季课程外研版高一英语：构词法合成词和词的转化教案

季课程外研版高一英语：构词法合成词和词的转化教案第页2023年秋季课程外研版高一英语第17讲：构词法—合成词和词的转化一、课程介绍知识点1.合成词的种类2.词的转化教学重点1.合成词常见的五种类型2.动词名词的转化教学难点1.合成名词的单复数，合成形容词的句法功能2.词性改变型转化二、要点回忆Ⅰ.知识回忆1．形容词作表语、定语、补语2．副词作状语3．倍数表达法4．定冠词的使用方法5．零冠词的使用方法Ⅱ.活用句型翻译以下句子这个杯子里的咖啡是那个杯子里的五倍。_________________________________________________.我们发现这个问题很难。_________________________________________________.那儿我遇到一个老外,这个老外帮了我不少忙。___________________________________________________.他又惊又喜站起来领奖.？__________________________________________________.【答案】Thereisfivetimesasmuchcoffeeinthisglassasinthatone..Wefoundtheproblemverydifficult.ThereImetaforeignerandtheforeignerhelpedmeagreatdeal..Hestoodupandacceptedtheprize,surprisedandhappy?三、知识精要语法知识列表【语法点二】合成词合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成的一个新词【语法点一】转化词转化词就是词形不变,由一个词类转化成另一个词类的词四、要点讲练【要点1】合成词的用法1.合成名词，如:workforce,haircut,postman,X-ray,mailbox,landowner,farmland,handstand,handshake,coastline,gunfire,short-wave,gentleman,newcomer,tightrope,best-seller,mainland,freeway,second-hand,midday,front-runner,pickpocket扒手,breakwater防波堤,runway,sit-downer静坐罢工者,breakthrough突破,runaround借口,runaway逃亡,sell-out售完,handout传单,breakdown衰落

2.合成形容词，如:worldwide,nationwide,duty-free,snow-white,world-famous,lifelong,English-speaking,noise-killing,hand-made,peace-loving,horse-drawn,fun-loving,ready-made现成的,good-looking,easy-going,low-lying地势低洼的,well-known,hard-working,well-informed消息灵通的,widespread,ill-formed,first-rate,second-hand,worthwhile,everyday,middle-aged,warm-blooded,good-tempered,bare-footed

3.合成代词，如:himself,herself,themselves,something,someone,anything,nobody

4.合成动词，如:overthrow,output,input,uphold,uplift,downgrade,sleep-walk,typewrite,brainwash,handpick精选,daydream,whitewash,deep-freeze

5.合成副词，如:meanwhile,midway,everywhere,somewhere,anyway,otherwise,sometime,beforehand,onshore,inside,offhand,headfirst头朝下地,daylong【例题】Doyouliketoaccept________ideainmodernsociety?

A.outdate

B.update

C.up-to-date

D.out-of-date【解析】考查合成词作定语。up-to-date现代的，新式的。out-of-date过时的。Outdate，update均为动词，不合题意。【答案】C【即学即用】1.用breakup的正确形式填空①Hehas______withhisgirlfriendafterafiercequarrel②Afterthe_______ofhisteam,heisalwaysinlowspirit.【答案】①brokenup②breakup2.用everyday和everyday翻译以下句子①学习英语是他每天的功课。②他每天都在学习英语。【答案】①LearningEnglishishiseverydayhomework②HelearnsEnglisheveryday.【知识拓展】everyday每天，副词everyday每天的，形容词【要点2】转化词——即不改变词形，仅通过词性改变与否来使单词具有新的意义和作用的单词。(一)词性不变型

about

adv.大约,几乎;在附近→(转到)相反方向;

反方向的

arm

n.手臂→n.武器

ball

n.球→n.舞会

band

n.带子,镶边→波段→乐队bank

n.银行→n.河岸〔堤〕

block

n.街区→n.木块，石块box

n.盒子→n.拳击date

n.日期,日子→

约会→枣

fan

n.扇子,→迷,狂热者,爱好者

fire

vt.

点燃→放枪→

<口>解雇

〔二〕词性改变型

address

n.地址→vt.演讲,说话

bar

n.

