为什么用做托福阅读的方法答不出GRE高分

Word文档为什么用做托福阅读的方法答不出GRE高分为什么用做托福阅读的方法答不出GRE高分，从头说起!我们看看吧，下面我就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

为什么用做托福阅读的方法答不出GRE高分，从头说起

伙伴们必须首先认清，GRE的阅读考试不同于我们过去所经历的各种阅读考试，无论是中文还是英文，无论是小学和中学阶段的语言考试，还是大学之后可能经历的四六级阅读考试，抑或是TOEFL/IELTS中的阅读考试。

GRE阅读所测试的能力决定了我们必须以不同的阅读策略切入，抛弃我们所固有的、已经习以为常的阅读习惯。那么，要做到这一点，我们就必须首先弄清楚GRE阅读考试到底考察哪些能力。下面我就来看看GRE官方指南是怎么说的：

ReadingComprehensionquestionsaredesignedtotestawiderangeofabilitiesrequiredtoreadandunderstandthekindsofprosecommonlyencounteredingraduateschool.Thoseabilitiesinclude:1understandingthemeaningofindividualwords/理解词义2understandingthemeaningofindividualsentences/理解句意3understandingthemeaningofparagraphsandlargerbodiesoftext/理解段落及篇章的意义4distinguishingbetweenminorandmajorpoints/区分细节与主旨5summarizingapassage/概括段落

6drawingconclusionsfromtheinformationprovided/从已有信息当中推出结论7reasoningfromincompletedata,inferringmissinginformation/从已有信息当中推出缺失信息8understandingthestructureofatext,howthepartsrelatetooneanother/理解文章结构和各部分之间关系9identifyingtheauthor’sperspective/判断的视角aidentifyingtheauthor’sassumptions/判断的假设banalyzingatextandreachingconclusionsaboutit/从文本中得出结论cidentifyingstrengthsandweaknesses/判断论证的优点与缺陷

今天我们先通过两道题目来了解能力1和2考察的具体展现形式，希望能够帮助伙伴们迅速理解这项考试的策略，并寻找合适的应对方案。

1understandingthemeaningofindividualwords/理解词义显然会出现在词汇题当中。与很多同学可能熟悉的TOEFL词汇题不同，我们都知道TOEFL词汇题的做法是不带回原文直接选词义，更多考察的是词汇量本身，而不是词汇在语境中的含义;GRE的词汇题更需要大家能够根据上下文推断词义。比如：AcriticalconsensushasemergedthatMaryMcCarthywillberememberedprimarilyasanessayistratherthanasanovelist.Butdespiteherformidablegiftsasapolemicalanddiscursivewriter,andforallherreputationasanintellectualwhosacrificedfeelingtointelligence,whatpowersMcCarthy’sbestessaysareherfictionalratherthanstrictlyintellectualgifts.Shemakesherpointsbytellingstoriesorbywayofvividdescription,arrestingimagesandsubtlecharacterization.Andforallherexactingsenseoffact,McCarthy’sgreatestcontributionwastoblurthedistinctionsbetweendifferentkindsofprosewriting:toshowhowfictioncouldbeopeneduptothethinkingmindandhowessayscouldprofitfromthetechniquesoffiction.Inthecontextinwhichitappears,“discursive”mostnearlymeansA.ProlificB.SophisticC.RamblingD.AnalyticalE.Circuitous答案：D

这道题目如果同学们查字典，很容易选出C这个答案，因为discursive和rambling这两个词就是同义词，是“离题的”的意思。然而，在本文背景下，discursive一定是essay的特点，是用来表达intelligence而不是feeling的，在这种上下文背景下，它的意思应该是“推论的，论证的：通过推理而非直觉来得出结论的”，所以选择的答案是analytical。很显然，GRE的词汇题要求的并不简简单单是词汇量本身，而是上下文语义关系判断的能力。

