2023年自考类英语自考英语阅读(二)历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年自考类英语自考英语阅读(二)历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.Therearealargenumberofdietingprogramstobefoundonline,eachpromisingyousignificantweightloss.Expertswarnpeopleagainstgoingforanyandeverydietprogram.Ifyourdietistoostrictyoumightharmyourhealth.Yourmotiveshouldbetoloseweightinahealthyway.

Strictdietingisanu______wayoflosingweight.2.Monkeysarejustoneofmanykindsofanimalsthathelpimprove-orevensave—humanlives.Butnotallanimalsaresuitedtodoeveryjob.Certainanimalsare"hired"forspecificjobsbasedontheirtraits,orcharacteristics.Byusingdifferentmethodsofconditioning,humanscanteachanimalstoperformextraordinarytask.

T______differentanimalsindifferentways.3.Livinginthecity,peoplecanparticipateinthepoliticalandculturalactivitiesandseethelatestfilms.Therearegoodschoolsforchildrentostudyinthecity.Andtherearebigdepartmentstoresforresidentstobuyagreatvarietyofgoodsproducedineverypartoftheworld.

It'sgoodtoL______inthecity.4.Doyoucheckyourworkemailswhenyou'reonholiday?Doyoucallyourcolleaguestoaskwhat'shappeningintheofficeevenonadayoff?Whenyouseenosignalonyourmobilephoneinabusyshoppingcentreornowifiinthehotelbythebeach,willyougetanxious?

Typicalsignsofaw______.5.Whatmakesonepersonmoreintelligentthananother?Whatmakesonepersonagenius,likethebrilliantAlbertEinstein,andarcherpersonafool?Arepeoplebornintelligentorstupid,orisintelligencetheresultofwhereandhowyoulive?Theseareveryoldquestionsandtheanswerstothemarestillnotdear.

D______aboutproblemsintermsofpeople'smind.6.Someofthedestructionisdirectlycausedbythequakeitself.Otherdamageresultsfromlandslides,largeoceanwavesormajorfiresthatareinitiatedbythequake.

Earthquakeisr______forvastamountofdestruction.7.InthecityofCorinththereoncelivedawonderfulsingerwhosenamewasArlion.Nootherpersoncouldplayonthelyreorsingsosweetlyashe,andthesongswhichhecomposedwerefamousinmanylands.

Thebriefintroductionofam______.8.Theproblemofkidswithgunscannotbeoverstatedinviewofrecenttrendsingun-relatedkillingsamongyouth.9.Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasesforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.

Thef______ofmemory.10.Youwillunderstandthisbetter,perhaps,ifIgiveyousomefamiliarexamples.Youhaveallhearditrepeatedthatmenofscienceworkbymeansofinductionanddeduction,thatbythehelpoftheseoperations,they,inasortofsense,managetoextractfromNaturecertainnaturallaws,andthatoutofthese,bysomespecialskilloftheirown,theybuilduptheirtheories.Anditisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocesses,andthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.

S______workbymeansofinductionanddeduction.11.Today,avarietyofsafetytestsisconductedonawiderangeofchemicalsandproducts,includingdrugs,vaccines,cosmetics,householdcleaners,pesticides,industrialchemicals,foodstuffs,andpackingmaterials.Themostthoroughtestingisreservedfordrugsandproductsthatwillbeusedinoronfoodstuffs.

Thet______ofsafetytesting.12.Afactoryisoftenthepropertyofasocietyoragovernment,ratherthanthepropertyofoneperson.13.Skilledcomputercriminalscanbreakintoacomputersystemfarmoreeasilythananarmedrobbercangainaccesstoabankvault,andusuallywithfarlessriskofapprehensionandpunishment.14.Willpowerisnotsomeunchangeablecharacteristicswearebornwith.Itisskillthatcanbedeveloped,strengthenedandtargetedtohelpusachieveourgoals.Foreveryobstaclewewanttoovercome,weneedwillpower,whichisaninnerstrengththatwillpushustoconfrontchallengeandkeepusgoing.