条,棒→n.酒吧→n.一根〔条、快〕→vt.禁止,阻挡

→n.(Bar)律师业

bearn.

熊→v.忍受→v.生〔孩子〕

fine

adj.美好的→精细的；精微的→n.罚款,罚金

fair

adj.

美丽的→(头发)金黄的→公平的→(天气)晴朗的n.集市，

展览会

live

adj.活的,生动的→实况转播的→vi,vt活着；生存【例题】Inrecentyearsmanyforeigncompanieshasbeen___________smoothlyinChina.A.run

B.jumped

C.walked

D.climbed【解析】近些年，很多外国公司在中国经营得很顺利。Run动词意为“经营〞，其他选项没有相关引申义【答案】A【即学即用】Yaomingisa7-_____,5-inch

internationalbasketballplayer.A.meter

B.kilometer

C.foot

D.centimeter【答案】C※【链接高考】①(2023天津卷〕WhileshewasinParis,shedevelopeda______forfineartway B．relationC．tasteD.habit②(2023天津卷)--parentsandchildrenshouldcommunicatemoreto______thegapbetweenthemsothattheycanunderstandeachothermore.openB.narrowC.widenD.leave【答案】①C当他在巴黎的时候，他对良好的艺术品有了品味。Taste：品尝，尝起来，品味，味道②B父母和孩子们应该多沟通来弥补他们之间的代沟以便双方都能互相理解得更多。Narrow常用作形容词，窄的。这里为动词“使变窄〞五、双基达标1.词转化练习①arm_________②can_______③count_______④flood_________【答案】①胳膊，武器，用武器装备②能，罐子③数，是重要的④洪水，大量而来2.翻译句子①ThePresidentgaveanaddresstothenationovertheradio．________________________________________________________________________②Forbusinessmenwhatcountedwasmoney.________________________________________________________________________【答案】①总统通过播送向全国进行演讲②对于商人来说金钱最重要3.单项选择1．endA．终点B．结局C．终止Atlast，thewarendedwiththeEnglishmenwinning．TheFrenchmenhadonlycontrolledoneprovinceofCanada．Whichoneisthecorrectmeaningoftheword“end〞?_________．2．enterA．进入B．参加C．开始D．报名Haveyouenteredyourselfforthesportsmeettobeheldnextweek？Whichoneisthecorrectmeaningoftheword“enter〞?_________．3．equalA．相当的B．比得上C．等于Nothingcanequalthepleasureofdrinkingacolddrinkonacoldsummerday．Whichoneisthecorrectmeaningoftheword“equal〞?_________．4.evenA．有规律的B．平坦的C．甚至D．公平的Everythingisevenlyarrangedatpresent．Don\'tbetooworried．Whichoneisthecorrectmeaningoftheword“even〞?_________．5．excuseA．免除B．借口C．原谅Livinginthecountrycanexcuseyoufromtheworryoftheheavytrafficandthepollutedenvironment．Whichoneisthecorrectmeaningoftheword“excuse〞?_________．6．expectA．预计B．盼望C．希望Theweatherturnsoutfarbetterthanweexpected．Nowwehavegotusedtoit．Whichoneisthecorrectmeaningoftheword“expect〞?_________．7．experienceA．经验B．经历C．遭受Nowthatyouhaveexperiencedsuchanadventurebefore，youmustbeabletodowithit．Whichoneisthecorrectmeaningoftheword“experience〞?_________．8．expressA．明确的B．高速的C．表达n．快车Itwasinthatexpresswaythatthetrafficaccidenthappened．Whichoneisthecorrectmeaningoftheword“express〞?_________Hisexpresswishwasthatyoushouldcomeherebyexpresstrain．9．extraA．额外的B．非常C．额外的事物Theworkerswillgetsomeextrapayiftheyworkextrahours．Whichoneisthecorrectmeaningoftheword“extra〞?_________答案：1–5CDBAA6–9ABBA4.