初中英语动词专题培训学习

动词考点一动词的基本形式动词的基本形式有四类：1.动词原形2.第三人称单数形式3.过去式和过去分词4.现在分词1.动词原形（VerbStem）eg：be have do动词原形的用法(1)与助动词（do,does,did等）或情态动词（shall,will,should,would,may,might,haveto,must,need,oughtto等）搭配时，要用原形。如：

DoesshelikeEnglish?她喜欢英语吗？

MayIuseyourtelephone?我可以用你的电话吗？

Wemuststudyhardandmakeprogresseveryday.我们必须好好学习，天天向上。

Shallwetellhertowait?我们要不要告诉她等一下？

(2)祈使句的句首，要用原形。如：

Closethedoorbehindyou,please.

请随手关上门。

Don'tmakeanoise.

别吵闹。

Let'sliveinfriendship.

让我们生活在友谊之中。

(3)使役动词和感官动词之后

Isawthetraincomeintothestation.

我看见火车进站了。

HeletJackleadtheway.

他让杰克在前面带路。

Imadehimlaugh.

我使他大笑了。(4)动词不定式之后。

Shewantstodancewithyou.

她想和你跳舞。2.第三人称单数形式:

是指当主语是第三人称单数，时态是现在一般时的动词形式.单词形式词尾变化例词一般动词 加-s helpslikes以ch、sh、s、x、o结尾的词 加-es watchesdoes以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y为i再加es carry-carries3.过去式和过去分词的规则变化词尾情况变化方式例词一般情况加-edwork--workedwant--wanted以e结尾加-dlike--likedhope--hoped辅音字母+y变y为i再加edstudy--studied重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加eddrop--droppedpat--patted过去式和过去分词的不规则变化1、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。

cost—cost—cost

cut—cut—cut

2、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。1)过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。 bring—brought—brought buy—bought—bought2)词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。

build—built—built lend—lent—lent3)过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。

catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught4)把-eep变为-ept。

keep—kept—kept3、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。1)原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。

be—was—been do—did—donefly—flew—flown go—went—gonelie—lay—lain show—showed—shown2)词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。

blow—blew—blowndraw—drew—drawnknow—knew—knownthrow—threw—thrown（show除外）

3)词尾为“i＋辅（1个）＋e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（give，hide除外）

drive—drove—driven write—wrote—writtenride—rode—ridden rise—rose—risen

4、A—B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同。

come—came—come become—became—become run—ran—run5、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—should4.现在分词词尾情况变化方式例词一般情况以不发音的e结尾加--ing去e加ingplay-playingwork--workingtake--takinguse--using、重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加ingsit--sittingrun--running写出下列动词的第三人称单数go________ do________play________ jump________put________ sing________dance________ come________fly________ study________eat________ like________goesdoesplaysjumpsputssingsdancescomesfliesstudieseatslikes写出下列不规则动词的过去式和过去分词bear ________________ become________________come ________________ do ________________eat ________________ drive ________________keep ________________ hold ________________buy ________________ find ________________speak ________________ read ________________take ________________ leave ________________sell ________________ make________________borebornbecamebecomecamecomediddoneateeatendrovedrivenkeptkeptheldheldboughtboughtfoundfoundspokespokenreadreadtooktakenleftleftsoldsoldmademade用动词的适当形式填空Mother________(watch)TVeveryevening.He_______(go)toBeijingtwodaysago.Heoftenhelpstheoldman_______(carry)thewater.Don’tforgetto______(turn)offthelightbeforeyou leavetheroom.5.Pleaseletthegirl______(go)first.6.Tellthechildren_____________(notplay)withfire.7.Acow______(eat)grassbutgivesmilk.8.Doyouenjoy_________(watch)TV?9.Twomonths______(be)alongtime.10.TheGreens____________(visit)Chinabefore.watcheswentcarryturngonottoplayeatswatchingishavevisitedMissGreensawawallet______onthegroundwhenshewalkedpasttheschoolgate.A.lie B.lying C.lies D.tolieseesb./sth.dosth意为看见某人做过某事/看见某事有发生。故本题选AAYoumustbeverytired.Whynot______arest?stophaving B.stoptohaveC.tostophaving D.tostoptohavestoptodosth.:是停下（手头的事情）去做另外一件事。stopdoingsth.:停止做某事（指停止做原来的事情）。BWhereisJim?---He______tothelibrary.went B.hasbeen C.goes D.hasgone从题意得知Jim不在，故应回答他已经去了某地。havebeento:去过某地（已返回）havegoneto：去某地了（已出发）DLook!Lilywithhersisters______akite.isflying B.fliesC.areflying D.fly从“Look！”一词得知本句时态为现在进行时。另外介词短语“withhersisters”其实可以放在句末，不影响“Lily”做第三人称单数主语。ATheschoolbus_______byatruck.hit B.hittedC.ishitting D.washitDhit意为“撞击”，从句意看应为被动语态。被动语态的构成：be+p.p.(washit:被撞了)Mysister____theLeaguelastyear.She_____aLeaguememberforaboutayear.joined…hasbecome B.joined…hasbeenC.hasjoined…hasbeen D.didjoin…hadbeenB前一分句时间状语为“lastyear”为一般过去时；后一分句时间状语为“foraboutayear”表延续用现在完成时。become为非延续性动词不接一段时间。考点二系动词LinkVerb系动词有:be,become,get,grow,turn,sound,look,smell,taste,feel,seem等。这些词常接形容词、名词等构成“主+系+表”结构。1.状态系动词“be”，表达主语的性质状态。Heisateacher.他是一名教师。（表示主语的身份－－性质）

