浙江省杭州市2018年中考英语真题试题（含解析）

PAGEPAGE16浙江省杭州市2018年中考英语真题试题第I卷第一部分 听力（略）第Ⅱ卷第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题.每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。AWhenCanadianteenagerRyanwassixyearsold,histeachertoldhimthatinmanypartsofAfrica,therewasnocleanwater.Shesaidthatpeopleoftenmadethemselvesill,andevendied,justfromdrinkingorbathingindirtywater.WhatshesaidmadeRyanupset.Hedecidedtoraisemoneyforawell(井)sothatpeopleinAfricacouldhavecleanwater.Hedidextrachoresforhisparentsandraised$70allbyhimself.Thenhefoundoutthatitactuallycost$2,000todigawell.Mostpeoplewouldhavegivenupatthispoint,butnotRyan.Hewasdisappointed,butdeterminedtoraisemoremoney.Finallyhecollectedover$2,000.Thatmoneywasusedtodigthefirstof“Ryan'swells”.Sincethen,Ryanhascontinuedtoraisemoneyformorewells.Infact,Ryanhasraisedover$1,500,000!Ryancallshimself“anormalboy”andlikestoplayicehockeywhenhe'snotinschoolortravelingaroundtheworldtalkingtootherstudentsabouthimselfandhiswork.Asforthefuture.hehassaidthatheisn'texactlysurewhathewillchoosetodo.“Somethingalongthelinesofalawyerorateacher.Maybealeader!”Ryan'steachertoldhimaboutthewaterprobleminAfricainorderto .encourageRyantodigwellsforpeopleinAfricaaskRyantoraisemoneyforpoorpeopleinAfricamakeRyanfeelunhappyanddisappointededucateRyantocareaboutAfricanpeopleindifficulty.WhatdoesRyanthinkofhimselfaccordingtothepassage?Heisdifferentfromotherstudentsinmanyways.Henevergivesupwhenhehasdecidedtodosomething.Heistalentedandcandomanygreatthingsinthefuture,He'slikeotherstudentswithhisownhobbyanddreams.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.RyanandHisTeacher B.RyanandHisWells.C.RyanandHisMoney D.RyanandHisFutureBWhowantstoeatfoodthatisthrownawayaswaste?Believeitornot,that’sexactlywhatworldleadersdidatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationsin2015.Duringthemeal,theworldleadersenjoyeddisheslikesaladsandburgersmadewiththrown-awayvegetablesandfruits.ChefDanBarber,whohelpedcreatethemeal,hopedthattheexperiencewouldmaketheleaderspaymoreattentiontotheissueoffoodwaste.Itisahugeproblem.OneoutofninepeopleonEarthdoesnotgetenoughfood.Yeteveryyearoveronethirdofthefoodproducedworldwidegoestowaste!Whyissomuchfoodwasted?Firstly,foodisoftenthrownawaybeforeitreachescustomersbecausetoomuchofitisproduced,orbecauseitisnotkeptproperlyinfarms.Secondly,shopsandsupermarketsusuallythrowawayunsoldfood.Finally,customersoftenbuymorefoodthantheyneed,soalotofuneatenfoodiswasted.Howcanyouwastelessfood?Wheneatingout,youmayaskforlessfoodandtakehomewhatisleft.Visitfastfoodrestaurantlessoften,sincetheyusuallymorewasteful.Encourageyourfavoriterestaurantstogiveunsoldfoodtofoodbanks.Youcanalsowastelessfoodathome.Usesmallerricebowlssothatyouservelessrice.Encouragefamilymemberstouseunfinishedricetomakericepuddings.Tellfamilymemberstomakeashoppinglistandbuyonlywhatisonthelistwhenshoppingforfood.Foodwasteisagrowingproblemandwe,eitherfarmersorfoodsellersorcustomers,musttakethisproblemmoreseriouslyanddowhatwecantohelp.WhatdidworldleadersdoatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationsin2015?Theythrewawayfoodaswasteduringthemeal.TheymadedisheswithwastevegetablesandfruitsTheyatefoodmadewithwastevegetablesandfruits.TheyhelpedChefDanBarbercreatethespecialmeal.Theunderlinedword“issue”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto .A.result B.problem C.cause D.beginningThewriterorganizesParagraph4byaskingaquestionand .A.givingexamples B.usingnumbersC.listingreasons D.tellingastoryWhichwayofwastinglessfoodismentionedinthepassage?Buyingunsoldfoodfromsupermarkets.Keepingfoodproperlyinfridge.Usingsmallerricebowlswheneatingout.Askingforlessfoodinrestaurants.CBananasaretheperfectsnack.Notonlyaretheysweetanddelicious,buttheyareeasytocarryaround,soyoucantakethemanywhere.Bestofall,bananasprovidedifferentthingsthatthehumanbodyneeds!Bananasgrowbestinwarmplacesthatgetlotsofrain.Theygrowonplantsthatlookliketrees.Thebananaplant,however,isconsideredaherbratherthanatreebecauseitdoesn’thaveastrongwoodyTheplantscangrowashighas30feetWhentheyreachtheirfullheight,flowersgrowoutfromthestem.Theseflowersproducebananas.orthreetimeseachyear,theplantsproducefruit.Thebananasgrowtogether,whichseemlike“hands”.Ahandismadeupof10to20bananas.Growerssometimescallbananas“fingers”.Eachbunch（丛）ofbananashasabout15hands,andsoawholebunchmayhaveasmanyas200bananasandcanweighmorethan100pounds.Afteraboutthreemonths,thebananasarereadytobepicked.Atthispoint,theystillaren’tthesunnyyellowcolorofbananas.Farmerspickthemwhenthey’regreen.That’showthey’reshippedtostores.Theyturnyellowalongthewayandarereadytobesold.Ifyoulovebananas,you’vegotalotofcompany.AmericanshavebeenenjoyingbananassincethefirstshipmentarrivedintheUnitedStatesin1876.Today,Americaneatmorebananasthananyotherfruit.Morebananasaresoldthanapplesandgrapestogether.EveryAmericaneatsover26poundsofbananaseachyear!Thefirstparagraphmainlytalksabout .whypeoplelikebananashowbananastastewhatbananasarerichinwherebananasaretakenWhatisthecorrectorderinwhichthesehappen?a.Thebananasbegintoturnyellow b.Abananaplantgrowstofullheight.Theflowersproducebananas. d.Thebananasarereadytobepicked.A.c-b-a-d B.b-c-d-a C.b-c-a-d D.c-b-d-aWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Thebananaplantisakindoftree.Bananaslikegrowinginhotanddryareas.Onebananaplantusuallyproducesfruitonceayear.Thebananaplantusuallyproducesfruitonceayear.WhichisthesecondmostpopularfruitinAmericaaccordingtothebarchart?Apples. B.Grapes. C.Bananas. D.OrangesDThereisapopularChinesesayingthat“Fairskin(皮肤)willmakeupforthreeflaws(缺陷)”.ThismentionsthefactthatinChineseculture,itisbelievedthatpeoplewhohavefairskinaremorebeautiful.Inculture,however,theoppositeistrue—manyWesternersthinktannedskinisprettier.Theexampleshowsthatdifferentcultureshavedifferentideasofwhattheythinkisbeautiful.Theseculturalmeaningsofthebeauty,however,arenolongerimportant.Asmoreandmorepeopletraveloverseas,ideasaboutbeautyarebeingsharedamongcultures.TheInternethasalsomadeiteasierforpeopletosharedifferenttypesofbeautysincepeoplearealwayspostingpicturesonsocialmedia.Theresultisanever-changingideaofwhatisconsideredbeautiful.Theculturalpracticeofearpiercings,forexample,hasbecomeapartofmoderndayculture.InKenya,itisatraditionamongMasaimenandwomentopierceandthenmaketheirearlobes(耳垂)longerusingivoryandwoodorstones.Theythenwearcolorfulthingsontheirearlobes.Thisisacommonpracticesincelongerearlobesareseenasasighofbeauty.Thistraditionhasnowfounditswayintopresent-dayculture.Nowadays,thismightstillseemunusualtosome,butwithmoreandmorewell-knownactorsandfilmstarsshowingofftheirlongerearlobes,itwillfinallybecomemorefashionable.Itisunderstoodthatdifferentculturesaroundtheworldhavedifferentwaysofshowingbeauty.However,sincewenowliveinaworldwidesociety,people’sviewsaboutbeautyarealwayschanging.WiththehelpoftheInternet,peoplearenowabletoeasilyborrowideasfromotherculturestohelpthemstandout.Sowhatnewfashionscanweexpecttoseeinthefuture?Whathasmadeiteasierforpeopletoshareideasaboutbeauty?Thedevelopmentoftechnology.Thepopularityofthelatestfashions.Theunchangedculturaltraditions.Theworld’sgrowingpopulation.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheMasaipeoplefromthepassage?Longerearlobesaretheirnewfashion.Onlywomenmaketheirearlobeslonger.Theythinklongerearlobeslookbeautiful.Theymakeactorsandfilmstarsfamous.Theunderlinedword“them”inthelastparagraphrefersto .A.people B.ideas C.cultures D.fashionsWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?PeopleinAsiancountrieslikefairskinbetter.Beautyisconsideredimportantinmanycultures.Differentcultureshavedifferentideasaboutbeauty.People’sideasaboutbeautyarechangingallthetime.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）下面文章中有五处（第31-35题）需要添加小标题。请从以下选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中选出符合各段意思的小标题。选项中有一项是多余选项。Fivewaystomakeagreatfirstimpression（印象）!Researchershavediscoveredthat,ingeneral,itonlytakessevensecondsforapersontostartmakingjudgmentsaboutyouwhentheyfirstmeetyou.That’swhyyoushouldfollowtheseusefultipsonhowtocreateagoodfirstimpression.31. Beforemeetingsomeone,startthinkingaboutthepurposeofthemeeting.Areyoutryingtoimpressthem?Forexample,ifyouwanttomakenewfriendsatasocialevent,youwillwanttoappearfriendly.Andifyoudecidetorunforclasspresidentatyourschool,youwillneedtoappearconfident（自信）.32. Smilingisthemostimportantthingyoucandowhenmeetingsomeonenew.Itshowsthatyou’refriendlyandmakespeoplearoundyoufeelmorecomfortable.Tohaveawinningsmile,makesureyourteetharecleanbybrushingthemeveryday.33. Beforeyoubeginspeaking,youwillbejudgedonyourbodylanguage.Therefore,it’simportanttoshowtrustinyourselfbystandinguptallandputtingyourshouldersback.Besides,ifyouuncrossyourarms,youwillappearrelaxedandfriendly.34. Howyousmellcaninfluencepeople’sfirstimpressionofyou.Ifyouhaveabadbodysmell,itwillputpeopleoff.Inshort,aimtosmellcleanandavoidputtingonalotofscentedproducts.35. Whatyouwearmatters.Whileyoushouldlookcleanandtidy,alsoimportanttodressproperly,whetheryou’regoingtoabirthdaypartyorasportingevent.shouldthinkaboutwhatyourclothessayaboutyou.SmellSmellgoodDresstoimpressGetreadyforaspeechAsmilegoesalongwayBecarefulaboutyourbodylanguageDecidewhatimage（形象）youwanttopresent第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分25分）第一节：完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。MyfriendsandIjoinedatwo-day生存）trainingcourseinthemountains.Thefirstdaywasreally36－therewassomuchtodo!Arrivingatthecampsite,weweredividedintogroupsandgivenatent,somefood,a37andacompass（指南针Standingnexttoasmallriver,Fanny38campinginthegrassyareanearby.However,ourinstructor,Mr.Lee,pointedoutthatitmightflood（淹没）ifitrained.Intheend,wefounda39area.Puttingupthetentwasveryhard.40Mr.Leehelpedusalot.Bythetimewehadputupthetent,41wasreallyhungrywouldn’thavegotthishungryifwehadbroughtsomesnacks.”Petersaid.alltoldhimto42complaining（抱怨）andhelpusstartafiretocookourfood43.Realizingwewerehavingtroublemakingthefire,hefinally44.Thenextdaystartedearly.byastrangenoise.Peterwenttoseewhatwas45.