.Encourageustothinkmoredeeply. D.Makeustendtoignoregrammaticalmistakes.

10.WhatcanwelearnfromChatGPT’sresponse?

A.Writingwillbecomecompletelyautomated. B.Robotswillworkwithhumansinwriting.

C.Robotwritingwillbecomemorecreative. D.Humanwritingwillstillmatteralot.

11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhatimpactwillAIbringtowriting? B.Whatisthefutureofmodernliterature?

C.HowtoimprovewritingwithAI’shelp? D.HowtoapplyAItechnologytoeducation?D Two-thirdsoftheworldpopulationlivesunderconditionswherethefreshwaterdemandismorethantwicethenaturalwateravailabilityforatleastonemonthperyear.Accordingtoofficialstatistics,onebillionofthoseliveinIndiaand0.9billionliveinChina.OtherareasfacingthisproblemforlongerperiodsincludeBangladesh(130millionpeople),thewesternandsouthernstatesoftheUSA(130million),Pakistan(120million),Nigeria(110million),andMexico(90million). Communitiesusearangeoftechniquestoovercomethisissue.Indrysummers,thosenearthecoastcandesalinate(淡化)seawater,althoughtheprocessrequiresalargeamountofenergyandexpenditure.Someremoteinlandcommunitieshavealternativemethodsthatsuittheirparticularconditions.Forexample,manyhigh-altitudeChileancommunitiesintheAndesusefogcollectors,specializednetsthatcangatherjustafewlitersaday. Elsewhere,there’sanotheroptionavailable.ResearchersatETHZurichhavedevelopedanewdevicethatpassivelyharvestswaterfromtheairaroundtheclock.Thedeviceismadeupofaspeciallycoatedglasspane(玻璃板)thatreflectssolarradiationandalsoradiatesawayitsownheat.Indoingso,itcoolsdownbyasmuchas15degreesCelsiusbelowthesurroundingtemperatures.Thisdifferenceintemperaturebetweentheairandthepanecauseswatervaportocondense(凝结)onitsunderside,whichcanthenbeeasilycollected. TestssofarhavebeenconductedonauniversitybuildinginZurichandsuggestthatthedevicecanproducetwiceasmuchwaterperdayasotherpassivewater-collectiontechnologies.Underidealconditions,researchersharvested0.53decilitresofwaterpersquaremetreofthesurfaceperhour.“That’sclosetothetheoreticalmaximumvalueof0.6decilitresperhour,whichisphysicallyimpossibletoexceed,”saysIwanHachler,adoctoralstudentwhoisworkingonthetechnology. Thezero-energyinputoftheset-upcouldmakeitsuitableforuseindevelopingcountries,particularlyinremotecommunitieswherewatershortageisoftencombinedwithpowershortages.Thescientistsarehopefulthatthedevicecouldbeusedwithotherwater-collectionmethods,suchasdesalination,toincreaseproductivity.12.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbymentioningofficialstatisticsinParagraph1?A.Freshwaterinsecurityisaglobalcrisis.B.Waterresourcesareunevenlydistributedglobally.C.Lackofwaterseriouslyrestrictsmanycountries’growth.D.Developedcountriesarebetterathandlingwatershortages.13.HowdomanyChileanslivingintheAndesdealwiththeinadequatewatersupply?A.Byharvestingwaterfromfog.B.Bybringinginseawaterandpurifyingit.C.Bymovingtowater-richareasinsummer.D.Bycuttingdownontheirwaterconsumption.14.Whyisacoatedglasspaneusedinthenewdevice?A.Toholdthecondensedwater. B.Toworkasacoolingsurface.C.Togetridofharmfulsolarradiation. D.Torecordthechangesintemperature.15.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthenewdevice?A.Itproducessatisfyingoutcomes. B.Itislimitedtolaboratoryenvironments.C.Ithasmetwiththeoreticalbottlenecks. D.Itneedsfurtherconfirmationfromexperts.