高二英语人教新课标版Unit4Sharing语法定语从句

定语从句复习

定语从句

定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等。

关系副词有：when,where,why等。

先行词是物先行词是人定语地点状语时间状语主宾主宾关系代词whichthatwhowhomwhose关系副词wherewhen注：1.介词提前时一般只用which和whom。

2.whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich/ofwhom关系词的种类关系代词关系副词起着代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用，在从句中充当状语Theman(whoisstandingthere)ismybrother.关系词的作用：①代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分②把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句关系代词引导的定语从句

两个简单句：Amanisstandingthere.Themanismybrother.=主从复合句：Themanwhoisstandingthereismybrother.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词先行词一般是名词或代词关系代词：引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的关系代词

thatwhichwhowhomwhose

that即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物

1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.主语2)ThenoodlesthatIlookedweredelicious.宾语3)Let’saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.主语4)ThegirlthatwesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.宾语）2.

Which

在从句中作主语或宾语，指物1)Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.(主语)2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.（宾语）3.

whowhom

在从句中分别作主语和宾语(口语中who也可作宾语)1)TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.（主语）2)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.（主语）

4)Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.（宾语）3)ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.（宾语）

在以疑问词who开头的句子中,或关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用who。

Whoistheman

that

isshoutingthere?

Sheisnotthegirl

that

sheusedtobe.NOTE3)Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.4.

whose

在从句中作定语，指人或物1)MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.2)Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof.关系代词which，whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常有“介词+which（或whom）”引出。Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecityinwhichtheylive.Thisistheoldmanfromwhomwe’velearntalot.Ihaveasister.+

SheworksinShanghai.=Ihaveasister___________worksinShanghai.Translate:他想要见的人在上海。Hewantstoseetheman.+

ThemanisinShanghai.=Theman______________hewantstoseeisinShanghai.Haveyoufoundthepen?+Youlostityesterday.=Haveyoufoundthepen___________youlostyesterday?who/thatwho/whom/that(that/which)Doyouknowthegirl?+

Hermotherworkshere.=Doyouknowthegirl________motherworkshere?Iliveinaroom.+

itswindowfacessouth.=Iliveinaroom________windowfacessouth.whosewhose=Iliveinaroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.ofwhichthewindow(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：

Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.(2)先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。

Weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinourschool.

关系代词that和which的区别

1.宜用that引导的定语从句(3)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which,who，或whom。例如：ThisisthemostimpressiveTVtheaterthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。

Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。

Wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatstartsourwork.

我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。

2.宜用which引导的定语从句当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。Heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman,whichhelpedheralot.as,which非限定性定语从句

由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.

Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.

Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.

A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he

Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark.

A.that

B.which

C.as

D.it

(3)当先行词受such,thesame，as,so修饰时，常用as

Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.

Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.

注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。

SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.

她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

(2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；

先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。

准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。Isthisthemuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone判断改错

1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.

2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.

3.Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.

4.I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.

FFTT区分定语从句和同位语从句

1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；

同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系

(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.

定语从句

(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.

同位语从句

2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；

同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分

(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.

(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.

(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语

(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.

3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以

(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.

(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.

(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.

Step4.关系副词先行词状语地点where时间when原因why/forwhich关系词的种类关系代词关系副词起着代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用，在从句中充当状语关系词的作用：①代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分②把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句关系副词引导的定语从句

两个简单句：Ivisitedthecity.Iwasborninthecity.=主从复合句：IvisitedthecitywhereIwasborn.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词=（inwhich）关系副词：在定语从句中作状语Thisisthehouse.+Iwasborninthehouse.（介词短语）=Iwasbornthere（副词).=Thisisthehouse_______Iwasborn.=____which注意区别：Thisisthehouse____________Iwasbornin.(which/that)whereinWewillneverforgettheday.+wewillholdtheOlympicGamesonthatday.=Wewillneverforgettheday______wewillholdtheOlympicGames.

____which注意区别：Iwillneverforgettheday____________Ispentwithyoulastyear.(which/that)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelefthere.=forwhichwhenon注意：1.Thankyouforthebookthatyougaveittomeyesterday.在定语从句中，关系代词已代替了前面的先行词，所以在从句中不能在重复了。what不能用于定语从句中2.Tellmeanythingwhatyouknow.Tellmewhatyouknow.thattellsb.sth,3.在介词＋whom/which

结构中，介词的选择Iwillneverforgettheday____whichIreachedtheGreatWall.Tellmethetime_____whichthetrainleaves.Thisisthehero_____whomweareproud.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.tothatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom根据先行词来判断根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判断onatofbeproudof;turntosb.forhelp4.（名词、代词、数词、最高级＋）of＋whom/which结构中，表所属关系，”…当中的…”

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthatisTaiwan.

whichThere54studentsinourclass,mostofthemareboys.whom5.在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：

①

that

不能用来引导非限制性定语从句②why

不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用forwhiche.g.Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.

③在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用whom，不能用who替换，也不能省略Hiswife,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacher.A.whomB.whoC.that