Heisill.他病了。（表示主语的状态）

2.持续系动词，表示主语继续或保持一种状况例词有keep,stay等。Healwayskeptsilentinclass.他上课时总保持沉默。Theweatherstaysrainy.天气一直是下雨。3.表像系动词：表示“看起来像，似乎”，有seem,appear,look。Helookssotired.他看起来很累。Heseems(tobe)verysad.他看起来很伤心。4.感官系动词：feel（感觉起来）,smell（闻起来）,sound（听起来）,taste（尝起来）,look

（看起来）Thisflowersmellsverysweet.这朵花闻起来很香。Thebirthdaycaketastesdelicious.这生日蛋糕尝起来很美味。变化系动词：主要有become,grow,turn,get等。Hebecameangryafterhearingthenews.他听说了消息后变得很生气。BillGatesgrewrichinashorttime.比尔盖茨没多长时间就（变得）富有了。1.—WhatisMr.Wanglike?—____.A.HeisateacherB.HeisoldandkindC.HelookslikeaballoonD.HelikesEnglishWhat’s...like?是询问人或事物的性质特征情况的交际用语。BHisvoice____asifhehasacold.sounds B.listensC.hears D.seemssound：“听起来”ATheseapplestaste_____.tohegood B.tobewellC.well D.goodtaste表示“尝起来”时，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。AHiswishtobecomeadriverhas____true.turned B.realizedC.come D.growncometrue是固定搭配，表示“实现”，其中come是系动词，表示“成为”、“变得”。CAssoonasMr.Zhangwenttobed,he____asleep.kept B.gotC.fell D.fall

fallasleep表示“入睡”，是固定搭配，根据题意，应用过去时。C考点三

实义动词

（也称为行为动词）实义动词及物动词不及物动词必须跟宾语，意义才完整

Itrustyou.Ienjoyreading.本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语

Mywatchstopped.

意义不完整，带介词宾语Sheworriedaboutherdaughter.---WhatshouldIdofirst?---Theinstructions_____thatyoushouldaddsomewaterfirst.A.go B.tell C.write D.say解析：go是不及物动词，不能直接加宾语从句；tell应该用“tellsb.that…”；write必须是人做主语；say是及物动词，可以接宾语从句。DSometimesyouonlyneedonestepbeforeyourgoal_____.isachieved B.completesC.hasachieved D.hascompleted解析：“goal”意为“目标”，与动词“achieve”搭配，并且本题goal做主语，所以用被动语态。AHe______schoolfortenyears.leaves B.hasleftC.hasbeenleft D.hasbeenawayfrom解析：及物动词leave表达的动作是非延续性的。非延续性动词不能与表延续的时间状语连用。类似的词还有die,begin,finish,come,go,borrow,lend,buy等等。延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave---beaway borrow---keep buy---havestart---beon die---bedead finish---beoverjoin---bein+组织机构……………D考点四

助动词常见助动词分三类：be（构成进行时）Iamtakingphotos.我正在拍照。(动词am无实意，辅助take构成进行时。)Listen！Somebody_____inthenextroom.sing B.singsC.issinging D.aresinging本句为现在进行时，主语somebody意为“某人”，视作单数。CWhentheteachercamein,we______books.read B.readedC.isreading D.arereading根据时间状语从句When…来判断主句应为过去进行时。（当老师进来的时候，我们在读书。）Dbe（构成被动语态）

（be+p.p.）TheproblemwassolvedbyMichael.这道难题是被Michael解决的。Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?---Yes,ourclassroom______everyday.clean B.cleans C.iscleaned D.iscleaning答语中classroom与clean为被动关系，即“教室被打扫。”CDidyougotoJack’sbirthdayparty?—No,I____.A.amnotinvited B.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvited D.didn’tinviteinvite：邀请答语中I与invite是被动关系，且时间为过去。B—Mum,canIgotothezoowithJack?—Whenyourhomework___,youcan.A.isdone B.wasdoneC.does D.did

AHisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.willbepublished B.ispublishing

