急救指南CNEN资料

宁波宁波关外码头有限公司CITICDaxieGuanwaiJettyCo.,Ltd.急救指南HINTSONFIRSTAID此手册应常放置于急救箱内Thisbookletshouldalwaysbekeptinthefirstaidbox2010年09月Sep.2010

工作场所名称NameofUndertaking急救箱位置LocationofFirstAidBox管理急救箱负责人之姓名Nameofdesignatedpersonin-chargeofthebox注意：每一个急救箱或急救柜须有足够的容积，并且所有物品须要经常保持良好状态。请参阅附录表。Note:Eachfirstaidboxorcupboardmustbelargeenoughtoholdallthecontents,whicharemaintainedingoodcondition.PleaserefertotheappropriateAppendix.急救指南本小册子只作为提供受伤时急救处理方法，并不能代替曾受训练的医生或护士的治疗。轻微损伤所有伤口应要立刻处理。最重要是保持伤口清洁，不受感染。一、在水龙头下小心洗涤伤口。如有消毒药水，可用之洗涤伤口。二、用消毒敷料或粘性敷料覆盖伤口。三、如有需要，应上医院诊治。严重受伤一、拨打120召唤救护车，送伤者往医院诊治。二、在严重情况时，最重要是尽量制止流血及避免伤口受感染。流血应尽快制止流血。一、指示伤者躺下。二、把受伤部位提高。三、检验伤口（1）若伤口没有异物，用消毒敷料覆盖伤口，然后用手直接施压止血。（2）如伤口有异物，不要设法拔除。应盖上消毒敷料，用手直接按着供应该部位的动脉止血。施压时间不能超过十五分钟。（3）如消毒敷料不足够使用时，可用清洁手帕或棉质毛巾覆盖伤口。（4）如怀疑有内出血现象，应留意休克症状。请参阅《休克处理方法》。休克所有严重受伤均可引致休克。病症及病状如下：一、皮肤湿冷，苍白或呈灰色。二、唇和指甲发蓝。三、感觉寒冷和口渴。四、呼吸困难及急速。五、脉膊快而弱。六、神智渐减。处理方面：一、让伤者平卧，头部略低并侧向一方。二、解松紧朿着颈和腰的衣服。三、安慰及使伤者温暖和舒服。四、不要给予饮食。昏迷一、置伤者侧卧，头部偏向一方，两手臂分置身体旁边复原卧式。二、解松紧朿着颈和腰的衣服。三、如有假牙，将之除去。四、清除口中异物，以免呼吸道受阻塞。五、不可给予饮食，或扶他坐起来。骨折一、若怀疑是关节受伤或骨胳折断，除非仍有生命危险或受伤部位已被固定，否则切勿移动伤者。二、应拨打120召唤救护车，尽快送医院诊治。眼睛受伤异物入眼一、用洁净冷水冲洗眼睛，把粘附在眼睛表面的异物如尘埃，砂砾或微粒冲走。二、如果异物藏在眼窝内或嵌入眼球，不可尝试除掉。三、用清洁敷料轻轻覆盖眼睛。四、送伤者往医院诊治。化学品入眼一、立刻用洗眼器轻轻冲洗受伤的眼睛最少十分钟。如没有洗眼器，可置面部受影响的一方在水龙头下冲洗，不要波及没受伤的眼睛。冲洗时应把眼睑拉开，让水流入眼内，冲走眼内的化学品。二、不可用手揉眼睛。三、用消毒敷料或眼罩轻轻盖着受伤的眼睛。四、立刻送院治疗。眼睛受到重击（黑眼睛）应尽快送伤者往医院接受诊治。烧伤烫伤轻微烧伤/烫伤一、用洁净的冷水冲洗发红的部位十五分钟，可减轻痛楚。二、用消毒敷料包裹伤处。如没有消毒敷料，可用清洁布料包裹。三、脱除在伤处的手饰例如戒指和手表。四、不要弄破水泡或除去剥离的皮肤。严重烧伤一、不要尝试脱除粘着烧伤部位的衣物。用清洁的棉质布料覆盖该处的衣服，避免其暴露于空气中受感染。二、如果烧伤范围十分大，可用清洁的床单包裹伤者，然后送往医院诊治。三、留意休克的症状。被化学品灼伤一、在淋浴室用缓缓流动的清洁冷水冲洗所有伤处十五至二十分钟。二、冲洗时要避免化学品流入眼睛内。请参阅《化学品入眼的处理方法》。三、小心脱除或必要时剪除受污染的衣物。四、用消毒敷料覆盖伤处。五、尽快送伤者往医院诊治。触电在抢救伤者前，应立即切断电流。若此法不可行，应试图用干的橡胶，木条等绝缘对象把伤者推离电源。如伤者心跳停顿，可由曾受急救训练人士进行心肺复苏法，为他施救。气体或烟熏中毒一、尽快把伤者移离气体或烟熏的现场，安置在新鲜空气流通的地方。二、拯救人员应采用安全措施或防毒呼吸器来保护自己，免受危害。三、保持现场环境空气流通。四、如果伤者停止呼吸，可由曾受急救训练人士进行人工呼吸法，为他施救。HINTSONFIRSTAIDINTRODUCTIONThisbookletisintendedtobeaguidetothefirstaidtreatmentofinjuriesandnotasasubstituteformedicaltreatmentadministeredbyadoctorornurse.MINORWOUNDSANDSCRATCHESAllwoundsshouldreceiveimmediatetreatment.Itisimportanttokeepthewoundcleanandpreventitfromcontamination.Cleanthewoundgentlyundertherunningtap.Iftheantisepticsolutionisavailable,useittocleanthewound.Coverthewoundwithasterileoradhesivedressing.Seekmedicaladviceifnecessary.SERIOUSINJURIESCall120foranambulanceinemergency.Transferthevictimtoahospitalassoonaspossible.Incaseofseriousinjury,itisimportanttocontrolbleedingtotheminimum,andpreventswoundcontamination.BleedingStopthebleedingassoonaspossible.Instructthevictimtoliedown.Liftuptheinjuredpart.Inspectthewound.Ifthereisnoforeignbody,coveritwithasteriledressingandapplydirect,firmpressurewiththehandtostopbleeding.Ifthereisforeignbody,donotattempttoremoveit.Coveritwithsteriledressingandapplypressureoverselectedpointsofthearteryfornotlongerthan15minutes.Useacleanhandkerchieforcottontoweltocoverthewoundwhenthereisinsufficientsteriledressing.Iftheinternalbleedingissuspected