高考真题中的语法知识清单（2023年全国乙卷） 高三英语一轮复习

Allrightsreserved!第1页/共8页高考真题中语法知识清单【全国乙卷】英语学科第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。APRACTITIONERSJacquelineFelicedeAlmania(c.1322)highlightsthesuspicionthat【that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thesuspicion，同时又作从句中动词faced的宾语】womenpracticing【动词-ing形式（短语）作后置定语，修饰women】medicinefaced.BorntoaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswhere【where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Paris】sheworkedasaphysicianand【连接两个动词worked和performed】performedsurgery.In1322shewastried【一般过去时态的被动语态】forpracticingunlawfully.Inspiteofthecourthearingtestimonials(证明)ofherabilityasadoctor,shewasbanned【一般过去时态的被动语态】frommedicine.JamesBarry(c.1789—1865)wasbornMargaretBulkleyinIrelandbut,dressed【形容词。意思是“穿着……衣服的”】asaman,shewasaccepted【一般过去时态的被动语态】byEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813,thenjoinedtheBritishArmy,serving【动词-ing形式作伴随状语】overseas.Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticed【动词-ing形式的完成式，表示结果】herentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.TanYunxian(1461—1554)wasaChinesephysicianwho【who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词aChinesephysician，作主语，不可省略】learned【一般过去时态】herskillsfromhergrandparents.Chinesewomenatthetimecouldnot【情态动词的否定式】serveapprenticeships(学徒期)withdoctors.However,Tanpassed【一般过去时态】theofficialexam.Tantreated【一般过去时态】womenfromallwalksoflife.In1511,Tanwrote【一般过去时态】abook,SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,describing【动词-ing形式作伴随状语】herlifeasaphysician.RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—1895)worked【一般过去时态】asanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceive【bethefirst/last…todo结构的用法】amedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,where【where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Virginia】sheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.21.WhatdidJacquelineandJameshaveincommon?A.Doingteachingjobs. B.Beinghiredasphysicians.C.Performingsurgery. D.Beingbannedfrommedicine.22.HowwasTanYunxiandifferentfromtheotherpractitioners?A.Shewroteabook. B.Shewentthroughtrials.C.Sheworkedasadentist. D.Shehadformaleducation.23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?A.JacquelineFelicedeAlmania. B.TanYunxian.C.JamesBarry. D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.【参考答案】21.C22.A23.DBLivinginIowaandtryingtobecome【living…andtrying…作句子的主语部分】aphotographerspecializing【动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰aphotographer】inlandscape(风景)can【情态动词】bequiteachallenge,mainlybecause【引导原因状语从句】thecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation.Although【引导让步状语从句】landscapesintheMidwesttend【主语一致。主语是landscapes，而不是theMidwest，谓语动词用复数形式】tobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots【动词不定式（短语）作目的状语】,Ihavetraveled【现在完成时态】uptofourhoursawaytoshoot【动词不定式作目的状语】withina10-minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksor【连接两个介词短语tostateparks和tothecountryside】tothecountrysidetogoonadventuresand【连接两个动词（短语）go…和take…】takephotosalongtheway.Beingattherightplaceattherighttime【动词-ing形式（短语）作主语】isdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.Ioftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationsso【引导并列句】Ican【情态动词】setupearlytoavoidmissing【avoiddoingsthg的用法】themomentIamattempting【现在进行时态】tophotograph【Iamattemptingtophotograph是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词themoment，因为它在从句中作动词photograph的宾语，关系代词that/which可以省略】.Ihavemissed【现在完成时态】plentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeing【动词-ing形式（短语）作介词to的宾语】onthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthat【that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词acrazy-lookingroad，在从句中作主语，不可省略】hungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolook【enablesbtodosthg的用法】overthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground【with复合结构作后置定语，修饰thesunset】.Wemanagedtoleave【managetodosthg的用法】thisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路线)so【引导并列句，表示“结果”】weendedupalmostmissing【endupdoing结构的用法】thesunsetentirely.Once【连词，引导时间状语从句】wefoundtheplace,it【形式主语。真正主语是gettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime】wasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthough【连词，引导让步状语从句】theycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely【划线部分是虚拟语气结构，表示“与过去事实相反的假设”】.24.HowdoestheauthordealwiththechallengeasalandscapephotographerintheMidwest?A.Byteamingupwithotherphotographers. B.Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.C.Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions. D.Bycreatingsettingsinthecornfields.25.Whatisthekeytosuccessfullandscapephotographyaccordingtotheauthor?A.Propertimemanagement. B.Goodshootingtechniques.C.Adventurousspirit. D.Distinctivestyles.26.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.27.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A.Amusing. B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.【参考答案】24.B25.A26.C27.BCWhatcomesintoyourmindwhen【引导时间状语从句】youthinkofBritishfood【特殊疑问句】?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting【一般疑问句】?Eventhough【eventhough引导让步状语从句】Britainhas【主谓一致】areputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,itisproducing【现在进行时态】moretopclasschefswho【定语从句中的主谓一致。who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词topclasschefs，指人，可用that，不可省略，谓语动词用复数形式】appearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhose【引导定语从句，修饰先行词topclasschefs，在从句作定语】recipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthat【这是强调结构It’s…that….在本句中的应用，强调状语部分thankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaign】Britonsareturningaway【现在进行时态】frommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsand【连接两个动词-ing形式（短语），turning…和becoming…】becomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.Itisrecentlyreportedthat【Itisreportedthat….结构的用法。it是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的名词性从句】thenumberofthosesticking【动词-ing形式（短语）作后置定语，修饰those】toatraditionaldietis【主谓一致。主语是thenumber，而不是atraditionaldiet】slowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain’sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprove【would/shouldliketodosthg的用法】theircookinginsomeway.There【there位于句首的倒装句】hasbeen【现在完成时态】ariseinthenumberofstudentsapplying【动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰students】forfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelped【现在完成时态】changewhat【what引导名词性从句，作动词change的宾语，同时它在从句中又作动词think宾语】peoplethinkaboutcooking.Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5Britonssay【主谓一致】that【that引导的从句作动词say的宾语】watchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhas【主谓一致。动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式】encouragedthemtotrydifferentfood【encouragesbtodosthg的用法】.Almostonethirdsay【主谓一致】theynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4say【主谓一致】theynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.Oneinfouradultssay【主谓一致】that【that引导的从句作动词say的宾语】TVchefshavemade【现在完成时态】themmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpanding【动词-ing形式（短语）作介词about的宾语】theircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogetting【现在进行时态】moreinterestedin【be/getinterestedin(doing)sthg的用法】cooking.TheUK’sobsession(痴迷)withfoodisreflected【一般现在时态的被动语态】throughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodare【主谓一致。划线部分作主语，谓语动词用复数形式】broadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV【with复合结构作原因状语】,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking【itis+adj.（forsb）todosthg结构的用法】.28.WhatdopeopleusuallythinkofBritishfood?A.Itissimpleandplain. B.Itisrichinnutrition.C.Itlacksauthentictastes. D.Itdeservesahighreputation.29.WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammeonBritishTV?A.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential.30.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?A.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%.31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Theartofcookinginothercountries. B.MalechefsonTVprogrammes.C.TablemannersintheUK. D.Studiesofbigeaters.【参考答案】28.A29.D30.D31.BDIf【连词，引导条件状语从句】youwanttotell【wanttodosthg的用法】thehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnot【定语从句中的主谓一致。that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ahistory，指物，不可省略，谓语动词用单数形式】privilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannot【情态动词否定式】doitthroughtextsalone,because【连词，引导原因状语从句】onlysomeoftheworldhas【主谓一致】everhadtexts,while【连词，意思是“然而（表示对比）”】mostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot【省略everhadtexts，避免重复】.Writingis【主谓一致。动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式】oneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings【notonly…but(also)…的用法】.Ideallyahistorywould【情态动词】bringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareableto【情态动词beableto的用法】dojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t【省略bringtogethertextsandobjects，避免重复】.