2019外研社版高中英语必修一Unit 4 Friends forever 知识清单(教师版)

阅读单词认读digitaladj.数字的,数码的siten.网站bathwatern.浴水,洗澡水goodsn.商品diagramn.图解,示意图potn.锅gramn.克packn.小盒,小包slicen.片,薄片scarn.伤疤destinyn.命运,天命correspondv.通信excerptn.摘录,节录cigarn.雪茄烟重点单词识记foreveradv.永远familiaradj.熟悉的maintainv.保持,维持clickv.点击(鼠标)updaten.最新消息sayingn.格言,谚语,警句acquirev.获得,得到teenagern.青少年,十几岁的孩子(13到19岁之间的孩子)pourv.灌,注,倒qualityn.素质,品德postponev.使(事件、行动等)延期,推迟ordinaryadj.普通的,平常的dragv.拖,拉partnern.伙伴,搭档strikev.划(火柴)plainadj.简单的,朴素的scenen.场景personalityn.个性,性格atmospheren.气氛,氛围,环境核心词汇拓展adventuren.历险(经历),奇遇→adventurousadj.爱冒险的;大胆的;充满危险的preferv.更喜欢→preferencen.偏爱;优先权deliverv.递送,传送→deliveryn.传递,递送advancen.进步;进展vi.前进;取得进展→advancedadj.先进的;高级的significantlyadv.重大地;显著地→significantadj.重大的;显著的→significancen.意义;重要性enablev.使可能,使发生→ableadj.能干的;有能力的→abilityn.能力→unableadj.不能的;没有能力的unusualadj.异常的,不平常的→usualadj.寻常的tendv.易于做某事,往往会发生某事→tendencyn.趋势;趋向criminaln.罪犯adj.犯罪的→crimen.犯罪;罪行provev.证明,证实→proofn.证明;证据illustratev.(举例)说明,阐明→illustrationn.说明;例证;图解inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的;使人振奋的→inspirevt.鼓舞;激励;启发思考→inspiredadj.受启发的;受鼓舞的→inspirationn.灵感;启发comfortn.安慰,慰藉vt.安慰;抚慰→comfortableadj.舒适的,舒服的→uncomfortableadj.不舒服的patiencen.耐心→patientadj.耐心的n.病人→patientlyadv.耐心地→impatientlyadv.没有耐心地passionn.强烈的情感,激情→passionateadj.热诚的;狂热的humourn.幽默感→humorousadj.幽默的anxiousadj.焦虑的,不安的→anxiouslyadv.焦虑地,不安地→anxietyn.焦虑,不安distancev.使与……保持距离,撇清和……的关系n.距离→distantadj.遥远的;疏远的;心不在焉的fortunen.大笔的钱;运气;幸运→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地→unfortunateadj.不幸的→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地appointedadj.约定的,指定的→appointv.约定;任命→appointmentn.约会;任命bitterlyadv.痛苦地,愤恨地→bitteradj.苦的;愤愤不平的→bitternessn.苦难;苦味ashamedadj.感到不好意思的,难为情的→shamen.羞耻,羞愧,憾事→shamefuladj.可耻的,不体面的→shamelessadj.不知羞耻的unfoldv.(卷着的东西)展开,打开→foldv.折叠;合拢locationn.地点,位置→locatev.位于;确定……的位置→locatedadj.位于;坐落在surroundingsn.周围的事物,环境→surroundvt.包围;围绕→surroundingadj.周围的;附近的核心短语速记losetrackof不了解……的情况,不了解……的动态thanksto幸亏;多亏了;归功于socialmedia社交媒体throwthebabyoutwiththebathwater不分良莠一起抛弃makeone’sfortune发财oughtto应该,应当turnup出现,露面stayintouchwith与……保持联系beupto胜任;取决于;忙于keep...inmind将……记住workout解决;消耗完;锻炼allergicadj.过敏的alphabetn.字母表alternativeadj.可选择的n.可供选择的事物altituden.高地;高度altogetheradv.总共amateuradj.业余的;外行的n.业余选手amazingadj.令人惊讶的ambitionn.野心;壮志ambulancen.救护车amusementn.娱乐analyzevt.分析analysisn.分析(pl.analyses)Whatiftheonlywayofgettingnewsfromfarawayfriendswaswritinglettersthattookagestobedelivered?(Whatif...“要是……会怎么样/怎么办？”)要是获知远方朋友消息的唯一方式是写信,而信件会花很长时间邮寄,那会怎么样呢？Whateverourhobbies,theInternetcanconnectuswithotherswhoalsoenjoydoingthem,eveniftheyliveontheothersideoftheworld.(whatever引导让步状语从句)不管我们的爱好是什么,我们都能在网上结识同好,哪怕他们生活在世界的另一端。Butweneedtokeepinmindthatwhatweseeonsocialmediaisoftennotthewholetruthaboutaperson.(what引导主语从句)但是我们要牢记：我们在社交媒体上看到的信息往往不是一个人的全部真实情况。Thismakesitcleartotheotherpersonthatyouaregivingthemachoice.(make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句)这让对方明白你是在给他们一个选择。Wefiguredthatintwentyyearseachofusoughttohaveourdestinyworkedoutandourfortunesmade,whatevertheyweregoingtobe.