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。“Beautyisonlyskindeep”itissaid.Thismeansthataperson’sappearanceisnotasimportantastheircharacter.Yetitisstrangewhypeopleandespeciallywomenarewillingtospendafortuneonmakingthemselvesmoreattractivephysically.16Thereasoncanonlybeone,anditisthatbeautyhasitsadvantages.Attractivepeoplearemorepopulargenerally.Beautydrawsapositiveresponsefromthepeoplearound.Thisisobviouswithchildren.Forexample,basedonobservation,thereisatendencyforadultstotreatgood-lookingchildrenbetter.Thisfavorabletreatmentcontinuesintoadulthood,asattractivepeoplearemorelikelytobechosenforleadershippositionsandgivenmoreopportunities.17Anotherimportantbenefitthatgood-lookingpeopleenjoyisthattheyfindahusbandorwifemoreeasily.18Thisinitialattractionmaythendevelopintoromanticfeelingsandaseriousrelationshipifthecouplefindthattheyarecompatible(和睦相处的)witheachother.Ontheotherhand,beautyhasanumberofdisadvantagesaswell.Firstly,agood-lookingpersontendstoattractunwantedattentionfromallkindsofpeople.Theadmirermayhavebadintentionsandcauseproblemsforthetarget.19Itisthoughtthatbeautyandbrainsdonotgotogether.Thus,attractivepeoplemaynotgainrespectevenwhentheydeserveitbecauseofthisprejudiceagainstthem.Whileeveryindividualshouldtakecareoftheiroutwardappearanceandlooktheirbest,theyshouldnotneglect(忽视)theirinnerbeautyorcharacter.20Also,theyshouldnotforgetphysicalbeautyisindeed,onlyskindeepandwillnotlast.A.Lifeisnotalwayseasyforbeautifulpeople.B.Theskincareindustryisamulti-billiondollarbusiness.C.Itturnsoutbeingconventionallybeautifulhasitsbenefits.D.Itisafactthatpeoplearefirstattractedtooutwardappearance.E.Theyshouldnotplacesuchimportanceonbeautythattheybecomeproud.F.Beingwell-treatedgivesattractivepeoplemoreconfidenceandtheyperformbetter.G.Anotherproblemfacedbygood-lookingpeopleisthattheymaynotbetakenseriously.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Whenourneighbor’s94-year-oldfatherpassedaway,hismothermovedinwiththem.She21ahomefullofcannedgoods.Later,thewomen’sgroupinourcommunity22thatanyoneinneedofhomecanningsuppliescouldcometothe23andtakewhatwasavailable.Thecontentsweretoooldtoeat,butthejarscouldbe24.Iwasanewcannerwithnotmuch25butadesiretodomore,soourfamilysetoutto26supplies.Whenwe27,wefoundthreedecadesoffrugality(节俭)andpreparedness.Inthebasementofthehomewasastorehouseof28andcannedhome-grownfoods.Different-sizedjarswerefilledwithdecadesofautumn’sharvests.29fromthoseshelveswerejams,vegetables,fruit,beans,juice,andsmokedfish.30,forourfamilytomakeuseofthejars,thefruitsofharvestspasthadtobe31.Icarriedthejarstothebackyard,mywife32themandemptiedtheircontents,myoldersoncleanedthemoutandmydaughterkeptthebaby33.ThateveningI34sanitizing(消毒)theglassjars.Onthatday,wefilledourvehiclewithjars,butmore35,wefilledourfamilywithlessonsoflife.Iamgratefulforthegoodexamplesofourneighbors.21. A.cameacross B.heardabout C.leftbehind D.heldback22. A.announced B.admitted C.predicted D.pretended23. A.shelter B.house C.restaurant D.park24. A.essential B.powerful C.familiar D.useful25. A.effort B.energy C.equipment D.pressure26. A.buy B.deliver C.witness D.collect27. A.gathered B.slid C.arrived D.escaped28. A.stolen B.preserved C.baked D.damaged29. A.Lookingdown B.Showingoff C.Turningup D.Breakingaway30. A.Hopefully B.Finally