Willpowercanben______.15.AyoungladywhowasfondofShakespearevisitedStratford-on-Avonandlikedeverythingshesawthere.Whenshereachedtherailwaystation,shelookedroundandcried,"Ho,IthinkIlikethismostofall!HerethegreatmastermusthavecometotakethetraintoLondon,justasIamdoing."

Thepassageisnothingbutaj______.16.Wedonotrealizehowmuchwedependontheearth'sgravityuntilwearedeprivedofit.17.Hehadagreatdealofintelligence;andifIhadhadleisureIthinkImighthavetrainedhimtosomekindofgoodbehavior,thoughIdespairedofhisthievingdisposition.18.Hereisonewayitisdone.Therobotisgivencertaininformationaboutthesizeandshapeofabaseball.Thenitanalyzespicturestakenbyits"eye",whichisreallyacamera.Therobottransformsthethousandsofdotsthatcomposethepictureintozeroesandones,dependingonhowdarkeachdotis.

Robot'ss______forplayingbaseball.19.Thepopularityofrivalriesfueledtheattractionofthegame(baseball)andcausedittobecomethenationalpastime.Thesporttransformedfrombeingagameofamateursintoasportplayedbyprofessionals.Withthattransformation,theinnocenceofbaseballhadbeenlost.

Baseballt______toaprofessionalsport.20.FromchildhoodBillGateswasintelligentandcompetitive.Inschool,hehadexcellentrecordsinmathematicsandscience.ItwasaveryimportantdecisioninBill'slifethathisparentssenthimtoaprivateschool,anditwastherethathewasintroducedtoacomputer.BillGatesandhisfriendsformedthe"ProgrammersGroup"inlate1968.Inthenextyear,theygottheirfirstopportunityinInformationSciences.

Theg______ofBillGates.21.Probablythemostprimitivereasonforteenagerebelliousnessisphysicalinnature.Ataboutthebeginningofadolescence,childrenareundergoingprofoundhormonalchangesastheirbodiesgothroughpuberty.Theirbodiesaretellingthemthattheyarenolongerchildren,andyettheirparentsarestilltreatingthemaschildren.

Reasonswhyteenagersr______theirparents.22.Willpowerisnotsomeunchangeablecharacteristicswearebornwith.Itisskillthatcanbedeveloped,strengthenedandtargetedtohelpusachieveourgoals.Foreveryobstaclewewanttoovercome,weneedwillpower,whichisaninnerstrengththatwillpushustoconfrontchallengeandkeepusgoing.

Willpowercanben______.23.Orbitingonlyaboutthreemillionmilesoutfromitsstar,theJupiter-sizegasgiantplanet,dubbedTrEs-2b,isheatedto980degreesCelsius.Yettheapparentlyinkyworldappearstoreflectalmostnoneofthestarlightthatshinesonit.

Ad______planetthatreflectsalmostnolight.24.ThesinglelargestcauseofsickleaveintheUKisnotthecommoncoldorflu,butbackpain.BackpainaffectsoneinthreeBritishadults,andisnotoriouslydifficulttotreat.Traditionally,doctorsintheUKhaveadvisedbackpainsuffererstodostretchingexercisesandtakepainkillerswhennecessary.Butnowanewsolution:acupuncturehasbeenofficiallyendorsedbytheNHS.

B______anditstreatments.25.Whenpricesclimbfasterthanpeople'sincomes,familiessoonerorlaterareforcedtocutbackonbuyinginordertomakeeachendmeet.26.Asleadersandprofessionals,wearecalledupontobeatourbestallofthetime.Notonlydoweneedtomaintainandimprovepersonalperformance,butweasprojectmanagersandprogrammanagersarefrequentlyresponsiblefortheperformanceofothers.Onechallengeishowwemanagemanyofourpositiveandnegativefeelingsthatinevitablycomeourwayinthecourseofourprofessionalendeavors.