C.isbeingpublished D.hasbeenpublished

publish：出版book与publish是被动关系；nextmonth是一般将来时；被动语态的一般将来时形式为：will+be+doneATheearthisourhome.It___well.A.mustbeprotected B.shouldprotectC.needprotect D.shouldprotected.Aprotect：保护本句为情态动词+被动语态：must+be+donedo，does，did

（构成疑问、否定或强调）以do为例：Doyouoftentakeexercises？你经常锻炼吗？（疑问）Idon’toftentakeexercises.我不常锻炼。(否定)I（do）

takeexerciseseveryday.我确实每天都锻炼。（强调）have，has,had

（构成完成时）have,has用于现在完成时（表过去已经发生或完成的动作对现在有影响或后果，或持续到现在的动作或状态。

）had用于过去完成时（过去的过去

）Ihavedonemyhomework.我已经做了作业。（已完成）Ihavelivedherefortenyears.我住这里已经十年了。（在持续）

BeforeIcamehere,Ihadpreparedforeverything.Heaskedme______duringthesummerholidays.

A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgoneA主句Heaskedme为一般过去时，从句时态为duringthesummerholidays更在过去。因此为“过去的过去”另：宾语从句用陈述语序。Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks______theendoflastyear.

A.for B.in C.by D.at

bytheendof：到…时为止，截止到…时候C按要求完成句子Thefactoryopenedtenyearsago.（同义句）

Thefactory_____________________fortenyears.2.JohnleftBeijingthreeyearsago.（同义句）

John___________________Beijing_____threeyears.3.Theyhavecleanedtheroomtwicethisweek. (就划线部分提问)

_____________________they______theclassroomthisweek?hasbeenopenhasn’tbeeninforHowmanytimeshavecleaned考点五情态动词一.can,could,beableto

I.can1）表“能力”

Hecanspeakfivelanguages.2）表“许可”=may

Can(May)Icomein?3)表“可能性”

Canitbetrue?

一.can,could,beableto4)beableto与can

的比较

A)表示能力时可通用

Noonecan/isabletodoit.

B)beableto可用于任何时态。

I’msorryIhaven’tbeenableto

answeryourletter.

C)将来时可以用用beableto

不能用kan

Afteryearsofhardworkhe

wasabletowintheprize.

一.can,could,beableto2.could

1)could

是can的过去时，可用来较委婉，客气地提出问题或陈述看法。

Could

youcomealittleearlier?

2)can

和could

表示某人或某物一时的特点，译为“有可能，有时会”。

Hecanbeveryfriendly.Hecouldbeveryproud.二.may,might

1）表许可，译为“可以”（正式场合）

Youmaytakethebookhome.2)表示推测，“或许，可能”。

Itmayraintomorrow.

3)表示祝愿

Mayyousucceed!4)might:may的过去式，但might表可能性较小，或表更婉转语气。

Jimmay(might)lendyoumoney.

MightIaskaquestion?

三.must,haveto,need1.must的用法：

1）“必须”，否定表禁止。回答其问句用needn’t或don’thaveto。

Imustleaveat9.---Mustwehanditintoday?---Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.三.must,haveto,need1.must的用法：

2)must还可表示一种推断和揣测。must+do对现在事实的猜测;must+havedone对过去事实的猜测.Youmustbejoking.Ican’tfindmykey.Imusthaveleftitinthebus.三.must,haveto,need

2.must与haveto的比较：

A)haveto--客观情况；must--主观看法。

Imustlearnanotherforeignlanguage.Youhavetolearnanotherforeignlanguageifyouwanttoworkhere.

B)haveto用于不同时态，must不行.

WewillhavetobuyanotherTVset.三.must,haveto,need

3.need的用法：

1）作情态动词用时，用于疑问或否定句。回答need问句时，肯定用must,否定用needn’t/don’thaveto.Youneednotdoanythinghere.--NeedIgososoon?--Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t./don’thaveto.三.must,haveto,need

3.need的用法：

2)need用做行为动词时的用法：

Ineedtobuyanewdictionary.Mybikeneedsrepairing/

needstoberepaired.四.will和would的用法：1.表示“意愿”

Shewon’tlendmethemoney.

2.表“邀请”或“请求”

Willyougivemeapieceofpaper?