,observeforsignsofshock.Pleasereferto'TreatmentforShock'.ShockAllseriousinjuriesmaycauseshock.Thesignsandsymptomsare:Cold,moist,paleorgreyskin.Bluenailbedsandlips.Sensationofcoldandthirst.Rapidanddifficultbreathing.Rapidandweakpulse.Decreasedconsciousnesslevel.Treatment:Thevictimshouldliedownonthebackwiththeheadlowandturnedtooneside.Loosenhis/herclothingthatistightaroundtheneckandwaist.Reassureandkeephim/hercomfortableandwarm.Nevergivefoodordrinktothevictim.UnconsciousnessLaythevictimdownonthesidewiththeheadturnedtoonesiderestingonhis/herforearms(RecoveryPosition).Loosenhis/herclothingthatistightaroundtheneckandwaist.Removedenturesifany.Removeforeignmaterialsifitisobstructinghis/herairway.Nevergiveanyfood/drinktothevictimortrytosithim/herup.Fractures1.Ifaninjuredjointorabrokenboneissuspected,donotmovethevictimunlesshe/sheisinfurtherdangeroruntiltheaffectedparthasbeenimmobilized.2.Callambulanceandtransferhim/hertoahospitalassoonaspossible.EYEINJURIESForeignObjectsintheeyeFlushwithcleancoldwatertoremovelooseparticlessuchasdust,cinders,gritsorsmallparticlesonthesurfaceoftheeyes.Iftheparticlesareinsidetheorbitalcavityorembeddedintheeyeball,noattemptshouldbemadetoremovethem.Covertheeyelooselywithacleandressing.Transferthevictimtoahospitalformedicaltreatment.ChemicalintheEyeImmediatelyflushtheinjuredeyegentlybutthoroughlyataneyebathforatleast10minutes.Ifaneyebathisnotavailable,flushtheaffectedsideofthefaceundertherunningtap.Takecarenottocontaminatetheunaffectedeye.Theeyelidsshouldbeheldopenwhilebathingtoletthewaterwashoffthechemicalintheeye.Donotrubtheeye.Placeasteriledressingoreyepadoverit.Transfertoahospitalformedicaltreatmentassoonaspossible.AHeavyBlowontheEye("BlackEye")Referthevictimtoahospitalfortreatmentassoonaspossible.BURNS/SCALDSMinorburn/scaldBathethereddenedareawithcleancoldwaterforupto15minutestorelievepain.Covertheareawithsteriledressingsoracleanclothifsteriledressingsarenotavailable.Removethejewelryforexamples,ring,watchfromtheburntarea.Donotbreakablisterorremoveaskinflapinallburncases.MajorburnDonotattempttoremoveclothingstucktotheburntarea.Theburntareashouldbecoveredwithcleancottonclothtopreventexposuretoairandcontamination.Incaseofanextensiveburn,thevictimshouldbewrappedinacleansheetbeforetransferringtoahospital.Observeforshock.ChemicalBurnsBathealltheaffectedareasinashowerwithcontinuouslyclean,coldrunningwaterfor15-20minutes.Avoidchemicalrunningintotheeyeduringbathing.Pleasereferto"TreatmentforChemicalintheEye".Removetheaffectedclothingcarefullyorbycuttingifnecessary.Covertheareawithasteriledressing.Transferthevictimtoahospitalformedicaltreatmentassoonaspossible.ELECTRICSHOCKShutofftheelectriccurrentbeforerescuingthevictim.Iftheattemptisimpossible,separatehim/herfromtheelectricsourcebyanobjectthatdoesnotconductelectricitysuchasdryrubber,woodenstick.Ifthevictimhasnoheartbeat,performcardiopulmonaryresuscitationbyapersontrainedinfirstaid.POISONINGBYGASESORFUMESRemovethevictimfromfurtherexposure