Leadersandprofessionalsshouldknowhowtoc______theirpersonalfeelings.27.Mostmammalscansprintfasterthanhumans—havingfourlegsgivesthemtheadvantage.Butwhenitcomestolongdistances,humanscanoutrunalmostanyanimal.Becausewecoolbysweatingratherthanpanting,wecanstaycoolatspeedsanddistancesthatwouldoverheatotheranimals.

Human'sefficientc______system.28.Tuitionforprivateforprofittradeschoolsthatusuallyspecializeinonefield,suchashairstylingorautomechanics,varieswidely.29.However,allcountriesdonotbenefittothesamedegreefromthisprograminmedicineandhygiene.30.Intheoverallcrimemix,thesharpdeclineincrimeamongthelargeadultpopulationhaseclipsedtherisingcrimerateamongtherelativelysmallpopulationofteens.31.Besidestheacademicdegree,teachersshouldalsobeinterestedinteaching.Itwasnecessarynotonlythatteachersshouldbeknowledgeableintheirmajorfields,butalsothattheyshouldbeskillful.Inaddition,theteachermusthaveproficiencyinthetargetlanguagethatincludesfourskills:understanding,speaking,readingandwriting.

Itisreallyd______tobeateacher.32.Theylivehandtomouth,daytoday,anddonothaveenoughincometosupporttheirdailyexistence—muchlessputsomethingasideforretirement.33.Theproblemofunsupervisedyouthdoesnotendnorthesolutionnecessarilybeginwiththebreakdownofthetraditionalfamily.34.Programmingrobotstointerpretwhattheirsensorspickupisatoughtask.Remember,siliconbrainshandleinformation,includingsensorydata,aszeroesandones.Imaginethedifficultyintryingtoexplaintoarobotwhatabaseballlookslike—usingonlyzeroesandones.

D______forrobotplayingbaseball.35.Willpowerisnotsomeunchangeablecharacteristicswearebornwith.Itisskillthatcanbedeveloped,strengthenedandtargetedtohelpusachieveourgoals.

Willpowercanben______.36.Ittakestimeforthemtoprepareforthegreatchangesthatoccurinspace.Whenthespaceshipleavestheearthattremendousspeed,theastronautsfeelasiftheyarebeingcrushedagainstthespaceshipfloor.Later,whentheyleavethezoneoftheearth'sgravitation,theyareunabletostayinoneplace.

Problemsforastronautstoo______whentravelingtospace.37.Loveplaysaveryimportantpartinthisworldtoday.Itisdifficulttoimaginewhattheywouldbelikeiftherewerenoloveforeachother.

Tolivewithoutl______ismiserable.38.Hewasveryfondofboiledmeat,particularlyboiledfish,andwasconstantlypickingbones.39.ThereareactuallytwocrimetrendsongoinginAmerica—onefortheyoungandoneforthemature,whicharemovinginoppositedirections.40.Tobeabletoaffordtheseitemsandstillhavemoneyleftfornonessentialssuchastravelandentertainment,mostfamiliesfindthemselveseconomizingandwatchingtheirpennies.41.ThenameoftheRussianastronautwhoperformedthisfeatwasLeonov,andthedateofhiswalkinspacewasMarch18,1965.42.Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecar-willremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Possiblep______ofautomobiles.43.Risingcarbondioxidelevelsleadstoglobalwarming.Theindustrializedworldhasbeenthemainprotagonistgiventhatcarbondioxidelastsabout100yearsintheatmosphere,butasthedevelopingnationsbecomeincreasinglymechanizedandurbanized,thebalanceisshifting.Indeed,thecarbonemissionsofAsiamorethandoubledfrom1990onwards.

Developingcountriesp______morecarbonemissionsthanbefore.44.Whilemanypoliceofficialscanlegitimatelyfeelgratifiedaboutthearrestedcrimerate—betterthatitbedownthanup—thereismuchmoretothegreatcrimedropstory.45.MostcommutersinMunich,Germany,spendhoursstuckintrafficortryingtosqueezeintooneoftheovercrowdedsubwaytrains,everymorning,butfor40-year-oldBenjaminDavid,commutingisactuallyarelaxingexperience.Everyday,hejumpsintotheIsarRiverandswimstwokilometerstohisworkplaceinKulturstrand.