3.would比will语气更温婉。

Wouldlikesomethingtoeat?五.shall,should的用法

A)shall的用法

用于第一人称，表示征求意见。

ShallIturnonthelight?B)should的用法表示劝告，建议。

Youshouldstudythearticlecarefully.2.表示推测，译为“可能，应该，该”。

Heshouldarriveatnoon.Choosethebestanswer

1.–Whereisourheadteacher,Mr.Li?--He_____beintheoffice.Isawhimtherejustoneortwominutesago.A.canB.mayC.mightD.mustChoosethebestanswer

2.–ShallItellhimthenewsafterclass?--You_____.I’vetoldhimalready.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’tChoosethebestanswer

3.–Mrs.Wang,Linglingcametoseeyoujustnow.--It____beLingling.She’sgonetoHongKong.A.canB.can’tC.mustD.mustn’tChoosethebestanswer

4.Annahasn’tcometoschooltoday.Ithinkshe_____beill.A.canB.hastoC.mayD.shouldChoosethebestanswer

5.–IsMr.Smithswimminginthepool,Harry?--It_____behim.Isawhimgotothelibraryjustnow.A.maynotB.can’tC.needn’tD.mustn’tChoosethebestanswer

6.–Willyouanswerthetelephone?It_____beyourmother.--Sorry.I_____.I’mbusy.A.can;mustn’tB.will;can’tC.may;can’tD.need;willChoosethebestanswer

7.Tony____gototheoperaonSaturdaybecausehe’sgoingtohaveameeting.A.can’tB.mightC.mustn’tD.shouldChoosethebestanswer

8.Bepolite.You____talktotheoldlikethat.A.couldn’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.wouldn’tChoosethebestanswer

9.–Look!It_____bethenewwomanmanager.--It_____beher.ShehasjustleftforShanghai.A.can;mustn’tB.must;can’tC.must;mustn’tD.can’t;mustChoosethebestanswer

10.Schools_____allowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports.A.wouldB.mightC.shouldD.couldChoosethebestanswer

11.–NevertouchmycomputerwhileI’maway.--I______.A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.won’tD.don’t

Choosethebestanswer112.–Let’sgotoTaishanParkbytaxi.--It’snotfar.We____takeataxi.A.needn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t考点六、非谓语动词种类构成功能例句动词不定式动名词分词tododoingdoingdone名词形容词副词名词形容词副词Toseeistobelieve.Helikestoplay.Heaskedmetogo.Ihavealottodo.I’mheretomeetyou.Seeingisbelieving.Ilikeplaying.aninterestingbookabrokencupTheycamein,singing.Seeingfromthehill,ourschoollooksnice.不定式和动名词作宾语加不定式宾语

wanttogo2.加动名词宾语

keep,practice,suggest,enjoy,finish,mind,avoid+doing3.+todo/doing

remember,forget,stop,goon不定式和动名词作宾语补足语加不定式作宾补

wanthimtogo2.使役动词

let，make,have(sb.do)havesb.dohavesb.doinghavesth.done3.感官动词“五看两听一感觉”

look(at),see,watch,notice,observe,listen(to),hear,feel(sb.do/doing)4.keep,find(sb.doing)1.Don’tlethim____outaloneatnight.Heisyoungandwillbefrightened.

A.goB.goesC.togoD.going2.Myfatherisnotgoodatcooking.Heoftenasksmymother_____.

A.tohelphimB.tobehelpedC.nottohelphimD.howtohelphim3.Inordertowinthefirstplaceinthecontest,hepracticed_____theEnglishsong,buthefounditdifficult____thelyrics.

A.tosing;torememberB.tosing;rememberingC.singing;torememberD.singing;remembering4.MrGreenaskedustostop_____.Sowestopped____tohimatonce.

A.talking;listeningB.totalk;listeningC.talking;tolistenD.totalk;tolisten5.–WhatshouldwedotofightH1N1flu?--Weshouldwashhandsoften,avoid____tocrowdedplacesandsoon.

A.goB.goingC.goneD.togo6.–John,mycomputerdoesn’twork.--WhynotaskMrLiu___it?

A.tobuyB.nottobuyC.tocheckD.nottocheck7.–What’syourplanforthesummerholidays?--I’venoidea,butI’vedecided____athomeandhaveagoodrestfirst.

A.stayB.tostayC.stayedD.staying8.Wearegoingforapicnictomorrow.I’llcallWendytomakesure_____.

A.whytostartB.whentostartC.whattostartD.whichtostart9.–Mybrother’sillinhospital.--I’msorry_____that.

A.hearB.hearingC.heardD.tohear10.Shespendsmuchtime____Englisheveryday.

A.readB.readingC.toreadD.haveread11.–Wouldyoumindme_____?--____.Doitasyoulike,please.

A.toplaythepiano;GoodideaB.playingthepiano;OfcoursenotC.playingthepiano;OfcourseD.playthepiano;Allright12.–Oh,terrible!Iforgot____thewindow.It’swindy.--Really?Let’sgobackhomequickly.

A.closingB.tocloseC.closedD.close13.Afterthediscussion,thestudentsaskedtheirteacher______next.

A.whichtodoB.whattodoC.howtodoD.whytodo14.OnherwayhomeLucysawathief____inashop.Shestopped____110atonce.

A.steal;callB.tosteal;callC.stealing;toc