“Somecowshaveeatenourbreakfast!”heshouted.“That’sallbecauseyoudidn’t46thefoodproperlylastnight.”saidMr.Lee.thatwasangrywithus,wetriedveryhardonournext 47 －usingthemapandcompasstofindasecretlocation.madeittothelocation 48 theotherdid.allfeltveryproudof49 .Thesurvivaltrainingcoursewasagreat 50 .NowIfeelIcouldsurviveanywhere!36．A．disappointingB．difficultC．differentD．boring37．A．mapB．bookC．lightD．knife38．A．suggestedB．finishedC．imaginedD．enjoyed39．A．nearerB．lowerC．biggerD．higher40．A．SurprisinglyB．SuddenlyC．LuckilyD．Usually41．A．everyoneB．anyoneC．someoneD．noone42．A．startB．mindC．stopD．continue43．A．yetB．tooC．againD．instead44．A．helpedoutB．gaveoutC．workedoutD．startedout45．A．developingB．happeningC．beginningD．following46．A. throwoffB．putawayC．eatupD．sellout47．A．planB．lessonC．taskD．problem48．A．tillB．afterC．whenD．before49．A．himB．themC．youD．ourselves50．A．exampleB．experienceC．activityD．competition400-810-2656第二节：（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。Nexttimeyouholdabookinyourhands,stopandthink.Likemostotherthingsinthemodernworld,itistheresultofthousandsofyearsofhumaninvention.First,cametheinventionofwriting, 51 (probable)about5500yearago.Withwriting,peopledidnothavetoremembereverythingintheirheads.Theycouldcommunicatewithpeoplethattheynever 52 (see)andsharetheirknowledgewithfuturegenerations.Later,theGreekswerewell-donefortheirliterature(文学)andscience,buttheir“books”lookedverydifferent 53 thebooksoftoday.Theywerecalledscrolls(卷轴).Theyweredifferenttouseandtookalotofspaceinalibrary.About2,000yearsago,bookswithlotsofpages 54 (invent).Formorethanathousandyears,thepagesofbooksweremadefromanimalskin.Thatchangedin 55 thirteenthcentury,whenEuropeanslearnedaboutavery 56 Chineseinvention:paper.ButthebiggestchangeforbooksinEuropecamein1439,whenJohannesGutenberginventedtheprintingpress.Beforethat,booksinEuropewerecopiedbyhand,sotheywereveryexpensive.Manymorepeoplecouldaffordthebooks 57 wereproducedonaprintingpress.Thesedaysitisdifficult 58 (imagine)aworldwithoutbooks.Buthumaninventiondoesnotstop.Everyyear,more 59 (story)areboughtase-booksandreadonascreen.Willanyoneturnthepagesofatraditionalbookinthefuture, 60 willbooks,scrollssoondisappear?第四部分 写作（共两节，满分25分）第一节：单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）（每空仅限一词）。Myfriendcameoverlastnighttowatchthev offootballmatchthatI’d recorded.Afteralongday,Toml downonthebadandwenttosleep.Thetrainwasveryc withpassengers,sowehadtostand.64.Doyouthinkmoremoneyshouldbegiventoeducation?C ,Icouldn’tagreemore.Sorry,I’vef yourphonenumber.Couldyoupleasetellmeagain?Bep .Ittakestime.Youcanbecomebetterbyreadingsomethingyouenjoyeveryday.Asquarehasforsidesandfourc .Decemberisthet andlastmonthoftheyear.TheChinesewomen’svolleyballteamwonagoldm inthe2016RioGames.Youwillr awarmwelcomewhenyoucometoourvillage.第二节:书面表达(共1小题.满分15分)假定你是李平(TEL:1361234567).家住滨海市人民路1号.你在美国旅行期间,不慎遗失钱包,曾向宾馆询.以下是宾馆的答复邮件,请你阅读后进行回复,词数80左右.From:Mr.Smith,hotelmanagerHlLiPing,Thankyouforyouremailaboutyourlostwallet.Pleasesenmesomemoreinformation.Whendidyoustayinourhotelandwhatroomwereyouin?Pleasedescribeyourwallet.Whatwasinit?Sendmeyouraddressandphonenumber.Allthebest,Mr.SmithTo:Mr.SmithSubject:LostwalletDearMr.Smith,Yours,LiPing第一部分听力理解（共两节，满分30分第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）5A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。