Adifferentwaytoa______heavytraffic.46.Teachingandlearningaretwoentirelydifferentprocesses.Theydifferinkindandfunction.Thefunctionofteachingistocreatetheconditionsandtheclimatethatwillmakeitpossibleforchildrentodevisethemostefficientsystemforteachingthemselvestoread.Teachingisalsopublicactivity.Itcanbeseenandobserved.

Teachingandlearningdifferinkindandf______.47.Allplantsandanimalsthathavebeenstudiedcarefully(includinghumans)seemtohavebuild-inclocks.Theyknowthetimenaturallyandcorrectlywithoutanyhelpfromoutside.

Tohaveab______clock.48.Onesystemusingsolarenergytocleanuppollutioninwaterhasbanksofmovingmirrorsthatfocussunlightontoawaterfallofwastewater.Theothermethodreflectslightfromamirroredtroughontowastewaterflowingthroughglasstubes.Thesolarpurifierswillreduceconcentrationoforganicpollutantstoafewpartsperbillion.

Twomethodsforwatert______withsolarenergy.49.Increasingly,childrenarebeingraisedinhomesdisruptedbydivorceandeconomicstress;toomanychildrenemergeundersocializedandundersupervised.50.Mostfive-year-oldscanexpressthemselvesfluentlywithavarietyofwordsandcanunderstandaneven-largervarietyofwordsusedinconversationsandstories.Ifchildrenhavebeenexposed,tobooksandheardstoriesreadandtold,theyhavebeguntodevelopan-interestinwhatprintsaysandhowitisusedtoexpressideas;aconceptofstoryandstorystructure;andanunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenoralandwrittenlanguage.

