Unit1DiscoverUsefulStructures课件-高中英语人教版选择性

1.他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸，并用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不起作用。2.她用较低的温度提取提取物，发现了一种有效的物质。3.这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大部分受试患者都康复了。4.这一成功证明了中医的巨大价值。5.中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefoundasubstancethatworked.Themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.ThissuccessprovesthegreatvalueoftraditionalChinesemedicine.ItisindeedanhonourforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.1.acknowledge(v.)----acknowledgement(n.)beacknowledgedas/tobe…被公认为/是…It’sgenerally/universally/widelyacknowledgedthat…众所周知/普遍认为……2.defeat(n./v.)-----TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.victory(n.)胜利3.distinct(adj.)----distinction(n.)----distinguish(v.)----distinguished(adj.)4.analyse(v.)----analysis(n.)5.apparently(adv.)----obviously/evidently/clearly6.scientific(adj.)----science(n.)-----scientist(n.)----ascientificresearch/study7.substance(n.)----Shefoundasubstancethatworked.8.obtain(v.)9.extract(n./v.)10.insist(v.)----insiston(doing)sth.----Theteacherinsistedthatallthehomework(should)behandedinonMonday.11.objective(adj.)----object(n.)物体，宾语----objection(n.)反对----withtheobjectiveofdictationUnit1PeopleofAchievementDiscoveringusefulstructuresunit1P.5TheytestedhundredsofChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstthedisease.(restrictive,describethekindofmedicaltreatmentstheytested)

TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.(non-restrictive,giveextrainformationaboutNobelPrize)Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.(non-restrictive,giveextrainformationaboutthepatients)（1）关系词不同关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略；在非限制性定语从句中，所有关系词都不可省略。MrWhite,whomyoumetyesterday,isoneofmyoldfriends.你昨天遇到的怀特先生是我的一个老朋友。(非限制性定语从句，whom在从句中作宾语，不能省略)限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用forwhich代替whyIhadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn'tattendthemeeting.我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。（2）含义、作用不同限制性定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，与先行词关系密切，若缺少，句意则不完整。非限制性定语从句修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰整个句子，对先行词仅起补充说明作用，若缺少，句意仍相对完整。DoyourememberthemanwhotaughtusEnglish?你记得教我们英语的那个人吗?Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,whichhelpsthemkeepfit.她和家人都骑车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。可通过以下两个例句对比理解两者的区别：Hisbrotherwhois19yearsoldisservinginthearmynow.他的一个19岁的哥哥正在部队服役。(他有不止一个哥哥)Hisbrother,whois19yearsold,isservinginthearmynow.他的哥哥今年19岁，正在部队服役。(他只有一个哥哥）限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句，后译先行词，即把从句放在先行词前，译为“……的+先行词”。非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译主句，后译从句，形成两个分句。关系代词as引导的定语从句(1)as用于限制性定语从句Heissucharespectablemanasweallrespect.Heissucharespectablemanthatweallrespecthim.Thisisthesamewalletashelostyesterday.Thisisthesamewalletthathelostyesterday.(2)as用于非限制性定语从句，表示“正如，像……一样”

，其位置可放在主句前面，也可放在后面。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面，且无“正如”之意。Hecamebackhomelate,asweexpected.Asispointedout,thisisagrammarproblem.

Asisknowntousall,heisthetalleststudentinourclass.这和我昨天丢的那块表一样。这正是我昨天丢的那块表。连词that，引导结果状语从句，在从句中不做成分。关系代词as，引导定语从句，在句中做成分。常与as连用的词有know,see,expect,pointout等。1.asisknowntoall=asweallknow众所周知

2.asissaid正如所说的

3.asyoucansee=ascanbeseen正如你所看见的4.asisreported正如报道的5.asisexpected正如预料的6.asispointedout正如指出的7.asafamoussayinggoes正如一句谚语所说/俗话说8.asismentionedabove正如以上提到的as引导的非限制性定语从句中e.g.:Asisknowntousall,ZhongNanshanisoneofthegreatestphysiciansinChina.Extending1.Byboatistheonlywaytogetthere,

ishowwearrived.2.

canbeseenfromhisface,heisquitepleased.whichAsActivity2Combinesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauseThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming.Hediscoveredpenicillin.＋﹦ThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming,whoHediscoveredpenicillin.Howdoesthesentenceflowdifferently?Itismorefluent,andtheinformationprovidedismorecloselyjointtogether.Tips:第一步：明确主句和从句。第二步：找出先行词，确定它在主句中的功能。第三步：根据先行词和关系代词或副词在从句中的功能，确定使用哪个关系代词或副词。EXAMPLEThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming.Hediscoveredpenicillin.ThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming,whodiscoveredpenicillin.1Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman.Hewasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.2Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.Hitlerwasinpowerthere.3ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.▼P.5▼▼Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman,whowasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany,whereHitlerwasinpower.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda,whosecircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.4Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling.Itinspiredusalot.5ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei—afamousChineseAmericanarchitect.HewasborninGuangzhou,China.6Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.Itwasabigchallengeforme.▼P.5▼▼

Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling,whichinspiredusalot.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei—afamousChineseAmericanarchitect,whowasborninGuangzhou,China.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart,whichwasabigchallengeforme.P.623Writeafewsentencesaboutsomegreatpeoplewiththeinformationgivenbelow.Userelativeclauses.DrSunYat-sen’swife;oneofthetopleadersinmodernChinesehistory;devotedherlifetoimprovingthewelfareofwomenandchildrenThefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969;“That’sasmallstepfor(a)man,onegiantleapformankind.”SongQingling,whowasDrSunYat-sen'swifeandoneofthetopleadersinmodernChinesehistory,devotedherlifetoimprovingthewelfareofwomenandchildren.NeilArmstrong,whowasthefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969,said,"That'sasmallstepfor(a)man,onegiantleapformankind."NormanBethune,whocametoChinainWorldWarII,workedselflesslyinChinaasadoctorandsavedmanyChinesepeople.LuXunwasaleadingfigureofmodernChineseliterature.LuXunLiteraryPrize,whichisoneofChina'stopfourliteraryprizesisawardedeverythreeyears.JoanofArc,whowasagirldressedasaman,

wenttofightforhercountry.ShehelpeddrivetheEnglishinvadersoutofFrance.P.62whowhomwhichwhosewhenwhere

in/of/forwhichofwhom

whichwho(m)whenwhosewhereinwhichofwhomofwhichinwhichwhere

P.622Decidewhetherthesentencesarerightorwrong.Correctthemwhere

necessary.1Pleasewritedownthesephrases,allofthemwillbeusefulinyourwriting.2Asaconsequenceofsendinginhisapplicationlate,hedidnotgetapatentforhisinvention,

thatwasnotsurprisingatall.3Theresearchersareevaluatingthousandsofplants,whichhavedistinctmedicalproperties.4Thegentleoldmanistheonlyperson,whomIcantrust.5Haveyoudoneallwhatyoucantohelpthepeopleinneed?6Isthisthebotanicalinstitutewhereyouvisitedlastweek?∧and(构成并列句)which(构成主从复合句)which(非限定性从句不能用that引导)√that(去掉逗号，是限定性定语从句)that(what引导的是名词性从句，特指某一整体事物，不能加all)that/which(引导词作visited的宾