(have＋宾语＋宾补)我们认为,不管要做什么,二十年的时间里,我们每个人都应该已经有了自己的命运和财富。Icameathousandmilestostandinthisdoortonight,andit’sworthitifmyoldpartnerturnsup.(beworth)今晚,我从千里之外赶来站在这扇门前,只要我的老朋友出现,这一切就都是值得的。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文,然后核对答案并背诵该短文。advance,pour,thanksto,comfort,inspiring,anxiousFriendshipisaveryimportantpartofhumanlife.Friendshipcontainsencouragementand1.comfort,friendshipreflectsgenerosityandpassion,andfriendshiphelpstorelieve2.anxietyandbitterness.Inourlife,3.thankstoourfriends,wecanmake4.advancesandeventuallyacquiregreatsuccess.Wheneverweareintrouble,itisfriendsthatwecanturntoforhelp.Andwhateverhappens,itisthe5.inspiringwordsfromfriendsthatencourageustoadvancetowardsourgoal.Friendshipislikeabowlofdelicioussoupthatwealllike.Buttoimprovethequalityoffriendship,wealsohaveto6.pourinafewgramsof“smiles”,addapackof“similarinterests”,andfinallyputinasliceof“humour”.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇familiaradj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的(unfamiliaradj.不熟悉的)(sb)be/getfamiliarwith(sth)熟悉……;与……熟悉起来(sth)befamiliarto(sb)为……所熟悉Noneofushaseverbeenthere,sothelocalcustomsarenotsofamiliartomeandmypartners.让我感到高兴的是“中国—爱尔兰文化节”帮助我熟悉了你们的国家。(2022·浙江1月,应用文写作)IwashappythatChina-IrelandCulturalFestivalhelpedmebecomefamiliarwithyourcountry.preferv.(preferred;preferred;preferring)更喜欢;选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)(preferencen.偏爱;优先权;偏爱的事物)prefertodo/doing...更喜欢做……prefersbtodo...更喜欢让某人做……prefer(doing)Ato(doing)B与(做)B相比更喜欢(做)A“宁愿做A而不愿做B”的常用表达有：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(prefertodoArather,thandoB,wouldratherdoA,thandoB,woulddoArather,thandoB))have/show(a)preferencefor...偏爱……Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostay(stay)longerandspend.Ateachershouldnotshowpreferenceforanyoneofhispupilsbutmaintainfairness.中学生们宁愿待在家里看电视而不愿参加户外活动。(应用文写作之议论文)MiddleschoolstudentsprefertostayathomewatchingTVratherthantakepartinoutdooractivities.(prefertodo...ratherthando...)MiddleschoolstudentspreferstayingathomewatchingTVtotakingpartinoutdooractivities.(prefer...to...)MiddleschoolstudentswouldstayathomewatchingTVratherthantakepartinoutdooractivities.(woulddo...ratherthando...)MiddleschoolstudentswouldratherstayathomewatchingTVthantakepartinoutdooractivities.(wouldratherdo...thando...)advancev.促进;前进;提前n.前进;进步(advancedadj.先进的;高级的;高深的)advanceon/towardssb/sth向某人/物前进inadvance(＝aheadoftime)预先;事先inadvanceof(时间上)提前于……任何想要参加高级文学课程的人必须提前报名。Anyonewhowantstotaketheadvancedliteraturecoursemustsignupforitinadvance/aheadoftime.在我的鼓励下,大卫站了起来,向起跑线走去。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ,读后续写)Withmyencouragement,Davidstoodupandadvancedon/towardsthestartingline.为了取得好成绩,你最好提前准备。(应用文写作之邀请信)Togetagoodresult,youhadbetterprepareforitinadvance.anxiousadj.忧虑的;不安的;渴望的(anxietyn.担心;焦虑;渴望anxiouslyadv.焦虑地)beanxiousabout担心……beanxiousfor担心……;渴望得到……beanxioustodo/that...渴望做……,非常希望做……withanxiety(＝anxiouslyadv.)焦急地Thecouplearewaitingfortheirdaughter’sreplywithanxiety(anxious).