C.Expectedly D.Unfortunately31. Ashared B.frozen Cprotected D.removed32. A.packed B.opened C.painted D.repaired33. A.entertained B.annoyed C.frightened D.bathed34. A.laughedat B.referredto C.stayedup D.appliedfor35. A.strictly B.significantly C.urgently D.amazingly第二节语法填空（共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Anewstudyhasshownthatconsumingartificialsweetener(甜味剂)mayleadtoanincreasedriskofcancer.Thestudy,36appearedinthejournalPLOSMedicine,indicatesthatindividualswhotakeinhigher-than-averageamountsofartificialsweetenerare13%morelikely37(suffer)fromcancer. Theauthorsofthestudycollecteddailydietary38(diary)from102,865Frenchadultsovereightyears.After39(take)intoaccountotherriskfactorsforcancersuchasage,weight,physicalactivity,andfatintake,theauthorsfoundthoseconsuminghighamountsofartificialsweetenerhadahighercanceroccurrencerate40non-consumers.Meanwhile,theyfoundthatcancerrateswerejustashighinexcessiveconsumersofartificialsweetenerandexcessivesugarintakemaybe41(equal)associatedwithcancerrisk,accordingtotheauthors. Whileartificialsweetener42(add)tomanyfoodproductsroutinely,otherkindsofnaturalsweetenersuchasstevia(甜菊糖)arealsohighlypopularwithhealth-consciouseaters.Thestudydoesn’tnote43theseplant-basedalternativescarrysimilarhealthrisksornot.However,fromthestudytheauthorsdrawthe44(conclude)thatartificialsweetenershouldn’tbeusedas45safealternativetosugar.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假如你是李华，你的好友Caroline即将参加你们学校举办的留学生中文写作大赛的决赛，写信询问你的建议。请你给她写封邮件，内容包括: 1.表达祝贺; 2.提供建议； 3.表达祝愿注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已给出,不计人总词数。DearCaroline,Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Edwardwalkedslowlypasttheschoolblacktopwherehisolderbrother,Leon,wasplayingbasketballwithhisfriends.Leondidn’tnoticeEdwarduntilheturnedtoshoottheball.Leonreallylovedbasketballandwasgoodatit.ButEdwardwasanotherstory.EdwardwouldbegtoplaywiththembutLeon’sfriendscomplainedalot.Forsomereason,inthatlastgame,Edward’splayingwasworsethanever.Hecouldn’tdoanythingright.Hewascompletelyunabletokeeppossessionoftheball.Hemissedeventheeasyrebounds.Hisdribbling(控球)wasuseless,andnoneofhisthrowswereanywherenearthebasket.Leonhadtoturnhisbrotheraway.Edwardwasalwaysageniusatmaths.Hewassoadvancedthathealreadyknewhowtosolvelongdivisionproblemsbeforehewastaughtinschool.Wordproblems,eventhecomplicatedoneswithseveralsteps,werenoproblem.Oneday,Leon’smathsteacherpulledhimaside.“Youneedtodobetter,alotbetter,oryou’renotgoingtopassthisclass.There’sabigtestcomingup.”Leon’sheartsank.Whenhegothome,hetalkedwithEdwardaboutit.Theboysagreedthatoverthenexttwoweekstheyintendedtospendanhoureachdayafterschoolworkingonmathsproblemsandthenanhourplayingbasketball.“Hereisagoodone,”Edwardsaidandpointedtoawordproblem.“Whydon’tyoureadit?”Leonlookedatthebookforseveralseconds.“I'mdizzyalready!”heexclaimed.“Doyouknowwhatthefirststepis?”askedEdward.“Thefirststepistostaycoolandfocused,”EdwardtalkedLeonthroughtheproblem.“Thinkaboutwhatyouneedtofindout.Don’tlettheproblemtrickyou.”Stepbystep,togethertheyfigureditoutandgottherightanswer.LeonsoondiscoveredthatEdwardwasreallygoodathelpinghim. 注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Soonitwastimeforbasketballpractice.Paragraph2:ThemorningofthemathstestcamealltoosoonforLeon.