2understandingthemeaningofindividualsentences/理解句意同样看似考察的是句子本身的字面意思，如果在TOEFL考试当中，只要看懂一个句子的语义，一道句子改写题基本就不成问题了。但是GRE考试当中，即便考察的是语句本身的语义，选项对原文的改写不仅仅是句型的改写，而很可能是不同逻辑形式对等效语义的表达。比如：请输入正文Astronomersstudyingacertainkindofsupernova(explodingstar)weresurprisedtofindthesupernovaswerefainterthanexpected.Seekingexplanations,theydiscountedthepossibilitythatcosmicdustmightbescreeningoutsomeofthelight,becauseitwouldfilteroutbluelightmorethanred,causingthesupernovastoappearredderthantheyreallyare.Also,unlessspreadverysmoothlythroughoutspace,thedustwouldintroducelargevariationsinthemeasurements.Anotherpossibilityisgravitationallensing,thebendingoflightraysastheyskirtgalaxiesenroute.Suchlensingoccasionallycausesbrightening,butmostoftenitcontributestothedimnessofdistantsupernovas.Calculationsshow,however,thatthiseffectbecomesimportantonlyforsourcesmoredistantthanthesupernovasstudied.Accordingtothepassage,theastronomersrejectedgravitationallensingasanexplanationfortheirfindingsbecauseA.gravitationallensingcancausesupernovastoappearbrighterthantheyreallyareB.theircalculationsshowedanegligibleeffectofgravitationallensingforlightraysfromdistantsources.C.lightraystravelingfromthesupernovasstudieddidnothavetoskirtgalaxies.D.theeffectofgravitationallensingontheappearanceofsupernovasisunpredictable.E.thesupernovasstudiedweretoonearforgravitationallensingtohavetheobserveddimmingeffect.答案：E这道题很明显考察的就是最后一句话“thiseffectbecomesimportantonlyforsourcesmoredistantthanthesupernovasstudied”的意思。而XbecomesimportantforY这句话，等效于Xisnotimportantfornon-Y，而题干相当于在问X为什么notimportant，则答案就应该是non-Y。根据这个形式，鉴于原文的Y相当于distant，则正确选项就应该是以notdistant为关键信息，所以选择了E，核心词是near。其实这个题反映了一个更普遍的常考察的语言现象，即以“only”为逻辑信息的句型其表面语义和实际语义之间的关系。当我在说“onlywhenIworkhardcanIgethighscore”时，我并没有表达努力工作能够带来高分的意思，相反，我所表达是不努力工作没法带来高分的意思。而这种现象又代表的是一大类现象，即某种逻辑句型的表面语义和实际语义之间的关系，它要求同学们在阅读时能够在逻辑等效的句型之间进行语义的灵活切换。

GRE阅读题之__流派问题

每日一练

AncientChristianitymaybedividedintotwogreatperiods.Inthefirst,itwasareligionliabletopersecution,sufferingseverelyattimesandalwaysstrugglingtomaintainitself;inthesecond,itbecamethereligionoftheState,andinitsturnsetabouttorepressandpersecutetheheathenreligions.Itwasnolongerwithoutlegalrights;ithadthesupportofthesecularrulersandwaslavishlyendowedwithwealth.Thesetwoperiodsaremarkedlydifferent,andtheconditionshadadistincteffectuponthelifeandgrowthoftheChristianreligion.

Thecentralideapresentedbytheauthorinthisparagraphisthat:

A.EarlyChristianswereoftenpersecutedfortheirbeliefs,andsometimesevenkilled.

B.ThoughlaterChristianswerenolongerpersecuted,theyneverforgotthehistoryoftheirreligion.

C.TheChristianchurchbecameverywealthyovertimeandwassupportedbykingsandemperors.

D.ThetwoverydifferentperiodsofearlyChristianityeachservedtomoldthenatureofthereligion.

E.BecomingthereligionoftheStatewastheturningpointforChristianityasaworldreligion.

正确答案

C

GRE阅读题之犯罪率在上升

每日一练

Thesametruthisnowknownaboutcrime;buttheunderstandingandtheapplicationofitarejustopeninguponus.Theoldandstilldominantthoughtis,astocause,thatacrimeiscausedbytheinscrutablemoralfreewillofthehumanbeing,doingornotdoingthecrime,justasitpleases;absolutelyfreeinadvance,atanymomentoftime,tochooseornottochoosethecriminalact,andthereforeinitselfthesoleandultimatecauseofcrime.Astotreatment,therestillarejusttwotraditionalmeasuresjail,orafine(fordeathisnowemployedinrarecasesonly).Butmodernscience,hereasinmedicine,recognizesthatcrimealso(likedisease)hasnaturalcauses.Itneednotbeassertedforonemomentthatcrimeisadisease.Butitdoeshavenaturalcauses.Andastotreatment,modernsciencerecognizesthatpenalorremedialtreatmentcannotpossiblybeindiscriminateandmachine-like,butmustbeadaptedtothecauses,andtothemanasaffectedbythosecauses.

Theauthorbelieveswhichofthefollowing?Selectallcorrectchoices.

A.Thedominantthoughtisthatcrimeiscausedbyfreewill

B.Freewillisnottheonlycauseofcrime

C.Crimeisnotadisease

正确答案

ABC

GRE阅读题之美国和欧洲的联系

每日一练

TheAmericanfrontierissharplydistinguishedfromtheEuropeanfrontier--afortifiedboundarylinerunningthroughdensepopulations.ThemostsignificantthingabouttheAmericanfrontieris,thatitliesatthehitheredgeoffreeland.Inthecensusreportsitistreatedasthemarginofthatsettlementwhichhasadensityoftwoormoretothesquaremile.Thetermisanelasticone,andforourpurposesdoesnotneedsharpdefinition.Weshallconsiderthewholefrontierbelt,includingtheIndiancountryandtheoutermarginofthesettledareaofthecensusreports.Thispaperwillmakenoattempttotreatthesubjectexhaustively;itsaimissimplytocallattentiontothefrontierasafertilefieldforinvestigation,andtosuggestsomeofthepro