—Jackstillcan’thelpbeinganxiousabouthisjobinterview.—Lackofself-confidenceishisAchilles’heel,Iamafraid.我们真的很关心,也很想知道你的最新情况。(2020·浙江,应用文写作)Wearereallyconcernedandanxioustolearnaboutyourupdates.fortunen.机会;运气;大笔的钱;财富;命运(fortunateadj.幸运的;侥幸的fortunatelyadv.幸运地unfortunatelyadv.不幸地)seek/tryone’sfortune找出路;碰运气makeafortune发财;赚钱havethegoodfortunetodosth有幸做某事befortunatetodosth/indoingsth有幸做某事HewenttoAmericatoseekhisfortuneandimaginedhewouldbeveryfortunate,butunfortunately,hecouldn’tevenmakeendsmeet.(fortune)我有幸得到一次沿丝绸之路旅行的宝贵机会。Iamfortunatetoget/ingettingapreciousopportunitytotravelalongtheSilkRoad.(fortunate)IhavethegoodfortunetogetapreciousopportunitytotravelalongtheSilkRoad.(fortune)strikevi.&vt.(struck;struck/stricken)击打;罢工;(时钟等)敲响;擦(火柴);撞击;侵袭;打动;突然想起n.罢工;袭击(strikingadj.显著的;突出的;引人注目的)bestruckwith/by被……所袭击(打动)sthstrike(s)sb某人想到……Itstrikessbthat...某人突然想起……(＝Itoccursto/hitssbthat...)onstrike在罢工Therewasatimewhenmanyworkerswereonstrikeforhigherwages,buttheyoftenendedupfailing.被他为我所做的事情所感动,我不能自已,感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(读后续写之心理描写)BecauseIwasstruckbywhathehaddoneforme,Icouldn’tcontainmyself,tearsofgratitudeflowingdownmycheeks.Struckbywhathehaddoneforme,Icouldn’tcontainmyself,tearsofgratitudeflowingdownmycheeks.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)John突然想起,他们可以利用社交媒体帮助Bernard出售爆米花。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ,读后续写)Itstruck/occurredto/hitJohnthattheycouldusesocialmediatohelpBernardsellhispopcorn.ashamedadj.感到惭愧或羞耻的,难为情的(shamen.羞耻;羞愧;憾事shamefuladj.可耻的;丢脸的;不体面的shamelessadj.无耻的;没廉耻的)be/feelashamedof...为……感到羞愧beashamedtodo...耻于做……;因做……而羞愧It’sashamethat...……是令人遗憾的事。Onlythosewhohavenosenseofshamecandosuchshameful/shamelessthings.(shame)Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.(2020·全国Ⅰ)ItisashamethatIcouldn’tarriveattheappointedtime.我是如此羞愧,以致我感觉心如刀绞,泪水模糊了我的双眼。(读后续写之羞愧描写)IwassoashamedthatIfeltasifaknifewerebeingtwistedinmyheart,tearscloudingmyeyes.(运用so...that句型)SoashamedwasIthatIfeltasifaknifewerebeingtwistedinmyheart,tearscloudingmyeyes.(运用so...that句型的倒装形式)turnup出现,露面;卷起,竖起;开大(音量)turndown拒绝;调小turnout结果是;生产;制造turnto求助;翻到;查阅turnin上交用turn短语的正确形式填空：ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhenIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.Mypatientdidn’tturnupattheappointedtime;thatis,shebrokeanappointment.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,don’thesitatetoturntomeforadvice.我很抱歉拒绝本周末和你一起外出的邀请,因为我刚被告知我有一个很重要的会议要参加。(2021·北京,书面表达)I’msorrytoturndowntheinvitationtogooutwithyouthisweekend,becauseIhavejustbeeninformedthatI’llhaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.Whatif...Whatiftheonlywayofgettingnewsfromfarawayfriendswaswritinglettersthattookagestobedelivered?要是获知远方朋友消息的唯一方式是写信,而信件会花很长时间邮寄,那会怎么样呢？Whatif...?意为“要是……会怎么样,如果……将会怎样”,可以看作“Whatwillhappenif...?”的省略形式。What/Howabout...?……怎么样？What(...)for?为什么？/(……)是干什么用的？Sowhat?那又怎么样？Jeff小声说道：“为妈妈准备一顿美味的早餐怎么样？要是我们失败了怎么办呀？”Jenna双眼兴奋地闪闪发光,回答说：“那又怎么样？至少我们竭尽全力为母亲做点事情了。”