Cognitiveandlanguaged______inchildren.第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：unhealthy[解析]题目可译为“严格的饮食控制是一种怎样的瘦身方法”。文章主要讲了网上提供的一系列的节食项目貌似是在帮助人们减肥，但是专家还是警告人们应禁止节食减肥，并提倡健康的减肥方法。单词以u开头，又与“不健康的”意思相近的是unhealthy。答案为unhealthy。2.参考答案：Train[解析]本段主题句为最后一句，Byusingdifferentmethods...humanscanteachanimalsto...，即“人们用不同方法训练不同的动物”。“训练”用train，文中的teach是个表示泛指含义的词，train常用来指训练。答案为Train。3.参考答案：live[解析]本段落的主旨是住在城市比较好。因为城市里有好的学校、大的超市，比较便利。答案为live。4.参考答案：workaholic5.参考答案：Doubt[解析]本段话说，什么使一个人比另一个人聪明?聪明是天生的呢还是后天养成的，这些老问题的答案到现在仍然不是很清楚。intelligent和fool这些大脑的思考能力的特性属于intermsofpeople'smind。不确定，疑问是doubt。答案为Doubt。6.参考答案：responsible[解析]本段落的主旨是地震是造成巨大破坏的直接原因。答案为responsible。7.参考答案：musician[解析]本段落的主旨是对音乐家Arion的简要介绍。答案为musician。8.参考答案：考虑到年轻人持枪犯罪的最近趋势，青少年持枪的问题已不再是被过分夸大。[解析]这是一个简单句，直译即可。其中，inviewof考虑到。9.参考答案：function10.参考答案：Scientists[解析]本段落的主旨是科学家通过归纳和演绎来进行工作。答案为Scientists。11.参考答案：types[解析]本段落的主旨是安全检测的种类。答案为types。12.参考答案：工厂常常是社会或政府的财产，而不是哪一个人的财产。[解析]这是一个简单句，可直译。其中ratherthan指而不是。13.参考答案：熟练的电脑罪犯进入银行金库的电脑系统比武装劫匪闯入要容易得多，而其被捕和受惩罚的风险却很小。[解析]breakinto强行进入；gainaccessto进入……途径；withfarlessriskofapprehensionandpunishment，在这儿做状语，做补充说明。14.参考答案：nurtured[解析]本段落的主旨是意志力是可以培养的。意志力并不是我们与生俱来的不可改变的特质，它可以不断地发展、加强，最终帮助我们达到目标。当我们遇到挫折的时候，意志力可以帮助我们克服困难，继续前行。答案为nurtured。15.参考答案：joke[解析]Thepassageisnothingbutajoke.本段讲一位年轻的喜欢莎士比亚的女士去莎士比亚故乡旅行时闹的笑话。答案为joke。16.参考答案：只有在失去地球引力之后．我们才意识到我们多么依赖它。[解析]howmuchwedepend...ofit是由howmuch引导的宾语从句；dependon依赖。17.参考答案：很聪明。如果我有时间，我想我本来可以教给它一些规矩，尽管它偷东西很让我失望。[解析]agreatdealof大量的；ifI...behavior是由if引导的条件状语从句。despairof对……很失望。18.参考答案：system[解析]本段落的主旨是机器人打棒球的方法。人们把棒球的大小和形状以图片的形式呈现，而后以数字代码“0”和“1”的形式输出。答案为system。19.参考答案：transformed[解析]本段落的主旨是棒球转变成一种职业性运动。棒球在以前只是人们娱乐时的一种体育项目，而今却转变成了职业选手参加的体育比赛项目。答案为transformed。20.参考答案：growth21.参考答案：rebel[解析]题目可泽为“青少年为什么……家长的原因”。文章主要讲了青少年反叛是因为身体的变化暗示了他们的成长，但是父母对待他们依然像孩子一样。单词以r开头，与“反叛”意思相近的是rebel。答案为rebel。22.参考答案：nurtured[解析]本段落的主旨是意志力是可以培养的。意志力并不是我们与生俱来的不可改变的特质，它可以不断地发展、加强，最终帮助我们达到目标。当我们遇到挫折的时候，意志力可以帮助我们克服困难，继续前行。答案为nurtured。23.参考答案：dark[解析]本段主要讲了一颗像朱庇特那么大的星球TrES-2B以三百万公里的距离围绕着自己的行星绕转，这颗星球的表面很灰暗，并没有反射任何一颗行星的光。段中的关键词inky为我们提供了信息，由此我们可以总结出主题句应为一颗很黑暗没有反射星光的行星。答案为dark。24.参考答案：Backache25.参考答案：当物价上涨超过人们的收入水平时，为了保证收支平衡，家家户户迟早得减少消费。[解析]whenprices...endmeet为时间状语从句；soonerorlater迟早；beforcedtodosth.强迫做某事；makeeachendmeet指为了保证收支平衡。26.参考答案：control27.参考答案：cooling[解析]本段主要列举了猛犸象可以在短程中跑得比人快的例子，但是在长跑中，人类可以超越任何的动物。原因是我们可以通过出汗而不是喘气来使身体降温，因此在长跑中能保持身体凉爽，但是动物在长跑中会变得越来越热。段中的关键词cool给我们提供了信息，因此我们可以总结出这段主要讲了人类的降温系统。答案为cooling。28.参考答案：以赢利为目的，专注于美发或机械自动化等某个领域的学校通常收取学费的差别很大。[解析]thatusuallyspecializein...widely为由that引导的定语从句，来作schools的定语；specializein指专营。29.参考答案：并不是所有国家都从医疗卫生的进步中得到同样多的实惠。[解析]benefitfrom指从中获利。这是一个简单句，可直译。30.参考答案：在各类案件中，人口数量占优的成年人犯罪率骤降已掩盖了人口数量相对较少的青少年犯罪率的攀升。4[解析]Intheoverallcrimemix指在各类案件中；thesharpdecline指急剧下降。31.参考答案：musician[解析]本段落的主旨是对老师的要求越来越高。老师不仅要有扎实的专业知识，而且要具备听、说、读、写的能力。答案为demanding。32.参考答案：他们的收入仅够糊口，日复一日，没有足够