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)dropped【非谓语动词。动词-ed形式作后置定语，修饰awoodenshield，表示被动意义】byamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.If【连词，引导条件状语从句】wewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingon【what引导名词性从句，作动词reconstruct的宾语；同时what又作名词性从句的主语】thatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpreted【情态动词；被动语态的用法】asdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports【as…as..结构的用法】.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,there【there位于句首的倒装句】arevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhen【连词，引导时间状语从句】onlythevictorsknowhowtowrite【“疑问词+todo”作动词know的宾语】.Thosewhoare【who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，不可省略，谓语动词用复数形式】onthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappear【“介词+whom”引导非限制性定语从句，作主语，whom不可用who或that，谓语动词用复数形式】inthisbook,can【情态动词】speaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade【theymade是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theobjects，因其在从句中作动词made的宾语，关系代词that或which可以省略】:ahistorytold【过去分词作后置定语，表示被动意义】throughthingsgives【主谓一致。主语是ahistory，而不是things，谓语动词用单数形式】thembackavoice.When【连词，引导时间状语从句】weconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted【一般时态的被动语态】,onlyonehalfofadialogue.If【连词，引导条件状语从句】wearetofind【betodosthg表示“将要”】theotherhalfofthatconversation,wehaveto【情态动词】readnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects【notonly…but(also)…的用法】.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented. B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.33.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific. B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay. D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society.35.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld B.AShortHistoryofAustraliaC.AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects D.HowArtWorksTellStories【参考答案】32.A33.D34.B35.C第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Indoorplantsmight【情态动词】lookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoing【动词-ing形式作伴随状语】much,but【连词，引导并列句】inmanywaystheyaretheunsung【过去分词作后置定语，表示被动意义】heroesofthehome.36,but【连词，引导并列句】studieshaveshown【现在完成时态】that【引导宾语从句，可以省略】theycan【情态动词】promotepeople’swellbeingbyimproving【动词-ing形式作介词by的宾语】theirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory【reducing…andhelping…是动词-ing形式作结果状语】.What’smore,indoorplantsare【主谓一致】easytolookafter【be+adj.+todo(sthg)的用法。这里用动词不定式的主动结构，表示被动意义】andarenotveryexpensive.Whatareindoorplants?Indoorplants,alsoknownashouseplantsorpotplants,areplantsthatlike【定语从句中的主谓一致。that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词plants，指物，不可省略；谓语动词用复数形式】togrowindoors.Manyofthesespecies(物种)are【主谓一致】notideallysuitedtogrowing【动词-ing形式作介词to的宾语】outsideintheUK,especiallyinthewinter.37.Whyareindoorplantsgoodforyou?WillSpoelstra,whoworks【定语从句中的主谓一致。who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词WillSpoelstra，不可用that或whom，不可省略；谓语动词用单数形式】attheRoyalBotanicGardens,says,“38.Ifindduringthewintermonths,plantsaroundthehousecan【情态动词】reallyliftyourmood.”【引号里的内容是直接引语】Severalstudieshavebacked【现在完成时态】thisupandfoundthat【that引导从句，作动词found的宾语，可以省略】indoorplantscan【情态动词】improvecreativity,focusandmemory.There【there位于句首的倒装句】isalsoresearchshowing【there/here+be+sb/sthg+doing/beingdone/done结构的用法】that【that引导从句，作动词showing的宾语】potplantscan【情态动词】cleantheairaroundthembyremoving【动词-ing形式作介词by的宾语】harmfulgases,suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.39.Whichplantscanyougrow?Aloevera,peaceliliesandspiderplantsare【主谓一致】someofthespeciesthatare【定语从句中主谓一致。that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词someofthespecies，指物，不可省略；谓语动词用复数形式】easytogrowindoors.Youcan【情态动词】buyplantsfromsupermarkets,gardencentresoronline.Youngerplantsare【主谓一致】oftencheaperthanfullygrownones,and【引导并列句】yougettocareforthemas【连词，引导时间状语从句】theymature—whichis【定语从句中的主谓一致。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文句子的内容，不可用that；谓语动词用单数形式】partofthejoyofowning【动词-ing形式作介词of的宾语】plants.“40,”Spoelstrasays.“Itcan【情态动词】bringanewinterestandfocusintopeople’slivesandhelptomake【help(to)do的用法】thelinkbetweenhomeandnature.”【引号内的内容为直接引语】A.AllplantsaredifferentBNotonlydotheylookbeautifulC.TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD.Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmerE.Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil’sivyareamongthebestF.ChangingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelpG.Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding【参考答案】36.B37.D38.C39.E40.G第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Tobecome【动词不定式作目的状语】theOlympicchampionintheindividual(个人)all-aroundevent,GabbyDouglashadtoleaveeverythingshe41best.Shehadto42herbedroominVirginia.Shehadtosay43tohertwodogsandtothebeach,where【where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thebeach】shelovedto44wavesonherboard.Butitwas45totaketheleap(飞跃),however46itwouldbe.Evenat14,Douglasknewthat.Soshe47about1,200milesawayfromhome,to48withacoachfromChina.Shelivedwithafamilyshehadnever49andeverythingwasnewtoher.Asitturnedout【as引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语】,Douglasdid50what【what引导名词性从句，作动词did的宾语；同时又在从句中作动词do的宾语】sheneededtodotobecome【动词不定式作目的状语】Olympicchampionwhenshe51twoRussians.TheChinesecoach52Douglasintooneofthebestgymnastsinthe53,helping【动词-ing形式作伴随状语】herskyrocketfroman54memberofthenationalteamtothetopofthesport.By55theOlympicall-aroundtitle,shebecamethefirstblackwomantodo【thefirst…todo…的用法】so.She56thecompetitionfrombeginningtoend.Shesaidshehadfelt57allalongthatshewould【情态动词】win.Notsolongago,MarthaKarolythecoordinator(联络人)ofthewomen’snationalteam,didnotthinkDouglashadwhatit58tobeanOlympian.As【连词，引导时间状语从句】timewentby,shethought59thatshecould【情态动词】maketheLondonGames—andwin.“I’mgoingtoinspiresomanypeople,”shesaid.“I’mreadyto60.”Andshineshedid【引号内的内容是直接引语】.41.A.tried B.thought C.judged D.knew42.A.takeup B.packup C.cleanup D.doup43.A.goodbye B.hello C.thanks D.no44.A.cause B.observe C.ride D.strike45.A.common B.time C.fun D.tough46.A.breathtaking B.heartbreaking C.eye-catching D.head-spinning47.A.droppedout B.movedon C.pulledover D.wentoff48.A.reason B.talk C.compete D.train49.A.met B.helped C.understood D.needed50.A.approximately B.gradually C.exactly D.possibly51.A.defeated B.pleased C.respected D.assisted52.A.forced B.transformed C.persuaded D.put53.A.world B.city C.team D.state54.A.amateur B.elected C.average D.enthusiastic55.A.clarifying B.defending C.winning D.demanding56.A.followed B.organized C.watched D.led57.A.confident B.nervous C.excited D.uneasy58.A.viewed B.appeared C.mattered D.took59.A.nowandthen B.moreandmore C.farandwide D.onandon60.A.shine B.fly C.dance D.score【参考答案】41.D42.B43.A44.C45.B46.B47.D48.D49.A50.C51.A52.B53.A54.C55.C56.D57.A58.D59.B60.A第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Beijingisacitybridging【动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰名词acity】theancientandthemodern.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong61royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully62(build)systemofringroads【with复合结构作伴随状语】.Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace63【限制性定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“aplace”，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导】welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural64(wonder)standing【动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰wonders，表示主动意义】sidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast【第一个with是复合结构，在句中作伴随状语；第二个with是standsidebysidewith的搭配用法】.Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)that【that引导限制性定语从句，作主语，可用which，不可省略】shouldn’t【情态动词否定式】work,65somehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodcombination.66(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I67(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasableto【情态动词】keepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.Asaphotographer,Ihavespent【现在完成时态】thelasttwoyears68(record)【spend…(in)doing结构的用法】everythingIdiscovered【Idiscovered是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词everything，因其在从句中作动词discovered的宾语，关系代词that可用省略】.The69(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichis【定语从句中的主谓一致。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the…developmentofthethiscity，作主语，不可用that；谓语动词用单数形式】consciouslydesignedtoprotect【design…todosthg的被动语态的用法】thepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,70(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscover【动词不定式作后置定语，修饰somethingnew】here,and【引导并列句】Icouldbephotographing【进行时态表示“将来”的意义】Beijingforthenext50years.【参考答案】61.to62.built63.which/that64.wonders65.but66.Havingvisited67.wasamazed68.recording69.remarkable70.means第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单