完形填空OnacoldNovemberafternoon,mymotherandIwerewalkinghomefromapizzastore.Weweredressed1andequippedwiththerentedvideowehadbeen2towatch.Iwasfeelingalittle3asIwascarryingourshopping,anddecidedtothrowawaysomething.SoIstartedtowalktowardsthegarbagecan4Inoticedapoormanwalkingoutoftherestaurantinfrontofus.He5overtoanothernearbygarbagecanandstartedlookingthroughit.IsuddenlyfeltveryguiltybecauseIwasabouttothrowawayanewdrinkjustbecauseitwas6.Iwalkeduphimandhandedthe7andsomesnacks〔小吃〕overtohim.Themanlookedup8andtookwhatIgavehim.Ahugesmile9acrosshisfaceandthis10metofeelindescribablesatisfaction.IfeltIcouldn’tbehappier11myself.Butthenhesaid,“Wow,thisismyson’sluckyday!〞Withthat,hethankedmehappilyandstartedoffonhisbike,I12heardhimwhistlingasongasherodeaway.Igotawarm13inside.Inowunderstandwhatis14bythesaying“givingisgetting〞.Althoughitonly15alittleactionandafewwords,IgainedandlearnedmoreinthosetwominutesthanIdidinthe16ofthemonth.Everyoneintheworldneedshelp,everyonecan17helpandeveryonewillbehelpedby18kindness.Theimageofthatman’shappinesscausedbymysmallgiftappearsinmymindevery19Ihavethechancetodosomethingnice.Thisisthe20ofcharity.1．A．poorly B．coldly C．warmly D．expensively2．A．dyingB．exciting C．worrying D．happy3．A．worriedB．interested C．bored D．tired4．A．andB．but C．as D．when5．A．headedB．passed C．crossed D．took6．A．cheapB．heavy C．tasteless D．full7．A．moneyB．toys C．drink D．clothes8．A．insilenceB．insurprise C．ininterest D．inahurry9．A．appearedB．spread C．went D．ran10．A．forcedB．helped C．persuaded D．caused11．A．with B．to C．at D．for12．A．stillB．once C．even D．ever13．A．senseB．mind C．thinking D．feeling14．A．aimedB．meant C．considered D．thought15．A．costB．took C．called D．asked16．A．wholeB．others C．rest D．time17．A．give B．send C．promise D．have18．A．showing B．owning C．lending D．setting19．A．moment B．day C．minute D．time20．A．power B．force C．strength D．aim答案:1—5CADDA6-10BCBBD11—15ACDBB16-20CAADA5.习文练笔[题目要求]假设你是张华,你在新学校学习已有两个多月,请根据以下提示,用英语给你的朋友Jane写封电子邮件,谈谈你的高中生活.1你的学校和班级2你的作息时间3你的朋友或老师4你最喜欢的[思路点拨]1．时态：主要为一般现在时；人称：一般用第一人称。2.所给提示要写全[词汇热身]①日常生活______________②耐心的____________【答案】①routinelife②patient[句式温习]自从我搬到新学校已经两个多月了It__________over2monthssinceImovedtothenewschool【答案】hasbeen[连句成篇]________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】DearJane,Ithasbeenover2monthssinceImovedtothenewschool,andI'dliketotalkaboutmylifeinit.Atpresent,IaminClass1,Gradeoneofmyseniorhighschool,Ilikemynewschool,Igetupat6:30everymorning,anddohomeworkafterschool,Iusuallygotobedat21:10everyevening,suchismyroutinelife!Ihavemadeseveralgoodfriendsinmyclass,wegotoschooltogethereveryday,andalwaysplayfootballonourbigplaygroundafterclass,itisamazing.Besidesthat,allourclassmateslikeourEnglishteacher,MissLi,sheisverykindandpatient,weenjoyherclassbecauseitisveryinteresting.Somuchaboutmylifeinmyseniorhighschool,andImaytellyoumorelater.BestwishesZhangHua六、单元自测1.词汇检测(词转化)finechargewellpresentgoodscoverlivemineappetitedriveaspecthitstandkill2.句子翻译1.Ireceivedafloodoflettersthismorning．2.Insteadofdisturbingher，thenewshadastrangelycalmeffect．3.Heintroducedhisspeechwithajoke．4.Hejammedfourapplesinhispocket．【答案】1.今天早上我收到大量的信件。2.这个消息传来，不仅没有使她心神不安，反而使她非常镇静。3．他的演讲以一个笑话开始。4.他往衣袋里塞了四个苹果。3.知识运用1〕完形填空