(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ,读后续写)Jeffwhispered,“What/Howaboutpreparingatastybreakfastforourmother？Whatifwefail？”Jennarespondedwithhereyesglitteringwithexcitement,“Sowhat？Atleastwehavesparednoefforttodosomethingforourmother.”make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that从句Thismakesitcleartotheotherpersonthatyouaregivingthemachoice.这让对方明白你是在给他们一个选择。此句型中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的从句,类似句型还有：make＋it＋形容词/名词＋不定式make＋it＋useless/nouse/nogood...＋doingsth常用于这种句型的动词有：consider,think,feel,find等。Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthenewsurroundingsthere.要想提高你的写作水平,你最好把每天写日记当成习惯。(应用文写作之建议信)Toimproveyourwriting,you’dbettermakeitaruletokeepadiaryeveryday.我认为读一些经典小说来扩大我们的知识面对我们学生来说是有用的。Ithinkitusefulforusstudentstoreadsomeclassicnovelstowidenourknowledge.(thinkit＋adj.＋todo)Ithinkitusefulthatwestudentsshouldreadsomeclassicnovelstowidenourknowledge.(thinkit＋adj.＋that...)我认为抱怨没用,相反,我应该立即行动起来。Ifeelitnousecomplaining;instead,Ishouldtakeactionimmediately.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)Asaspecialeducationteacherattheschool,IwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.作为学校的一名特殊教育教师,我熟知大卫所面临的挑战,并为他坚定的决心而感到自豪。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyourachinglegs.虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)It’saffordable,andit’sgotafunatmospherewithoutbeingtoonoisy.这里物美价廉、有趣安静。(2021·天津第一次笔试)FamilyAllianceislookingforpeoplewhocandeliverhotChinesemealsonetotwotimesaweekforpeoplewithdisabilitiesinnorthsuburbanFairfieldCounty.FamilyAlliance正在寻找每周能在北部郊区的费尔菲尔德县为残障人士运送一到两次热的中餐的人。(2020·全国Ⅰ)WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.虽然我通常买很多书,但这三本书都是作为礼物送给我的,这可能会增加我赋予它们的意义。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍deliverA.递送B.生(小孩儿)C.发表(演说等)Theprincesshasbeendeliveredofahealthybabyboy.BAsastudentrepresentative,Iamgreatlyhonoredtodeliveraspeechhere.CHisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegardenanddeliveringnewspapers.AstrikeA.v.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击B.v.击；打C.v.报时D.v.打动E.v.突然想到F.n.罢工Theworkerswentonstrikeforapayrise.FIheardtheclockstrikingeightwhenIwokeupthismorning.CIwasstruckbyhisinspiringwords,andIdecidedtocooperatewithhim.DItstruckmethatIwouldhaveanimportantmeetinginShanghaithenextday.EWhenadisasterstrikes,youmightfindyourselfwithoutwater,gasandelectricity.AItgavemeashockthatanapplefelloffthetreeandstruckmeonthehead.BturnupA.开大(音量)B.出现，到场，露面C.竖起Don’tworry.I’msureyourmissingmedalwillturnupsoonerorlater.BIcan’thearthemusic.Pleaseturnuptheradio.AHeturneduphiscoatcollaragainstthechillwind.C快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。Theresponsibledoctortendseverypatientinhischarge.料理;照顾Thefanspouredoutofthestadiumcheeringwildly,whichwasasplendidscene.不断涌向Theburningoffossilfuelsresultsinthepollutionoftheatmosphere.大气(层)Itwasplaintoeveryonethatshewasunusuallyanxious.明显的核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识Hismotherisalwaysanxiousabouthisstudy,buthespendsallhistimeplayingcomputergames,ignoringhismother’sanxiety.