CCCAB第二节（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分）3A、B、C三个选55秒的作答时间，每段对话仅读一遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8三个小题。BAB听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11三个小题。BAA听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15题四个小题。BBAC（40分）第一节（15230分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A,B,C和D）中选出最佳选项A【答案解析】16-18DDB解析：本文是记叙文题材，主要内容是：男孩Ryan在学习到非洲人民处于非常缺少净水的状态时，为了帮助他们而筹钱造井。D。5callshimself“anormalboy”说明Ryan觉得自己是一个普通的男孩，有自己的爱好和理想。Ryan为了帮助非洲人民而筹钱造井的事。B【答案解析】19-22CBCDChowansoeatfoodhatshrownawayaswase?ha’exactlywhatworldleadersdidatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationin2015.结合第二段首句可知各国领导人吃了被当做垃圾扔掉的水果和蔬菜做成的食物。题：C。考查段落结构题，难度适中，通过文章：firstly,secondly,finally可以发现，作者通过提问和举例说明的方式来构造这个段落。题：D。考查细节理解题，难度较小。根据第五段第二句。C【答案解析】23-26ABCA解析：本文是一篇说明文。主要从香蕉的优点，生长，生产、出售等方面进行了详细的介绍。A。考查主旨大意题，难度适中。此类题目并不能够在原文中找到相同句子或者答案，perfectprovidenotonly...butalsoA。Ba-d在文中相应的细节信息，并bc出现在第aB正确选项。C。考查细节理解题，难度稍大。需要整合文章的细节信息，由于四个选项的出处有可A选项从bananaplan，however，isconsideredaherbB选项对应第二段的第一句：bananasgrowbestinwarmplacesthatgetlotsofrainD选项与第三段第一句twoorthreetimeseachyearCcanweighmorethan100pounds相符合，故为正确选项A。考查细节题，表格细节，难度较小。此类题目需要结合表格，寻找题干关键词，与thesecondmostapples，A。D【答案解析】27-30ACAD本文是一篇说明文。主要说明历史以来，不同文化对美的解读，以及对美的观点的变化。AwiththehelpoftheInternet,peoplearenoweasilyborrowideasfromotherculturestohelpthemstandoutA正好与文中意思契合，所A。CC正C。A。词义推理题，难度中等。此类题需要找到单词在文中的位置，联系上下文进行词义them:在网络的帮助下，人们容易借助其他文化来帮助她们自己在人群中凸显。所以，这里的them指的是people。选项A正好与文中意思契合，所以选择A。DD正好与文中意思契合，所以D。第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）（31-35题中选出符合各段意思的首句，选项中有一项是多余选项。【答案解析】FDEAB5Fpurposeofthemeeting”，“appearfriendly”，“appearconfidentF。答案D。考察该段主旨大意，该段关键“smiling”主要是说微笑的重要性，故答案选D。EbodyE。AsmellA。B。考察该段主旨大意，该段关键“dressB。第三部分英语知识运用（25分）第二节：完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。【答案解析】Keys:36-40BAADC 41-45ACDAB 46-50BCDDB文章解读：本文讲述了我和我的朋友们参加生存训练课的经历。BPuttingupthetentwasveryhard.”以及“weweretroublemakingthefire…”，所以第一天是充满困难的。AmapAFannysuggest建议；finish完成；imagine想象；enjoyAD指出，如果下雨，我们建在草地边的帐篷会被淹掉。水往低处走，所以我们应建在更高的地方。CMr.LeesurprisinglyAPeter说“如果我们带了零食，就不会在这挨饿了。”以及后面生火做饭，说明每个人都很饿。C介意；stop，停止；continueCDPeter不要抱怨，而是来帮我们一起生火。yet，然而；too，也；again，再一次；instead，作为替代，而是；A考查动词。根据上文可判断，意识到我们生火有麻烦时，他最终来帮忙了。helpout，协助；giveoutworkoutstartoutBPeter跑出去看发生了什么。develop，发展；happen，发生；begin，开始；follow，跟随；BPeter说是因为昨晚没有把食物正确储存起来。throwoff，摆脱；putaway，存储；eatup，吃完；sellout，卖完；Cplan，计划；lesson，课程；task，任务；problem，问题；Dtill，直到……才；after，在……之后；when，当……时；before，在……之前Dwe。beproudofoneself，为某人感到自豪。所以DBexample，例子；experience，经历；activity，活动；competition，竞赛。第三节：（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。【答案解析】51-55probably,saw,from/to/than,wereinvented,useful,that/which,toimagine,stories,orprobably5500probably。句意：5500年以前。sawsawcouldsawfrom/to/than考查介词。bedifferentfrom/to/than表示“与……不同”。句意：后来，希腊人因他们的文学和科学而著名，但是他们的“书籍”看起来和现在的书籍非常不同。wereinvented考查被动语态。书和发明之间是被动关系，books是复数，故填wereinvented。句意：大约2000年以前，有很多书页的书被发明了。the考查冠词。inthexxthcenturythe。句意：13世纪发生改变。useful考查形容词。inventionuseful。句意：当欧洲人了解到中国一个非常有用的发明：纸的时候。that/whichthatwhich。句意：更多的人能够负担得起通过印刷机生产的书。toi