Mr.Graytraveledalotonbusiness.Hesoldmachinesofvariouskindstofamers,whichhethoughtnotreallyavery_1_job,buthehadalwaysbeeninterestedin_2_,andhewasquitesatisfiedwithhislife.Hehadabig_3_,andusuallyenjoyeddrivingitlongdistances,buthewasalsoquite_4_togobytrainsometimestooespeciallywhentheweatherwas_5_.Hewasalittlefrightenedofdrivingintherainorsnow,anditwas_6_tiringtositcomfortablyinatrainandlookoutofthewindowswithoutbeingworriedabouthowonewasgoingtogettothenextplace.OneofMr.Gray’s_7_wasoftenwheretostaywhenhereachedsomesmall_8_inthecountry.Hedidnotexpect_9_andwonderfulfood,buthefounditannoyingwhenhewasgivenacoldroom,andwhentherewasnohotwater_10_goodfoodafteralongandtiringday.Lateonewinterevening,Mr.Grayarrivedatasmallrailwaystation.Thejourneybytrainthat_11_hadnotbeenatallinteresting,andMr.Graywascoldandtiredand_12_.Hewaslookingforwardtoa_13_butsatisfyingmealbyabrightlyburning_14_,andthenahotbathandacomfortablebed.Whilehewaswalkingtothetaxistand,hesaidtoalocalmanwhowasalso_15_there.“Asthisismy_16_visittothispartofthecountryandIwasintoomuchofahurrytofindoutaboutahotelbeforeI_17_home,Iwouldverymuchliketoknowhowmanyyouhavehere.〞Thelocalmananswered,“Wehavetwo.〞“Andwhichofthetwowouldyou_18_metogoto?〞Mr.Grayaskedthen.Thelocalmanscratchedhis_19_forafewmomentsandthenanswered,“Well,it’slikethis:_20_oneyougoto,you’llbesorryyoudidn’tgototheother.〞A．exhausting B．boring C．disappointing D．exciting 2.A．farming B．gardening C．traveling D．driving3.A．taxi B．plane C．car D．boat4.A．satisfied B．tired C．frightened D．encouraged5.A．cold B．hot C．good D．bad6.A．more B．less C．very D．so 7.A．problems B．questions C．aims D．jobs8.A．room B．restaurant C．hotel D．place9.A．respect B．comfort C．support D．peace10..A．or B．and C．but D．nor11.A．month B．day C．week D．moment12.A．thirsty B．angry C．ill D．hungry13.A．large B．simple C．rich D．wonderful14.A．fire B．candle C．oil D．light15.A．staying B．walking C．sitting D．working16.A．last B．best C．first D．only17.A．left B．returned C．went D．missed18.A．want B．advise C．allow D．wish19.A．hand B．arm C．head D．back20.A．each B．whatever C．any D．whichever答案:1-5BCCAD6-10BADBA6-10BDBAB6-10BABCD2〕阅读理解Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertothesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.If,ontheotherhand,wetaketwoidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence.1.Thewriterisinfavoroftheviewthatman'sintelligenceisgiventohim_________.A.atbirthB.througheducationC.bothatbirthandthrougheducationD.neitheratbirthnorthrougheducation2.Ifachildisbornwithlowintelligence,hecan_________.A.becomeageniusB.stillbecomeageniusifheshouldbegivenspecialeducationC.notreachhisintelligenceinhislife.D.reachhisintelligencelimitsinrichsurroundingsInthe2ndparagraph,theunderlinedsentencemeans“ifwe〞__________A.pickanytwopersonsB.takeouttwodifferentpersonsC.choosetwopersonswhoarerelativeD.choosetwopersonswithdifferentintelligence4.Theexampleofthetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparatelyshows_________.A.theimportanceoftheirintelligenceB.theroleofenvironmentonintelligenceC.theimportanceoftheirpositionsD.thepartthatbirthplays5.Thebesttitleofthepassagecanbe__________.A.SurroundingsB.EffectofeducationC.DependenceonEnvironmentD.Intelligence答案:15