(anxious)Mymoneyisrunningout,soIhavenochoicebuttopostponebuying(buy)theadvancedfacilities.WhatmakesmymotheranxiousisthatIhavefastfooddelivered(deliver)tomyofficeregularly.Readerstendedtoshare(share)articlesthatwereinspiringorfunny.Theman,anathlete,prefersreading(read)bookswrittenbyMoYantowatchingTVseriesbasedonhisnovels.Finally,wereachedanagreementtomakeatimetableofourroutinesinadvance,andfinishourlessonsandhomeworkontimeeveryday.(2020·北京,书面表达)Itstruck(strike)methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreatlearningmomentforallthegirlsontheteam.IusetheSpringFestivalasanexamplebecauseitisfamiliartomostreaders.Iamashamedtoadmit(admit)thatIhaveneverreadtheseriesofHarryPotter.Whenthecriminalturnedupatthecourt,theoldladywassomehowalittlebitnervous.单句写作——应用文增分练(2020·全国Ⅰ)——我最尊敬的人不管我遇到什么问题,我的父亲总是耐心倾听,鼓励我勇敢面对那些问题。(whatever引导让步状语从句)WhateverproblemsIcomeacross,myfatheralwayslistenstomepatientlyandencouragesmetofacethembravely.我从他身上学到的一点就是我们应该全心投入到正在做的事情上。(what引导主语从句)WhatIlearnfromhimisthatweshouldputourwholeheartintowhatwe’redoing.一旦他埋头于自己的研究,你就无法把他从实验室拖出来。(drag)Onceheisburiedinhisresearch,youcan’tdraghimoutofhislab.尽管有许多工作要做,他还是努力使我的家人受到很好的照顾,给我提供舒适的环境。(havesthdone)Despiteloadsofworktodo,hestilltrieshisbesttohavemyfamilywelltakencareofandoffermeacomfortableatmosphere.我确实认为我的父亲,一个幽默和热情的人,就是最值得我尊敬和欣赏的人。(beworth,passion)Idothinkmyfather,amanofhumorandpassion,isthepersonworthmyrespectandappreciationmost.微型写作——续写提能练[教材续写语料]情感描写inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的,启发灵感的pourv.灌,注,倒,涌流anxiousadj.焦虑的,不安的bitterlyadv.痛苦地,愤恨地strikev.打动ashamedadj.感到不好意思的,难为情的动作描写comfortvt.安慰,抚慰→comfortingadj.令人安慰的distancev.使与……保持距离,撇清和……的关系人物描写patiencen.耐心passionn.强烈的情感,激情generosityn.慷慨,大方humourn.幽默感qualityn.素质,品德ordinaryadj.普通的,平常的scarn.伤疤plainadj.简单的,朴素的personalityn.个性,性格tendv.易于做某事,往往会发生某事[续写语料运用]请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇,完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。(读后续写——鼓起勇气发表演讲)他非常紧张,两腿发抖,汗水嗒嗒地从脸上流下。他甚至一个字也说不出,这让他很羞愧。他正要放弃,这时他看到了Jasen先生令人安慰的目光。他想起了他鼓舞人心的话语。终于,他鼓起勇气开始了他不寻常的演讲。观众被他的勇气打动了,在演讲结束的时候起身为他鼓掌。Hewasverynervouswithhislegstremblingandsweatspouringdownhischeeks.Hecouldn’tevenutterasingleword,whichmadehimashamed.HewasabouttogiveupwhenhesawMrJasen’scomfortingglances.Hisinspiringwordscamebacktohismind.Finally,hegatheredcouragetobeginhisunusualspeech.Theaudiencewerestruckbyhiscourageandtheyrosetoapplaudforhimwhenthespeechended.词形变化填空(每小题2分,共20分)He’sagooddoctor.Healwayshaspatiencewithhispatientsandtalkswiththempatiently.(patient)Whentalkingaboutmyson’sreadingpreference,Ithinkhepreferssciencebooks.(prefer)LiHuahasbeenappointedaschairmanoftheStudents’AssociationandIwillwritealettertocongratulatehimonhisappointment.(appointment)Ifeelashamedofmyshamefulaction,whichisashametome.(shame)Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,we’vemadegreatadvancesinourprojectandwecancompletethetaskinadvance.(advance)Thismeetingissosignificantthatitssignificancewillbecomeevident.(significant)Shewasveryf